rustdoc: Fix resolution of `crate`-relative paths in doc links
Resolve `crate::foo` paths transparently to rustdoc, so their resolution no longer affects diagnostics and modules used for determining traits in scope.
The proper solution is to account for the current `module_id`/`parent_scope` in `fn resolve_crate_root`, but it's a slightly larger compiler changes. This PR moves the code closer to it, but keeps it rustdoc-specific.
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/78696
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/94924
949b98cab8