189 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
189 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
#rust-clippy
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[](https://travis-ci.org/Manishearth/rust-clippy)
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A collection of lints to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.
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[Jump to usage instructions](#usage)
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##Lints
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There are 96 lints included in this crate:
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name | default | meaning
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[approx_constant](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#approx_constant) | warn | the approximate of a known float constant (in `std::f64::consts` or `std::f32::consts`) is found; suggests to use the constant
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[bad_bit_mask](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#bad_bit_mask) | warn | expressions of the form `_ & mask == select` that will only ever return `true` or `false` (because in the example `select` containing bits that `mask` doesn't have)
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[block_in_if_condition_expr](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#block_in_if_condition_expr) | warn | braces can be eliminated in conditions that are expressions, e.g `if { true } ...`
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[block_in_if_condition_stmt](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#block_in_if_condition_stmt) | warn | avoid complex blocks in conditions, instead move the block higher and bind it with 'let'; e.g: `if { let x = true; x } ...`
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[box_vec](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#box_vec) | warn | usage of `Box<Vec<T>>`, vector elements are already on the heap
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[boxed_local](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#boxed_local) | warn | using Box<T> where unnecessary
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[cast_possible_truncation](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cast_possible_truncation) | allow | casts that may cause truncation of the value, e.g `x as u8` where `x: u32`, or `x as i32` where `x: f32`
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[cast_possible_wrap](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cast_possible_wrap) | allow | casts that may cause wrapping around the value, e.g `x as i32` where `x: u32` and `x > i32::MAX`
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[cast_precision_loss](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cast_precision_loss) | allow | casts that cause loss of precision, e.g `x as f32` where `x: u64`
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[cast_sign_loss](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cast_sign_loss) | allow | casts from signed types to unsigned types, e.g `x as u32` where `x: i32`
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[chars_next_cmp](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#chars_next_cmp) | warn | using `.chars().next()` to check if a string starts with a char
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[cmp_nan](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cmp_nan) | deny | comparisons to NAN (which will always return false, which is probably not intended)
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[cmp_owned](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cmp_owned) | warn | creating owned instances for comparing with others, e.g. `x == "foo".to_string()`
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[collapsible_if](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#collapsible_if) | warn | two nested `if`-expressions can be collapsed into one, e.g. `if x { if y { foo() } }` can be written as `if x && y { foo() }`
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[cyclomatic_complexity](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cyclomatic_complexity) | warn | finds functions that should be split up into multiple functions
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[deprecated_semver](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#deprecated_semver) | warn | `Warn` on `#[deprecated(since = "x")]` where x is not semver
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[derive_hash_not_eq](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#derive_hash_not_eq) | warn | deriving `Hash` but implementing `PartialEq` explicitly
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[duplicate_underscore_argument](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#duplicate_underscore_argument) | warn | Function arguments having names which only differ by an underscore
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[empty_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#empty_loop) | warn | empty `loop {}` detected
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[eq_op](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#eq_op) | warn | equal operands on both sides of a comparison or bitwise combination (e.g. `x == x`)
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[explicit_counter_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#explicit_counter_loop) | warn | for-looping with an explicit counter when `_.enumerate()` would do
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[explicit_iter_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#explicit_iter_loop) | warn | for-looping over `_.iter()` or `_.iter_mut()` when `&_` or `&mut _` would do
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[filter_next](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#filter_next) | warn | using `filter(p).next()`, which is more succinctly expressed as `.find(p)`
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[float_cmp](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#float_cmp) | warn | using `==` or `!=` on float values (as floating-point operations usually involve rounding errors, it is always better to check for approximate equality within small bounds)
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[identity_op](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#identity_op) | warn | using identity operations, e.g. `x + 0` or `y / 1`
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[ineffective_bit_mask](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#ineffective_bit_mask) | warn | expressions where a bit mask will be rendered useless by a comparison, e.g. `(x | 1) > 2`
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[inline_always](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#inline_always) | warn | `#[inline(always)]` is a bad idea in most cases
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[iter_next_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#iter_next_loop) | warn | for-looping over `_.next()` which is probably not intended
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[len_without_is_empty](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#len_without_is_empty) | warn | traits and impls that have `.len()` but not `.is_empty()`
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[len_zero](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#len_zero) | warn | checking `.len() == 0` or `.len() > 0` (or similar) when `.is_empty()` could be used instead
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[let_and_return](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#let_and_return) | warn | creating a let-binding and then immediately returning it like `let x = expr; x` at the end of a block
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[let_unit_value](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#let_unit_value) | warn | creating a let binding to a value of unit type, which usually can't be used afterwards
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[linkedlist](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#linkedlist) | warn | usage of LinkedList, usually a vector is faster, or a more specialized data structure like a VecDeque
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[map_clone](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#map_clone) | warn | using `.map(|x| x.clone())` to clone an iterator or option's contents (recommends `.cloned()` instead)
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[map_entry](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#map_entry) | warn | use of `contains_key` followed by `insert` on a `HashMap` or `BTreeMap`
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[match_bool](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#match_bool) | warn | a match on boolean expression; recommends `if..else` block instead
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[match_overlapping_arm](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#match_overlapping_arm) | warn | a match has overlapping arms
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[match_ref_pats](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#match_ref_pats) | warn | a match or `if let` has all arms prefixed with `&`; the match expression can be dereferenced instead
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[min_max](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#min_max) | warn | `min(_, max(_, _))` (or vice versa) with bounds clamping the result to a constant
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[modulo_one](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#modulo_one) | warn | taking a number modulo 1, which always returns 0
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[mut_mut](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#mut_mut) | allow | usage of double-mut refs, e.g. `&mut &mut ...` (either copy'n'paste error, or shows a fundamental misunderstanding of references)
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[mutex_atomic](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#mutex_atomic) | warn | using a Mutex where an atomic value could be used instead
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[mutex_integer](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#mutex_integer) | allow | using a Mutex for an integer type
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[needless_bool](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_bool) | warn | if-statements with plain booleans in the then- and else-clause, e.g. `if p { true } else { false }`
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[needless_lifetimes](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_lifetimes) | warn | using explicit lifetimes for references in function arguments when elision rules would allow omitting them
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[needless_range_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_range_loop) | warn | for-looping over a range of indices where an iterator over items would do
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[needless_return](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_return) | warn | using a return statement like `return expr;` where an expression would suffice
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[needless_update](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_update) | warn | using `{ ..base }` when there are no missing fields
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[no_effect](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#no_effect) | warn | statements with no effect
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[non_ascii_literal](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#non_ascii_literal) | allow | using any literal non-ASCII chars in a string literal; suggests using the \\u escape instead
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[nonsensical_open_options](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#nonsensical_open_options) | warn | nonsensical combination of options for opening a file
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[ok_expect](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#ok_expect) | warn | using `ok().expect()`, which gives worse error messages than calling `expect` directly on the Result
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[option_map_unwrap_or](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#option_map_unwrap_or) | warn | using `Option.map(f).unwrap_or(a)`, which is more succinctly expressed as `map_or(a, f)`
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[option_map_unwrap_or_else](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#option_map_unwrap_or_else) | warn | using `Option.map(f).unwrap_or_else(g)`, which is more succinctly expressed as `map_or_else(g, f)`
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[option_unwrap_used](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#option_unwrap_used) | allow | using `Option.unwrap()`, which should at least get a better message using `expect()`
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[or_fun_call](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#or_fun_call) | warn | using any `*or` method when the `*or_else` would do
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[out_of_bounds_indexing](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#out_of_bounds_indexing) | deny | out of bound constant indexing
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[panic_params](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#panic_params) | warn | missing parameters in `panic!`
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[precedence](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#precedence) | warn | catches operations where precedence may be unclear. See the wiki for a list of cases caught
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[ptr_arg](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#ptr_arg) | warn | fn arguments of the type `&Vec<...>` or `&String`, suggesting to use `&[...]` or `&str` instead, respectively
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[range_step_by_zero](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#range_step_by_zero) | warn | using Range::step_by(0), which produces an infinite iterator
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[range_zip_with_len](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#range_zip_with_len) | warn | zipping iterator with a range when enumerate() would do
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[redundant_closure](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#redundant_closure) | warn | using redundant closures, i.e. `|a| foo(a)` (which can be written as just `foo`)
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[redundant_pattern](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#redundant_pattern) | warn | using `name @ _` in a pattern
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[result_unwrap_used](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#result_unwrap_used) | allow | using `Result.unwrap()`, which might be better handled
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[reverse_range_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#reverse_range_loop) | warn | Iterating over an empty range, such as `10..0` or `5..5`
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[search_is_some](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#search_is_some) | warn | using an iterator search followed by `is_some()`, which is more succinctly expressed as a call to `any()`
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[shadow_reuse](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#shadow_reuse) | allow | rebinding a name to an expression that re-uses the original value, e.g. `let x = x + 1`
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[shadow_same](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#shadow_same) | allow | rebinding a name to itself, e.g. `let mut x = &mut x`
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[shadow_unrelated](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#shadow_unrelated) | allow | The name is re-bound without even using the original value
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[should_implement_trait](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#should_implement_trait) | warn | defining a method that should be implementing a std trait
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[single_match](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#single_match) | warn | a match statement with a single nontrivial arm (i.e, where the other arm is `_ => {}`) is used; recommends `if let` instead
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[str_to_string](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#str_to_string) | warn | using `to_string()` on a str, which should be `to_owned()`
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[string_add](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#string_add) | allow | using `x + ..` where x is a `String`; suggests using `push_str()` instead
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[string_add_assign](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#string_add_assign) | allow | using `x = x + ..` where x is a `String`; suggests using `push_str()` instead
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[string_lit_as_bytes](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#string_lit_as_bytes) | warn | calling `as_bytes` on a string literal; suggests using a byte string literal instead
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[string_to_string](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#string_to_string) | warn | calling `String.to_string()` which is a no-op
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[temporary_assignment](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#temporary_assignment) | warn | assignments to temporaries
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[toplevel_ref_arg](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#toplevel_ref_arg) | warn | An entire binding was declared as `ref`, in a function argument (`fn foo(ref x: Bar)`), or a `let` statement (`let ref x = foo()`). In such cases, it is preferred to take references with `&`.
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[type_complexity](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#type_complexity) | warn | usage of very complex types; recommends factoring out parts into `type` definitions
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[unicode_not_nfc](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unicode_not_nfc) | allow | using a unicode literal not in NFC normal form (see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/ for further information)
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[unit_cmp](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unit_cmp) | warn | comparing unit values (which is always `true` or `false`, respectively)
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[unnecessary_mut_passed](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unnecessary_mut_passed) | warn | an argument is passed as a mutable reference although the function/method only demands an immutable reference
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[unneeded_field_pattern](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unneeded_field_pattern) | warn | Struct fields are bound to a wildcard instead of using `..`
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[unstable_as_mut_slice](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unstable_as_mut_slice) | warn | as_mut_slice is not stable and can be replaced by &mut v[..]see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27729
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[unstable_as_slice](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unstable_as_slice) | warn | as_slice is not stable and can be replaced by & v[..]see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27729
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[unused_collect](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unused_collect) | warn | `collect()`ing an iterator without using the result; this is usually better written as a for loop
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[unused_lifetimes](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unused_lifetimes) | warn | unused lifetimes in function definitions
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[used_underscore_binding](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#used_underscore_binding) | warn | using a binding which is prefixed with an underscore
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[useless_transmute](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#useless_transmute) | warn | transmutes that have the same to and from types
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[while_let_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#while_let_loop) | warn | `loop { if let { ... } else break }` can be written as a `while let` loop
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[while_let_on_iterator](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#while_let_on_iterator) | warn | using a while-let loop instead of a for loop on an iterator
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[wrong_pub_self_convention](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#wrong_pub_self_convention) | allow | defining a public method named with an established prefix (like "into_") that takes `self` with the wrong convention
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[wrong_self_convention](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#wrong_self_convention) | warn | defining a method named with an established prefix (like "into_") that takes `self` with the wrong convention
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[zero_divided_by_zero](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#zero_divided_by_zero) | warn | usage of `0.0 / 0.0` to obtain NaN instead of std::f32::NaN or std::f64::NaN
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[zero_width_space](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#zero_width_space) | deny | using a zero-width space in a string literal, which is confusing
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More to come, please [file an issue](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/issues) if you have ideas!
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##Usage
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Compiler plugins are highly unstable and will only work with a nightly Rust for now. Since stable Rust is backwards compatible, you should be able to compile your stable programs with nightly Rust with clippy plugged in to circumvent this.
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Add in your `Cargo.toml`:
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```toml
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[dependencies]
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clippy = "*"
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```
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You may also use [`cargo clippy`](https://github.com/arcnmx/cargo-clippy), a custom cargo subcommand that runs clippy on a given project.
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Sample `main.rs`:
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```rust
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#![feature(plugin)]
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#![plugin(clippy)]
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fn main(){
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let x = Some(1u8);
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match x {
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Some(y) => println!("{:?}", y),
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_ => ()
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}
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}
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```
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Produces this warning:
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```
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src/main.rs:8:5: 11:6 warning: you seem to be trying to use match for destructuring a single type. Consider using `if let`, #[warn(single_match)] on by default
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src/main.rs:8 match x {
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src/main.rs:9 Some(y) => println!("{:?}", y),
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src/main.rs:10 _ => ()
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src/main.rs:11 }
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src/main.rs:8:5: 11:6 help: Try
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if let Some(y) = x { println!("{:?}", y) }
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```
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You can add options to `allow`/`warn`/`deny`:
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- the whole set of `Warn` lints using the `clippy` lint group (`#![deny(clippy)]`)
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- all lints using both the `clippy` and `clippy_pedantic` lint groups (`#![deny(clippy)]`, `#![deny(clippy_pedantic)]`). Note that `clippy_pedantic` contains some very aggressive lints prone to false positives.
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- only some lints (`#![deny(single_match, box_vec)]`, etc)
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- `allow`/`warn`/`deny` can be limited to a single function or module using `#[allow(...)]`, etc
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Note: `deny` produces errors instead of warnings
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To have cargo compile your crate with clippy without needing `#![plugin(clippy)]`
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in your code, you can use:
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```
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cargo rustc -- -L /path/to/clippy_so -Z extra-plugins=clippy
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```
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*[Note](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#a-word-of-warning):* Be sure that clippy was compiled with the same version of rustc that cargo invokes here!
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If you want to make clippy an optional dependency, you can do the following:
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In your `Cargo.toml`:
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```toml
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[dependencies]
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clippy = {version = "*", optional = true}
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[features]
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default=[]
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```
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And, in your `main.rs` or `lib.rs`:
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```rust
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#![cfg_attr(feature="clippy", feature(plugin))]
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#![cfg_attr(feature="clippy", plugin(clippy))]
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```
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##License
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Licensed under [MPL](https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/). If you're having issues with the license, let me know and I'll try to change it to something more permissive.
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