This begins a rewrite of some sections the tutorial as an introduction
to concepts through the implementation of a simple data structure. I
think this would be a good way to introduce references, traits and many
other concepts too. For example, the section introducing alternatives to
ownership can demonstrate a persistent list.
The section on closure types was missing, so I added one. I'm new to Rust, so there are probably important things to say about closure types that I'm missing here.
I tested the example with the latest Rust nightly.
This includes documentation for all the previous changes done to linking
in #10582. Additionally, this brings the list of feature-gates up-to-date with
the currently recognized list of features.
This commit implements the support necessary for generating both intermediate
and result static rust libraries. This is an implementation of my thoughts in
https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/rust-dev/2013-November/006686.html.
When compiling a library, we still retain the "lib" option, although now there
are "rlib", "staticlib", and "dylib" as options for crate_type (and these are
stackable). The idea of "lib" is to generate the "compiler default" instead of
having too choose (although all are interchangeable). For now I have left the
"complier default" to be a dynamic library for size reasons.
Of the rust libraries, lib{std,extra,rustuv} will bootstrap with an
rlib/dylib pair, but lib{rustc,syntax,rustdoc,rustpkg} will only be built as a
dynamic object. I chose this for size reasons, but also because you're probably
not going to be embedding the rustc compiler anywhere any time soon.
Other than the options outlined above, there are a few defaults/preferences that
are now opinionated in the compiler:
* If both a .dylib and .rlib are found for a rust library, the compiler will
prefer the .rlib variant. This is overridable via the -Z prefer-dynamic option
* If generating a "lib", the compiler will generate a dynamic library. This is
overridable by explicitly saying what flavor you'd like (rlib, staticlib,
dylib).
* If no options are passed to the command line, and no crate_type is found in
the destination crate, then an executable is generated
With this change, you can successfully build a rust program with 0 dynamic
dependencies on rust libraries. There is still a dynamic dependency on
librustrt, but I plan on removing that in a subsequent commit.
This change includes no tests just yet. Our current testing
infrastructure/harnesses aren't very amenable to doing flavorful things with
linking, so I'm planning on adding a new mode of testing which I believe belongs
as a separate commit.
Closes#552
Previously, `//// foo` and `/*** foo ***/` were accepted as doc comments. This
changes that, so that only `/// foo` and `/** foo ***/` are accepted. This
confuses many newcomers and it seems weird.
Also update the manual for these changes, and modernify the EBNF for comments.
Closes#10638
The reasons for doing this are:
* The model on which linked failure is based is inherently complex
* The implementation is also very complex, and there are few remaining who
fully understand the implementation
* There are existing race conditions in the core context switching function of
the scheduler, and possibly others.
* It's unclear whether this model of linked failure maps well to a 1:1 threading
model
Linked failure is often a desired aspect of tasks, but we would like to take a
much more conservative approach in re-implementing linked failure if at all.
Closes#8674Closes#8318Closes#8863
The reasons for doing this are:
* The model on which linked failure is based is inherently complex
* The implementation is also very complex, and there are few remaining who
fully understand the implementation
* There are existing race conditions in the core context switching function of
the scheduler, and possibly others.
* It's unclear whether this model of linked failure maps well to a 1:1 threading
model
Linked failure is often a desired aspect of tasks, but we would like to take a
much more conservative approach in re-implementing linked failure if at all.
Closes#8674Closes#8318Closes#8863
This replaces the old section on managed pointers because the syntax is
going to be removed and it's currently feature gated so the examples
don't work out-of-the-box. Dynamic mutability coverage can be added
after the `Mut<T>` work has landed.
This replaces the old section on managed pointers because the syntax is
going to be removed and it's currently feature gated so the examples
don't work out-of-the-box. Dynamic mutability coverage can be added
after the `Mut<T>` work has landed.
- Cause `0` to be considered a valid integer literal (it is).
- Add octal literals (missed from #10243).
I have *not* modified doc/po/rust.md.pot or doc/po/ja/rust.md.po at all;
they already seem to be out of date so it's easier to ignore them for
myself. I can update them if desired, of course.
I've started working on this issue and pushed a small commit, which adds a range check for integer literals in `middle::const_eval` (no `uint` at the moment)
At the moment, this patch is just a proof of concept, I'm not sure if there is a better function for the checks in `middle::const_eval`. This patch does not check for overflows after constant folding, eg:
let x: i8 = 99 + 99;
Since tutorial/manual files are stored on static.rust-lang.org, browsers
try to fetch the favicon from there while it should be retrieved from the
main domain.
These two attributes are no longer useful now that Rust has decided to leave
segmented stacks behind. It is assumed that the rust task's stack is always
large enough to make an FFI call (due to the stack being very large).
There's always the case of stack overflow, however, to consider. This does not
change the behavior of stack overflow in Rust. This is still normally triggered
by the __morestack function and aborts the whole process.
C stack overflow will continue to corrupt the stack, however (as it did before
this commit as well). The future improvement of a guard page at the end of every
rust stack is still unimplemented and is intended to be the mechanism through
which we attempt to detect C stack overflow.
Closes#8822Closes#10155
This adds an other ABI option which allows a custom selection over the target
architecture and OS. The only current candidate for this change is that kernel32
on win32 uses stdcall, but on win64 it uses the cdecl calling convention.
Otherwise everywhere else this is defined as using the Cdecl calling convention.
cc #10049Closes#8774
This section desperately needs to be expanded, but removing the
misleading/incorrect information is a priority.
Managed vectors/strings are not covered, as they are feature-gated and
are only a micro-optimization to avoid double-indirection.
Closes#6882
This section desperately needs to be expanded, but removing the
misleading/incorrect information is a priority.
Managed vectors/strings are not covered, as they are feature-gated and
are only a micro-optimization to avoid double-indirection.
Closes#6882
This extension can be used to concatenate string literals at compile time. C has
this useful ability when placing string literals lexically next to one another,
but this needs to be handled at the syntax extension level to recursively expand
macros.
The major use case for this is something like:
macro_rules! mylog( ($fmt:expr $($arg:tt)*) => {
error2!(concat!(file!(), ":", line!(), " - ", $fmt) $($arg)*);
})
Where the mylog macro will automatically prepend the filename/line number to the
beginning of every log message.
This extension can be used to concatenate string literals at compile time. C has
this useful ability when placing string literals lexically next to one another,
but this needs to be handled at the syntax extension level to recursively expand
macros.
The major use case for this is something like:
macro_rules! mylog( ($fmt:expr $($arg:tt)*) => {
error2!(concat!(file!(), ":", line!(), " - ", $fmt) $($arg)*);
})
Where the mylog macro will automatically prepend the filename/line number to the
beginning of every log message.
To keep consistency with the word "borrowing" I suppose an alternate way to write this could be "Having an object borrow an immutable pointer freezes it and prevents mutation".
Previously an ExprLit was created *per byte* causing a huge increase in memory
bloat. This adds a new `lit_binary` to contain a literal of binary data, which
is currently only used by the include_bin! syntax extension. This massively
speeds up compilation times of the shootout-k-nucleotide-pipes test
before:
time: 469s
memory: 6GB
assertion failure in LLVM (section too large)
after:
time: 2.50s
memory: 124MB
Closes#2598
Previously an ExprLit was created *per byte* causing a huge increase in memory
bloat. This adds a new `lit_binary` to contain a literal of binary data, which
is currently only used by the include_bin! syntax extension. This massively
speeds up compilation times of the shootout-k-nucleotide-pipes test
before:
time: 469s
memory: 6GB
assertion failure in LLVM (section too large)
after:
time: 2.50s
memory: 124MB
Closes#2598
r? @metajack rustpkg now makes source files that it checks out automatically read-only, and stores
them under build/.
Also, refactored the `PkgSrc` type to keep track of separate source and destination
workspaces, as well as to have a `build_workspace` method that returns the workspace
to put temporary files in (usually the source, sometimes the destination -- see
comments for more details).
Closes#6480
rustpkg now makes source files that it checks out automatically read-only, and stores
them under build/.
Also, refactored the `PkgSrc` type to keep track of separate source and destination
workspaces, as well as to have a `build_workspace` method that returns the workspace
to put temporary files in (usually the source, sometimes the destination -- see
comments for more details).
Closes#6480
This removes the warning "Note" about visibility not being fully defined, as it
should now be considered fully defined with further bugs being considered just
bugs in the implementation.
This implements the necessary logic for gating particular features off by default in the compiler. There are a number of issues which have been wanting this form of mechanism, and this initially gates features which we have open issues for.
Additionally, this should unblock #9255
A few features are now hidden behind various #[feature(...)] directives. These
include struct-like enum variants, glob imports, and macro_rules! invocations.
Closes#9304Closes#9305Closes#9306Closes#9331
It is simply defined as `f64` across every platform right now.
A use case hasn't been presented for a `float` type defined as the
highest precision floating point type implemented in hardware on the
platform. Performance-wise, using the smallest precision correct for the
use case greatly saves on cache space and allows for fitting more
numbers into SSE/AVX registers.
If there was a use case, this could be implemented as simply a type
alias or a struct thanks to `#[cfg(...)]`.
Closes#6592
The mailing list thread, for reference:
https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/rust-dev/2013-July/004632.html
the switch from package `hello` to `pkg_id` is a little jarring; I'd use `<var>` but I don't see how. ALL_CAPS i.e. PKG_ID seems like a reasonable poor-man's `<var>`.
the switch from package `hello` to `rust_pkg` is a little jarring; I'd use <var> but I don't see how. ALL_CAPS seems like a reasonable poor-man's <var>.
Three things in this commit:
1. Actually build the rustpkg tutorial. I didn't know I needed this when
I first wrote it.
2. Link to it rather than the manual from the
tutorial.
3. Update the headers: most of them were one level too deeply
nested.
Three things in this commit:
1. Actually build the rustpkg tutorial. I didn't know I needed this when
I first wrote it.
2. Link to it rather than the manual from the
tutorial.
3. Update the headers: most of them were one level too deeply
nested.
Many people will be very confused that their debug! statements aren't working
when they first use rust only to learn that they should have been building with
`--cfg debug` the entire time. This inverts the meaning of the flag to instead
of enabling debug statements, now it disables debug statements.
This way the default behavior is a bit more reasonable, and requires less
end-user configuration. Furthermore, this turns on debug by default when
building the rustc compiler.
Many people will be very confused that their debug! statements aren't working
when they first use rust only to learn that they should have been building with
`--cfg debug` the entire time. This inverts the meaning of the flag to instead
of enabling debug statements, now it disables debug statements.
This way the default behavior is a bit more reasonable, and requires less
end-user configuration. Furthermore, this turns on debug by default when
building the rustc compiler.
`deque` -> `ringbuf`, mention `extra::dlist`.
fix reference to vector method `bsearch`. Also convert all output
in example code to use `print!`/`println!`
This commit adds support for `\0` escapes in character and string literals.
Since `\0` is equivalent to `\x00`, this is a direct translation to the latter
escape sequence. Future builds will be able to compile using `\0` directly.
Also updated the grammar specification and added a test for NUL characters.
This doesn't close any bugs as the goal is to convert the parameter to by-value, but this is a step towards being able to make guarantees about `&T` pointers (where T is Freeze) to LLVM.
First shot at a new tutorial for rustpkg. /cc @catamorphism
Right now, I'm linking to my sample package on GitHub, I'm not sure that everyone would be comfortable with me having that there. Maybe under the mozilla org? I think having one to install and hold up as a default makes sense.
This module was removed a while ago, but the tasks tutorial wasn't
updated, and the old docs page for pipes was never deleted so the link
confusingly still worked!
This module was removed a while ago, but the tasks tutorial wasn't
updated, and the old docs page for pipes was never deleted so the link
confusingly still worked!
Remove these in favor of the two traits themselves and the wrapper
function std::from_str::from_str.
Add the function std::num::from_str_radix in the corresponding role for
the FromStrRadix trait.
This is a series of patches to modernize option and result. The highlights are:
* rename `.unwrap_or_default(value)` and etc to `.unwrap_or(value)`
* add `.unwrap_or_default()` that uses the `Default` trait
* add `Default` implementations for vecs, HashMap, Option
* add `Option.and(T) -> Option<T>`, `Option.and_then(&fn() -> Option<T>) -> Option<T>`, `Option.or(T) -> Option<T>`, and `Option.or_else(&fn() -> Option<T>) -> Option<T>`
* add `option::ToOption`, `option::IntoOption`, `option::AsOption`, `result::ToResult`, `result::IntoResult`, `result::AsResult`, `either::ToEither`, and `either::IntoEither`, `either::AsEither`
* renamed `Option::chain*` and `Result::chain*` to `and_then` and `or_else` to avoid the eventual collision with `Iterator.chain`.
* Added a bunch of impls of `Default`
* Added a `#[deriving(Default)]` syntax extension
* Removed impls of `Zero` for `Option<T>` and vecs.
As per rustpkg.md, rustpkg now builds in a target-specific
subdirectory of build/, and installs libraries into a target-specific
subdirectory of lib.
Closes#8672
The old documentation for for loops/expressions has been quite wrong since the change to iterators. This updates the docs to make them relevant to how for loops work now, if not very in-depth. There may be a need for updates giving more depth on how they work, such as detailing what method calls they make, but I don't know enough about the implementation to include that.
The trait will keep the `Iterator` naming, but a more concise module
name makes using the free functions less verbose. The module will define
iterables in addition to iterators, as it deals with iteration in
general.
There are 6 new compiler recognised attributes: deprecated, experimental,
unstable, stable, frozen, locked (these levels are taken directly from
Node's "stability index"[1]). These indicate the stability of the
item to which they are attached; e.g. `#[deprecated] fn foo() { .. }`
says that `foo` is deprecated.
This comes with 3 lints for the first 3 levels (with matching names) that
will detect the use of items marked with them (the `unstable` lint
includes items with no stability attribute). The attributes can be given
a short text note that will be displayed by the lint. An example:
#[warn(unstable)]; // `allow` by default
#[deprecated="use `bar`"]
fn foo() { }
#[stable]
fn bar() { }
fn baz() { }
fn main() {
foo(); // "warning: use of deprecated item: use `bar`"
bar(); // all fine
baz(); // "warning: use of unmarked item"
}
The lints currently only check the "edges" of the AST: i.e. functions,
methods[2], structs and enum variants. Any stability attributes on modules,
enums, traits and impls are not checked.
[1]: http://nodejs.org/api/documentation.html
[2]: the method check is currently incorrect and doesn't work.
Document the fact that the iterator protocol only defines behavior up
until the first None is returned. After this point, iterators are free
to behave how they wish.
Add a new iterator adaptor Fuse<T> that modifies iterators to return
None forever if they returned None once.
in the rust grammar
to avoid error messages like this:
Exception: non-alpha apparent keyword: pub"
when using extract_grammar.py:
python2.7 src/etc/extract_grammar.py <doc/rust.md
Signed-off-by: Jan Kobler <eng1@koblersystems.de>
If they are on the trait then it is extremely annoying to use them as
generic parameters to a function, e.g. with the iterator param on the trait
itself, if one was to pass an Extendable<int> to a function that filled it
either from a Range or a Map<VecIterator>, one needs to write something
like:
fn foo<E: Extendable<int, Range<int>> +
Extendable<int, Map<&'self int, int, VecIterator<int>>>
(e: &mut E, ...) { ... }
since using a generic, i.e. `foo<E: Extendable<int, I>, I: Iterator<int>>`
means that `foo` takes 2 type parameters, and the caller has to specify them
(which doesn't work anyway, as they'll mismatch with the iterators used in
`foo` itself).
This patch changes it to:
fn foo<E: Extendable<int>>(e: &mut E, ...) { ... }
If they are on the trait then it is extremely annoying to use them as
generic parameters to a function, e.g. with the iterator param on the trait
itself, if one was to pass an Extendable<int> to a function that filled it
either from a Range or a Map<VecIterator>, one needs to write something
like:
fn foo<E: Extendable<int, Range<int>> +
Extendable<int, Map<&'self int, int, VecIterator<int>>>
(e: &mut E, ...) { ... }
since using a generic, i.e. `foo<E: Extendable<int, I>, I: Iterator<int>>`
means that `foo` takes 2 type parameters, and the caller has to specify them
(which doesn't work anyway, as they'll mismatch with the iterators used in
`foo` itself).
This patch changes it to:
fn foo<E: Extendable<int>>(e: &mut E, ...) { ... }
r? @graydon Also, notably, make rustpkgtest depend on the rustpkg executable (otherwise, tests that shell out to rustpgk might run when rustpkg doesn't exist).
This commit allows you to write:
extern mod x = "a/b/c";
which means rustc will search in the RUST_PATH for a package with
ID a/b/c, and bind it to the name `x` if it's found.
Incidentally, move get_relative_to from back::rpath into std::path
This is a fairly large rollup, but I've tested everything locally, and none of
it should be platform-specific.
r=alexcrichton (bdfdbdd)
r=brson (d803c18)
r=alexcrichton (a5041d0)
r=bstrie (317412a)
r=alexcrichton (135c85e)
r=thestinger (8805baa)
r=pcwalton (0661178)
r=cmr (9397fe0)
r=cmr (caa4135)
r=cmr (6a21d93)
r=cmr (4dc3379)
r=cmr (0aa5154)
r=cmr (18be261)
r=thestinger (f10be03)
Code like this is fixed now:
```
fn foo(p: [u8, ..4]) {
match p {
[a, b, c, d] => {}
};
}
```
Invalid constructors are not reported as errors yet:
```
fn foo(p: [u8, ..4]) {
match p {
[_, _, _] => {} // this should be error
[_, _, _, _, _, .._] => {} // and this
_ => {}
}
}
```
Issue #8311 is partially fixed by this commit. Fixed-length arrays in
let statement are not yet allowed:
```
let [a, b, c] = [1, 2, 3]; // still fails
```
This module provided adaptors for the old internal iterator protocol,
but they proved to be quite unreadable and are not generic enough to
handle borrowed pointers well.
Since Rust no longer defines an internal iteration protocol, I don't
think there's going to be any reuse via these adaptors.
This is preparation for removing `@fn`.
This does *not* use default methods yet, because I don't know
whether they work. If they do, a forthcoming PR will use them.
This also changes the precedence of `as`.
Change the former repetition::
for 5.times { }
to::
do 5.times { }
.times() cannot be broken with `break` or `return` anymore; for those
cases, use a numerical range loop instead.
r? @graydon Package IDs can now be of the form a/b/c#FOO, where (if a/b/c is
a git repository) FOO is any tag in the repository. Non-numeric
tags only match against package IDs with the same tag, and aren't
compared linearly like numeric versions.
While I was at it, refactored the code that calls `git clone`, and segregated build output properly for different packages.
To be more specific:
`UPPERCASETYPE` was changed to `UppercaseType`
`type_new` was changed to `Type::new`
`type_function(value)` was changed to `value.method()`
