rust/src/libcore/char.rs
2014-08-08 07:55:00 -04:00

370 lines
12 KiB
Rust

// Copyright 2012-2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
//! Character manipulation.
//!
//! For more details, see ::unicode::char (a.k.a. std::char)
#![allow(non_snake_case_functions)]
#![doc(primitive = "char")]
use mem::transmute;
use option::{None, Option, Some};
use iter::range_step;
// UTF-8 ranges and tags for encoding characters
static TAG_CONT: u8 = 0b1000_0000u8;
static TAG_TWO_B: u8 = 0b1100_0000u8;
static TAG_THREE_B: u8 = 0b1110_0000u8;
static TAG_FOUR_B: u8 = 0b1111_0000u8;
static MAX_ONE_B: u32 = 0x80u32;
static MAX_TWO_B: u32 = 0x800u32;
static MAX_THREE_B: u32 = 0x10000u32;
static MAX_FOUR_B: u32 = 0x200000u32;
/*
Lu Uppercase_Letter an uppercase letter
Ll Lowercase_Letter a lowercase letter
Lt Titlecase_Letter a digraphic character, with first part uppercase
Lm Modifier_Letter a modifier letter
Lo Other_Letter other letters, including syllables and ideographs
Mn Nonspacing_Mark a nonspacing combining mark (zero advance width)
Mc Spacing_Mark a spacing combining mark (positive advance width)
Me Enclosing_Mark an enclosing combining mark
Nd Decimal_Number a decimal digit
Nl Letter_Number a letterlike numeric character
No Other_Number a numeric character of other type
Pc Connector_Punctuation a connecting punctuation mark, like a tie
Pd Dash_Punctuation a dash or hyphen punctuation mark
Ps Open_Punctuation an opening punctuation mark (of a pair)
Pe Close_Punctuation a closing punctuation mark (of a pair)
Pi Initial_Punctuation an initial quotation mark
Pf Final_Punctuation a final quotation mark
Po Other_Punctuation a punctuation mark of other type
Sm Math_Symbol a symbol of primarily mathematical use
Sc Currency_Symbol a currency sign
Sk Modifier_Symbol a non-letterlike modifier symbol
So Other_Symbol a symbol of other type
Zs Space_Separator a space character (of various non-zero widths)
Zl Line_Separator U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR only
Zp Paragraph_Separator U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR only
Cc Control a C0 or C1 control code
Cf Format a format control character
Cs Surrogate a surrogate code point
Co Private_Use a private-use character
Cn Unassigned a reserved unassigned code point or a noncharacter
*/
/// The highest valid code point
pub static MAX: char = '\U0010ffff';
/// Converts from `u32` to a `char`
#[inline]
pub fn from_u32(i: u32) -> Option<char> {
// catch out-of-bounds and surrogates
if (i > MAX as u32) || (i >= 0xD800 && i <= 0xDFFF) {
None
} else {
Some(unsafe { transmute(i) })
}
}
///
/// Checks if a `char` parses as a numeric digit in the given radix
///
/// Compared to `is_digit()`, this function only recognizes the
/// characters `0-9`, `a-z` and `A-Z`.
///
/// # Return value
///
/// Returns `true` if `c` is a valid digit under `radix`, and `false`
/// otherwise.
///
/// # Failure
///
/// Fails if given a `radix` > 36.
///
/// # Note
///
/// This just wraps `to_digit()`.
///
#[inline]
pub fn is_digit_radix(c: char, radix: uint) -> bool {
match to_digit(c, radix) {
Some(_) => true,
None => false,
}
}
///
/// Converts a `char` to the corresponding digit
///
/// # Return value
///
/// If `c` is between '0' and '9', the corresponding value
/// between 0 and 9. If `c` is 'a' or 'A', 10. If `c` is
/// 'b' or 'B', 11, etc. Returns none if the `char` does not
/// refer to a digit in the given radix.
///
/// # Failure
///
/// Fails if given a `radix` outside the range `[0..36]`.
///
#[inline]
pub fn to_digit(c: char, radix: uint) -> Option<uint> {
if radix > 36 {
fail!("to_digit: radix is too high (maximum 36)");
}
let val = match c {
'0' .. '9' => c as uint - ('0' as uint),
'a' .. 'z' => c as uint + 10u - ('a' as uint),
'A' .. 'Z' => c as uint + 10u - ('A' as uint),
_ => return None,
};
if val < radix { Some(val) }
else { None }
}
///
/// Converts a number to the character representing it
///
/// # Return value
///
/// Returns `Some(char)` if `num` represents one digit under `radix`,
/// using one character of `0-9` or `a-z`, or `None` if it doesn't.
///
/// # Failure
///
/// Fails if given an `radix` > 36.
///
#[inline]
pub fn from_digit(num: uint, radix: uint) -> Option<char> {
if radix > 36 {
fail!("from_digit: radix is to high (maximum 36)");
}
if num < radix {
unsafe {
if num < 10 {
Some(transmute(('0' as uint + num) as u32))
} else {
Some(transmute(('a' as uint + num - 10u) as u32))
}
}
} else {
None
}
}
///
/// Returns the hexadecimal Unicode escape of a `char`
///
/// The rules are as follows:
///
/// - chars in [0,0xff] get 2-digit escapes: `\\xNN`
/// - chars in [0x100,0xffff] get 4-digit escapes: `\\uNNNN`
/// - chars above 0x10000 get 8-digit escapes: `\\UNNNNNNNN`
///
pub fn escape_unicode(c: char, f: |char|) {
// avoid calling str::to_str_radix because we don't really need to allocate
// here.
f('\\');
let pad = match () {
_ if c <= '\xff' => { f('x'); 2 }
_ if c <= '\uffff' => { f('u'); 4 }
_ => { f('U'); 8 }
};
for offset in range_step::<i32>(4 * (pad - 1), -1, -4) {
let offset = offset as uint;
unsafe {
match ((c as i32) >> offset) & 0xf {
i @ 0 .. 9 => { f(transmute('0' as i32 + i)); }
i => { f(transmute('a' as i32 + (i - 10))); }
}
}
}
}
///
/// Returns a 'default' ASCII and C++11-like literal escape of a `char`
///
/// The default is chosen with a bias toward producing literals that are
/// legal in a variety of languages, including C++11 and similar C-family
/// languages. The exact rules are:
///
/// - Tab, CR and LF are escaped as '\t', '\r' and '\n' respectively.
/// - Single-quote, double-quote and backslash chars are backslash-escaped.
/// - Any other chars in the range [0x20,0x7e] are not escaped.
/// - Any other chars are given hex unicode escapes; see `escape_unicode`.
///
pub fn escape_default(c: char, f: |char|) {
match c {
'\t' => { f('\\'); f('t'); }
'\r' => { f('\\'); f('r'); }
'\n' => { f('\\'); f('n'); }
'\\' => { f('\\'); f('\\'); }
'\'' => { f('\\'); f('\''); }
'"' => { f('\\'); f('"'); }
'\x20' .. '\x7e' => { f(c); }
_ => c.escape_unicode(f),
}
}
/// Returns the amount of bytes this `char` would need if encoded in UTF-8
pub fn len_utf8_bytes(c: char) -> uint {
let code = c as u32;
match () {
_ if code < MAX_ONE_B => 1u,
_ if code < MAX_TWO_B => 2u,
_ if code < MAX_THREE_B => 3u,
_ if code < MAX_FOUR_B => 4u,
_ => fail!("invalid character!"),
}
}
/// Basic `char` manipulations.
pub trait Char {
/// Checks if a `char` parses as a numeric digit in the given radix.
///
/// Compared to `is_digit()`, this function only recognizes the characters
/// `0-9`, `a-z` and `A-Z`.
///
/// # Return value
///
/// Returns `true` if `c` is a valid digit under `radix`, and `false`
/// otherwise.
///
/// # Failure
///
/// Fails if given a radix > 36.
fn is_digit_radix(&self, radix: uint) -> bool;
/// Converts a character to the corresponding digit.
///
/// # Return value
///
/// If `c` is between '0' and '9', the corresponding value between 0 and
/// 9. If `c` is 'a' or 'A', 10. If `c` is 'b' or 'B', 11, etc. Returns
/// none if the character does not refer to a digit in the given radix.
///
/// # Failure
///
/// Fails if given a radix outside the range [0..36].
fn to_digit(&self, radix: uint) -> Option<uint>;
/// Converts a number to the character representing it.
///
/// # Return value
///
/// Returns `Some(char)` if `num` represents one digit under `radix`,
/// using one character of `0-9` or `a-z`, or `None` if it doesn't.
///
/// # Failure
///
/// Fails if given a radix > 36.
fn from_digit(num: uint, radix: uint) -> Option<Self>;
/// Returns the hexadecimal Unicode escape of a character.
///
/// The rules are as follows:
///
/// * Characters in [0,0xff] get 2-digit escapes: `\\xNN`
/// * Characters in [0x100,0xffff] get 4-digit escapes: `\\uNNNN`.
/// * Characters above 0x10000 get 8-digit escapes: `\\UNNNNNNNN`.
fn escape_unicode(&self, f: |char|);
/// Returns a 'default' ASCII and C++11-like literal escape of a
/// character.
///
/// The default is chosen with a bias toward producing literals that are
/// legal in a variety of languages, including C++11 and similar C-family
/// languages. The exact rules are:
///
/// * Tab, CR and LF are escaped as '\t', '\r' and '\n' respectively.
/// * Single-quote, double-quote and backslash chars are backslash-
/// escaped.
/// * Any other chars in the range [0x20,0x7e] are not escaped.
/// * Any other chars are given hex unicode escapes; see `escape_unicode`.
fn escape_default(&self, f: |char|);
/// Returns the amount of bytes this character would need if encoded in
/// UTF-8.
fn len_utf8_bytes(&self) -> uint;
/// Encodes this character as UTF-8 into the provided byte buffer.
///
/// The buffer must be at least 4 bytes long or a runtime failure may
/// occur.
///
/// This will then return the number of bytes written to the slice.
fn encode_utf8(&self, dst: &mut [u8]) -> uint;
/// Encodes this character as UTF-16 into the provided `u16` buffer.
///
/// The buffer must be at least 2 elements long or a runtime failure may
/// occur.
///
/// This will then return the number of `u16`s written to the slice.
fn encode_utf16(&self, dst: &mut [u16]) -> uint;
}
impl Char for char {
fn is_digit_radix(&self, radix: uint) -> bool { is_digit_radix(*self, radix) }
fn to_digit(&self, radix: uint) -> Option<uint> { to_digit(*self, radix) }
fn from_digit(num: uint, radix: uint) -> Option<char> { from_digit(num, radix) }
fn escape_unicode(&self, f: |char|) { escape_unicode(*self, f) }
fn escape_default(&self, f: |char|) { escape_default(*self, f) }
fn len_utf8_bytes(&self) -> uint { len_utf8_bytes(*self) }
fn encode_utf8<'a>(&self, dst: &'a mut [u8]) -> uint {
let code = *self as u32;
if code < MAX_ONE_B {
dst[0] = code as u8;
1
} else if code < MAX_TWO_B {
dst[0] = (code >> 6u & 0x1F_u32) as u8 | TAG_TWO_B;
dst[1] = (code & 0x3F_u32) as u8 | TAG_CONT;
2
} else if code < MAX_THREE_B {
dst[0] = (code >> 12u & 0x0F_u32) as u8 | TAG_THREE_B;
dst[1] = (code >> 6u & 0x3F_u32) as u8 | TAG_CONT;
dst[2] = (code & 0x3F_u32) as u8 | TAG_CONT;
3
} else {
dst[0] = (code >> 18u & 0x07_u32) as u8 | TAG_FOUR_B;
dst[1] = (code >> 12u & 0x3F_u32) as u8 | TAG_CONT;
dst[2] = (code >> 6u & 0x3F_u32) as u8 | TAG_CONT;
dst[3] = (code & 0x3F_u32) as u8 | TAG_CONT;
4
}
}
fn encode_utf16(&self, dst: &mut [u16]) -> uint {
let mut ch = *self as u32;
if (ch & 0xFFFF_u32) == ch {
// The BMP falls through (assuming non-surrogate, as it should)
assert!(ch <= 0xD7FF_u32 || ch >= 0xE000_u32);
dst[0] = ch as u16;
1
} else {
// Supplementary planes break into surrogates.
assert!(ch >= 0x1_0000_u32 && ch <= 0x10_FFFF_u32);
ch -= 0x1_0000_u32;
dst[0] = 0xD800_u16 | ((ch >> 10) as u16);
dst[1] = 0xDC00_u16 | ((ch as u16) & 0x3FF_u16);
2
}
}
}