passes: `check_attr` on more targets
This PR modifies `check_attr` so that:
- Enum variants are now checked (some attributes would not have been prohibited on variants previously).
- `check_expr_attributes` and `check_stmt_attributes` are removed as `check_attributes` can perform the same checks. This means that codegen attribute errors aren't shown if there are other errors first (e.g. from other attributes, as shown in `src/test/ui/macros/issue-68060.rs` changes below).
7bade6ef73