An expression like:
foo(1, fail, 2)
was failing to parse, because the parser was interpreting the comma
as the start of an expression that was an argument to fail, rather
than recognizing that the fail here has no arguments
Fixed this by using can_begin_expr to determine whether the next
token after a fail token suggests that this is a nullary fail or a
unary fail.
In addition, when translating calls, check before translating each
argument that the block still isn't terminated. This has the effect
that if an argument list includes fail, the back-end won't keep trying
to generate code for successive arguments and trip the !*terminated
assertion.
The code for translating a fail (for example) would call
Unreachable(), which terminates the block; if a fail appeared as an
argument, this would cause an LLVM assertion failure. Changed
trans_call to handle this situation correctly.
This is important since we are going to be making functions noncopyable
soon, which means we'll be seeing a lot of boxed functions.
(*f)(...) is really just too heavyweight.
Doing the autodereferencing was a very little bit tricky since
trans_call works with an *lval* of the function whereas existing
autoderef code was not for lvals.
Implement "claim" (issue #14), which is a version of "check" that
doesn't really do the check at runtime. It's an unsafe feature.
The new flag --check-claims turns claims into checks automatically --
but it's off by default, so by default, the assertion in a claim
doesn't execute at runtime.
The meta items within a crate's link attribute are used in linkage:
#[link(name = "std",
vers = "1.0",
custom = "whatever")];
Name and vers are treated specially, and everything else is hashed together
into the crate meta hash.
Issue #487
Resources are now defined like...
resource fd(int n) { close(n); }
Calling fd with an int will then produce a non-copyable value
that, when dropped, will call close on the given int.
Wrote some small test cases that use while loops and moves, to
make sure the poststate for the loop body gets propagated into the
new prestate and deinitialization gets reflected.
Along with that, rewrite the code for intersecting states. I still
find it dodgy, but I guess I'll continue trying to add more tests.
Also, I'll probably feel better about it once I start formalizing
the algorithm.
Includes assignment operations. Add regression tests for lots of less useful,
less used or unexpected combinations, as well as a selection of compile-fail
tests. Closes#500 (again!)
Modified typestate to throw away any constraints mentioning a
variable on the LHS of an assignment, recv, assign_op, or on
either side of a swap.
Some code cleanup as well.
If you use a function expecting an alias argument in a context that
expects a function expecting a value argument, or vice versa, the
previous error message complained that the number of arguments was
wrong. Fixed the error message to be accurate.
typestate now drops constraints correctly in the post-state of
a move expression or a declaration whose op is a move. It doesn't
yet drop constraints mentioning variables that get updated.
To do this, I had to change typestate to use trit-vectors instead
of bit-vectors, because for every constraint, there are three
possible values: known-to-be-false (e.g. after x <- y, init(y) is
known-to-be-false), known-to-be-true, and unknown. Before, we
conflated known-to-be-false with unknown. But move requires them
to be treated differently. Consider:
(program a)
(a1) x = 1;
(a2) y <- x;
(a3) log x;
(program b)
(b1) x = 1;
(b2) y <- z;
(b3) log x;
With only two values, the postcondition of statement a2 for
constraint init(x) is the same as that of b2: 0. But in (a2)'s
postcondition, init(x) *must* be false, but in (b2)'s condition,
it's just whatever it was in the postcondition of the preceding statement.
This code was causing a bounds check failure:
fn hd[U](&vec[U] v) -> U {
fn hd1(&vec[U] w) -> U {
ret w.(0);
}
ret hd1(v);
}
because in hd1, U was being treated as if it referred to a type
parameter of hd1, rather than referring to the lexically enclosing binding
for U that's part of hd.
I'm actually not sure whether this is a legit program or not. But I wanted
to get rid of the bounds check error, so I assumed that program shouldn't
compile and made it a proper error message.
This involved, in part, changing the ast::def type so that a def_fn
has a "purity" field. This lets the typechecker determine whether
functions defined in other crates are pure.
It also required updating some error messages in tests. As a test
for cross-crate constrained functions, I added a safe_slice function
to std::str (slice(), with one of the asserts replaced with a
function precondition) and some test cases (various versions of
fn-constraint.rs) that call it. Also, I changed "fn" to "pred" for
some of the boolean functions in std::uint.
I noticed that typestate was being lazier than it should be,
because it was only checking typestate for statements and
top-level expression (that is, the expression in a stmt_expr, but
not any subexpressions). So I rewrote the checks in tstate/ck.rs
to use walk, which exposed a few bugs in typestate that I fixed.
Also added some more test cases for if-check.
I don't currently know how to deal with syntax extensions that appear betweeen
an attribute and an item, so this test captures the error that occurs.
Issue #487
I added a "resolved" version of the ast::constr type -- ty::constr_def
-- that has a def_id field instead of an ann_field. This is more
consistent with other types and eliminates some checking.
Incidentally, I removed the def_map argument to the top-level function
in middle::alias, since the ty::ctxt already has a def_map field.
This is a somewhat odd place to put these checks, but the data tracked
by that pass, and the available functions, make it trivial to do such
a check there.
In code like "auto foo = fail", a type gets inferred for foo
depending on how it's used. However, fail still has type _|_ and
still should be treated that way: particularly, its value shouldn't
be copied. Fixed trans to reflect that.
Before, all aliases were implicitly mutable, and writing
&mutable was the same as writing &. Now, the two are
distinguished, and assignments to regular aliases are
no longer allowed.
Improve error message in the case where a use of a polymorphic tag has
insufficient type arguments given. Before, the typechecker was
just crashing with a bounds check error.
The old system tried to ensure that the location an alias pointed at
would retain its type. That turned out to not be strong enough in the
face of aliases to the inside of tags.
The new system instead proves that values pointed to by aliases are
not replaced (or invalidated in some other way) at all. It knows of
two sufficient conditions for this, and tries to prove at least of
them:
A) The alias is 'immutably rooted' in a local, and this local is not
reassigned for the lifetime of the alias. Immutably rooted means
the alias refers to the local itself, or to something reachable
from the local through immutable dereferencing.
B) No value whose type might include the type of the 'inner mutable
element' of the thing the alias refers to (for example, the box in
rec(mutable x = @mutable int)) is from the outer scope is accessed
for the lifetime of the alias. This means for functions, no other
argument types may include the alias's inner mutable type. For alt,
for each, and for, it means the body does not refer to any locals
originating from outside their scope that include this type.
The lifetime of an alias in an alt, for each, or for body is defined
as the range from its definition to its last use, not to the point
where it goes out of scope. This makes working around these
restrictions somewhat less annoying. For example, you can assign to
your alt-ed value you don't refer to any bindings afterwards.
The alias checker works by ensuring that any value to which an alias
is created is rooted in some way that ensures it outlives the alias.
It is now disallowed to create an alias to the content of a mutable
box, or to a box hanging off a mutable field. There is also machinery
in place to prevent assignment to local variables whenever they are
the root of a live alias.
A non-returning call should have a postcondition in which all predicates
are true -- not just a poststate. Otherwise, alt expressions where
one or more branches terminate in a non-returning call and others
initialize a variable get rejected.
Includes a test case.
Changed the typechecker to correctly typecheck the declared variable
type in a for or for-each loop against the vector element type (for
a for loop) or the iterator type (for a for-each loop). Added a
test case.
