Miri provenance cleanup
Reviewing https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/95826 by ``@carbotaniuman`` made me realize that we could clean things up a little here.
``@carbotaniuman`` please let me know if you're okay with landing this (it will create a lot of conflicts with your PR), or if you'd prefer incorporating the ideas from this PR into yours. I think we want to end up in a situation where the function you called `ptr_reify_alloc` returns just two things, a concrete tag and an offset. Getting an `AllocId` from a concrete tag should be infallible like now. However a concrete tag and `Tag` don't have to be the same type.
r? ``@oli-obk``
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