Rollup of 9 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #119592 (resolve: Unload speculatively resolved crates before freezing cstore)
- #120103 (Make it so that async-fn-in-trait is compatible with a concrete future in implementation)
- #120206 (hir: Make sure all `HirId`s have corresponding HIR `Node`s)
- #120214 (match lowering: consistently lower bindings deepest-first)
- #120688 (GVN: also turn moves into copies with projections)
- #120702 (docs: also check the inline stmt during redundant link check)
- #120727 (exhaustiveness: Prefer "`0..MAX` not covered" to "`_` not covered")
- #120734 (Add `SubdiagnosticMessageOp` as a trait alias.)
- #120739 (improve pretty printing for associated items in trait objects)
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
Make it so that async-fn-in-trait is compatible with a concrete future in implementation
There's no technical reason why an AFIT like `async fn foo()` cannot be satisfied with an implementation signature like `fn foo() -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + 'static>>`.
We rejected this previously because we were uncertain about how AFITs worked with refinement, but I don't believe this needs to be a restriction any longer.
r? oli-obk
Stop bailing out from compilation just because there were incoherent traits
fixes#120343
but also has a lot of "type annotations needed" fallout. Some are fixed in the second commit.
Don't expect early-bound region to be local when reporting errors in RPITIT well-formedness
The implicit lifetime in the example code gets replaced with `ReError`, which fails a `sub_regions` check in the lexical region solver. Error reporting ends up calling `is_suitable_region` on an early bound region in the *trait* definition. This causes an ICE because we `expect_local()`.
This is kind of a bad explanation, but this code just makes diagnostics reporting a bit more gracefully fallible. If the reviewer wants a thorough investigation of exactly where we get this region outlives obligation, I can write one up. Doesn't really seem worth it, though, imo.
Fixes#120638Fixes#120648
Rework support for async closures; allow them to return futures that borrow from the closure's captures
This PR implements a new lowering for async closures via `TyKind::CoroutineClosure` which handles the curious relationship between the closure and the coroutine that it returns.
I wrote up a bunch in [this hackmd](https://hackmd.io/`@compiler-errors/S1HvqQxca)` which will be copied to the dev guide after this PR lands, and hopefully left sufficient comments in the source code explaining why this change is as large as it is.
This also necessitates that they begin implementing the `AsyncFn`-family of traits, rather than the `Fn`-family of traits -- if you need `Fn` implementations, you should probably use the non-sugar `|| async {}` syntax instead.
Notably this PR does not yet implement `async Fn()` syntax sugar for bounds, but I expect to add those soon (**edit:** #120392). For now, users must use `AsyncFn()` traits directly, which necessitates adding the `async_fn_traits` feature gate as well. I will add this as a follow-up very soon.
r? oli-obk
This is based on top of #120322, but that PR is minimal.
Introduce support for `async` bound modifier on `Fn*` traits
Adds `async` to the list of `TraitBoundModifiers`, which instructs AST lowering to map the trait to an async flavor of the trait. For now, this is only supported for `Fn*` to `AsyncFn*`, and I expect that this manual mapping via lang items will be replaced with a better system in the future.
The motivation for adding these bounds is to separate the users of async closures from the exact trait desugaring of their callable bounds. Instead of users needing to be concerned with the `AsyncFn` trait, they should be able to write `async Fn()` and it will desugar to whatever underlying trait we decide is best for the lowering of async closures.
Note: rustfmt support can be done in the rustfmt repo after a subtree sync.
Expand the primary span of E0277 when the immediate unmet bound is not what the user wrote:
```
error[E0277]: the trait bound `i32: Bar` is not satisfied
--> f100.rs:6:6
|
6 | <i32 as Foo>::foo();
| ^^^ the trait `Bar` is not implemented for `i32`, which is required by `i32: Foo`
|
help: this trait has no implementations, consider adding one
--> f100.rs:2:1
|
2 | trait Bar {}
| ^^^^^^^^^
note: required for `i32` to implement `Foo`
--> f100.rs:3:14
|
3 | impl<T: Bar> Foo for T {}
| --- ^^^ ^
| |
| unsatisfied trait bound introduced here
```
Fix#40120.
Deduplicate more sized errors on call exprs
Change the implicit `Sized` `Obligation` `Span` for call expressions to include the whole expression. This aids the existing deduplication machinery to reduce the number of errors caused by a single unsized expression.
Don't fire `OPAQUE_HIDDEN_INFERRED_BOUND` on sized return of AFIT
Conceptually, we should probably not fire `OPAQUE_HIDDEN_INFERRED_BOUND` for methods like:
```
trait Foo { async fn bar() -> Self; }
```
Even though we technically cannot prove that `Self: Sized`, which is one of the item bounds of the `Output` type in the `-> impl Future<Output = Sized>` from the async desugaring.
This is somewhat justifiable along the same lines as how we allow regular methods to return `-> Self` even though `Self` isn't sized.
Fixes#113538
(side-note: some days i wonder if we should just remove the `OPAQUE_HIDDEN_INFERRED_BOUND` lint... it does make me sad that we have non-well-formed types in signatures, though.)
Don't manually resolve async closures in `rustc_resolve`
There's a comment here that talks about doing this "[so] closure [args] are detected as upvars rather than normal closure arg usages", but we do upvar analysis on the HIR now:
cd6d8f2a04/compiler/rustc_passes/src/upvars.rs (L21-L29)
Removing this ad-hoc logic makes it so that `async |x: &str|` now introduces an implicit binder, like regular closures.
r? ```@oli-obk```
Add `AsyncFn` family of traits
I'm proposing to add a new family of `async`hronous `Fn`-like traits to the standard library for experimentation purposes.
## Why do we need new traits?
On the user side, it is useful to be able to express `AsyncFn` trait bounds natively via the parenthesized sugar syntax, i.e. `x: impl AsyncFn(&str) -> String` when experimenting with async-closure code.
This also does not preclude `AsyncFn` becoming something else like a trait alias if a more fundamental desugaring (which can take many[^1] different[^2] forms) comes around. I think we should be able to play around with `AsyncFn` well before that, though.
I'm also not proposing stabilization of these trait names any time soon (we may even want to instead express them via new syntax, like `async Fn() -> ..`), but I also don't think we need to introduce an obtuse bikeshedding name, since `AsyncFn` just makes sense.
## The lending problem: why not add a more fundamental primitive of `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut`?
Firstly, for `async` closures to be as flexible as possible, they must be allowed to return futures which borrow from the async closure's captures. This can be done by introducing `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` traits, or (equivalently) by adding a new generic associated type to `FnMut` which allows the return type to capture lifetimes from the `&mut self` argument of the trait. This was proposed in one of [Niko's blog posts](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2023/05/09/giving-lending-and-async-closures/).
Upon further experimentation, for the purposes of closure type- and borrow-checking, I've come to the conclusion that it's significantly harder to teach the compiler how to handle *general* lending closures which may borrow from their captures. This is, because unlike `Fn`/`FnMut`, the `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` traits don't form a simple "inheritance" hierarchy whose top trait is `FnOnce`.
```mermaid
flowchart LR
Fn
FnMut
FnOnce
LendingFn
LendingFnMut
Fn -- isa --> FnMut
FnMut -- isa --> FnOnce
LendingFn -- isa --> LendingFnMut
Fn -- isa --> LendingFn
FnMut -- isa --> LendingFnMut
```
For example:
```
fn main() {
let s = String::from("hello, world");
let f = move || &s;
let x = f(); // This borrows `f` for some lifetime `'1` and returns `&'1 String`.
```
That trait hierarchy means that in general for "lending" closures, like `f` above, there's not really a meaningful return type for `<typeof(f) as FnOnce>::Output` -- it can't return `&'static str`, for example.
### Special-casing this problem:
By splitting out these traits manually, and making sure that each trait has its own associated future type, we side-step the issue of having to answer the questions of a general `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` implementation, since the compiler knows how to generate built-in implementations for first-class constructs like async closures, including the required future types for the (by-move) `AsyncFnOnce` and (by-ref) `AsyncFnMut`/`AsyncFn` trait implementations.
[^1]: For example, with trait transformers, we may eventually be able to write: `trait AsyncFn = async Fn;`
[^2]: For example, via the introduction of a more fundamental "`LendingFn`" trait, plus a [special desugaring with augmented trait aliases](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/213817-t-lang/topic/Lending.20closures.20and.20Fn*.28.29.20-.3E.20impl.20Trait/near/408471480).
Change the implicit `Sized` `Obligation` `Span` for call expressions to
include the whole expression. This aids the existing deduplication
machinery to reduce the number of errors caused by a single unsized
expression.
Change return type of unstable `Waker::noop()` from `Waker` to `&Waker`.
The advantage of this is that it does not need to be assigned to a variable to be used in a `Context` creation, which is the most common thing to want to do with a noop waker. It also avoids unnecessarily executing the dynamically dispatched drop function when the noop waker is dropped.
If an owned noop waker is desired, it can be created by cloning, but the reverse is harder to do since it requires declaring a constant. Alternatively, both versions could be provided, like `futures::task::noop_waker()` and `futures::task::noop_waker_ref()`, but that seems to me to be API clutter for a very small benefit, whereas having the `&'static` reference available is a large reduction in boilerplate.
[Previous discussion on the tracking issue starting here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/98286#issuecomment-1862159766)
Don't ICE when deducing future output if other errors already occurred
The situation can't really happen outside of erroneous code. What was interesting is that it ICEd before emitting any other diagnostics. This was because the other errors were silenced due to cycle_delay_bug cycle errors.
r? ```@compiler-errors```
fixes#119890
Silence some follow-up errors [3/x]
this is one piece of the requested cleanups from https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/117449
Keep error types around, even in obligations.
These help silence follow-up errors, as we now figure out that some types (most notably inference variables) are equal to an error type.
But it also allows figuring out more types in the presence of errors, possibly causing more errors.
