rust/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/query/job.rs

use crate::query::plumbing::CycleError;
use crate::query::{QueryContext, QueryStackFrame};
use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;

use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
use rustc_errors::{
    struct_span_err, Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed, Handler, Level,
};
use rustc_session::Session;
use rustc_span::Span;

use std::hash::Hash;
use std::num::NonZeroU64;

#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
use {
    parking_lot::{Condvar, Mutex},
    rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet,
    rustc_data_structures::sync::Lock,
    rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc,
    rustc_data_structures::{jobserver, OnDrop},
    rustc_rayon_core as rayon_core,
    rustc_span::DUMMY_SP,
    std::iter::{self, FromIterator},
    std::{mem, process},
};

/// Represents a span and a query key.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct QueryInfo {
    /// The span corresponding to the reason for which this query was required.
    pub span: Span,
    pub query: QueryStackFrame,
}

pub type QueryMap = FxHashMap<QueryJobId, QueryJobInfo>;

/// A value uniquely identifying an active query job.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
pub struct QueryJobId(pub NonZeroU64);

impl QueryJobId {
    fn query(self, map: &QueryMap) -> QueryStackFrame {
        map.get(&self).unwrap().query.clone()
    }

    #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
    fn span(self, map: &QueryMap) -> Span {
        map.get(&self).unwrap().job.span
    }

    #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
    fn parent(self, map: &QueryMap) -> Option<QueryJobId> {
        map.get(&self).unwrap().job.parent
    }

    #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
    fn latch<'a>(self, map: &'a QueryMap) -> Option<&'a QueryLatch> {
        map.get(&self).unwrap().job.latch.as_ref()
    }
}

pub struct QueryJobInfo {
    pub query: QueryStackFrame,
    pub job: QueryJob,
}

/// Represents an active query job.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct QueryJob {
    pub id: QueryJobId,

    /// The span corresponding to the reason for which this query was required.
    pub span: Span,

    /// The parent query job which created this job and is implicitly waiting on it.
    pub parent: Option<QueryJobId>,

    /// The latch that is used to wait on this job.
    #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
    latch: Option<QueryLatch>,
}

impl QueryJob {
    /// Creates a new query job.
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(id: QueryJobId, span: Span, parent: Option<QueryJobId>) -> Self {
        QueryJob {
            id,
            span,
            parent,
            #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
            latch: None,
        }
    }

    #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
    pub(super) fn latch(&mut self) -> QueryLatch {
        if self.latch.is_none() {
            self.latch = Some(QueryLatch::new());
        }
        self.latch.as_ref().unwrap().clone()
    }

    /// Signals to waiters that the query is complete.
    ///
    /// This does nothing for single threaded rustc,
    /// as there are no concurrent jobs which could be waiting on us
    #[inline]
    pub fn signal_complete(self) {
        #[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
        {
            if let Some(latch) = self.latch {
                latch.set();
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(not(parallel_compiler))]
impl QueryJobId {
    #[cold]
    #[inline(never)]
    pub(super) fn find_cycle_in_stack(
        &self,
        query_map: QueryMap,
        current_job: &Option<QueryJobId>,
        span: Span,
    ) -> CycleError {
        // Find the waitee amongst `current_job` parents
        let mut cycle = Vec::new();
        let mut current_job = Option::clone(current_job);

        while let Some(job) = current_job {
            let info = query_map.get(&job).unwrap();
            cycle.push(QueryInfo { span: info.job.span, query: info.query.clone() });

            if job == *self {
                cycle.reverse();

                // This is the end of the cycle
                // The span entry we included was for the usage
                // of the cycle itself, and not part of the cycle
                // Replace it with the span which caused the cycle to form
                cycle[0].span = span;
                // Find out why the cycle itself was used
                let usage = info
                    .job
                    .parent
                    .as_ref()
                    .map(|parent| (info.job.span, parent.query(&query_map)));
                return CycleError { usage, cycle };
            }

            current_job = info.job.parent;
        }

        panic!("did not find a cycle")
    }
}

#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
struct QueryWaiter {
    query: Option<QueryJobId>,
    condvar: Condvar,
    span: Span,
    cycle: Lock<Option<CycleError>>,
}

#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
impl QueryWaiter {
    fn notify(&self, registry: &rayon_core::Registry) {
        rayon_core::mark_unblocked(registry);
        self.condvar.notify_one();
    }
}

#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
struct QueryLatchInfo {
    complete: bool,
    waiters: Vec<Lrc<QueryWaiter>>,
}

#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
#[derive(Clone)]
pub(super) struct QueryLatch {
    info: Lrc<Mutex<QueryLatchInfo>>,
}

#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
impl QueryLatch {
    fn new() -> Self {
        QueryLatch {
            info: Lrc::new(Mutex::new(QueryLatchInfo { complete: false, waiters: Vec::new() })),
        }
    }

    /// Awaits for the query job to complete.
    pub(super) fn wait_on(&self, query: Option<QueryJobId>, span: Span) -> Result<(), CycleError> {
        let waiter =
            Lrc::new(QueryWaiter { query, span, cycle: Lock::new(None), condvar: Condvar::new() });
        self.wait_on_inner(&waiter);
        // FIXME: Get rid of this lock. We have ownership of the QueryWaiter
        // although another thread may still have a Lrc reference so we cannot
        // use Lrc::get_mut
        let mut cycle = waiter.cycle.lock();
        match cycle.take() {
            None => Ok(()),
            Some(cycle) => Err(cycle),
        }
    }

    /// Awaits the caller on this latch by blocking the current thread.
    fn wait_on_inner(&self, waiter: &Lrc<QueryWaiter>) {
        let mut info = self.info.lock();
        if !info.complete {
            // We push the waiter on to the `waiters` list. It can be accessed inside
            // the `wait` call below, by 1) the `set` method or 2) by deadlock detection.
            // Both of these will remove it from the `waiters` list before resuming
            // this thread.
            info.waiters.push(waiter.clone());

            // If this detects a deadlock and the deadlock handler wants to resume this thread
            // we have to be in the `wait` call. This is ensured by the deadlock handler
            // getting the self.info lock.
            rayon_core::mark_blocked();
            jobserver::release_thread();
            waiter.condvar.wait(&mut info);
            // Release the lock before we potentially block in `acquire_thread`
            mem::drop(info);
            jobserver::acquire_thread();
        }
    }

    /// Sets the latch and resumes all waiters on it
    fn set(&self) {
        let mut info = self.info.lock();
        debug_assert!(!info.complete);
        info.complete = true;
        let registry = rayon_core::Registry::current();
        for waiter in info.waiters.drain(..) {
            waiter.notify(&registry);
        }
    }

    /// Removes a single waiter from the list of waiters.
    /// This is used to break query cycles.
    fn extract_waiter(&self, waiter: usize) -> Lrc<QueryWaiter> {
        let mut info = self.info.lock();
        debug_assert!(!info.complete);
        // Remove the waiter from the list of waiters
        info.waiters.remove(waiter)
    }
}

/// A resumable waiter of a query. The usize is the index into waiters in the query's latch
#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
type Waiter = (QueryJobId, usize);

/// Visits all the non-resumable and resumable waiters of a query.
/// Only waiters in a query are visited.
/// `visit` is called for every waiter and is passed a query waiting on `query_ref`
/// and a span indicating the reason the query waited on `query_ref`.
/// If `visit` returns Some, this function returns.
/// For visits of non-resumable waiters it returns the return value of `visit`.
/// For visits of resumable waiters it returns Some(Some(Waiter)) which has the
/// required information to resume the waiter.
/// If all `visit` calls returns None, this function also returns None.
#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
fn visit_waiters<F>(query_map: &QueryMap, query: QueryJobId, mut visit: F) -> Option<Option<Waiter>>
where
    F: FnMut(Span, QueryJobId) -> Option<Option<Waiter>>,
{
    // Visit the parent query which is a non-resumable waiter since it's on the same stack
    if let Some(parent) = query.parent(query_map) {
        if let Some(cycle) = visit(query.span(query_map), parent) {
            return Some(cycle);
        }
    }

    // Visit the explicit waiters which use condvars and are resumable
    if let Some(latch) = query.latch(query_map) {
        for (i, waiter) in latch.info.lock().waiters.iter().enumerate() {
            if let Some(waiter_query) = waiter.query {
                if visit(waiter.span, waiter_query).is_some() {
                    // Return a value which indicates that this waiter can be resumed
                    return Some(Some((query, i)));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    None
}

/// Look for query cycles by doing a depth first search starting at `query`.
/// `span` is the reason for the `query` to execute. This is initially DUMMY_SP.
/// If a cycle is detected, this initial value is replaced with the span causing
/// the cycle.
#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
fn cycle_check(
    query_map: &QueryMap,
    query: QueryJobId,
    span: Span,
    stack: &mut Vec<(Span, QueryJobId)>,
    visited: &mut FxHashSet<QueryJobId>,
) -> Option<Option<Waiter>> {
    if !visited.insert(query) {
        return if let Some(p) = stack.iter().position(|q| q.1 == query) {
            // We detected a query cycle, fix up the initial span and return Some

            // Remove previous stack entries
            stack.drain(0..p);
            // Replace the span for the first query with the cycle cause
            stack[0].0 = span;
            Some(None)
        } else {
            None
        };
    }

    // Query marked as visited is added it to the stack
    stack.push((span, query));

    // Visit all the waiters
    let r = visit_waiters(query_map, query, |span, successor| {
        cycle_check(query_map, successor, span, stack, visited)
    });

    // Remove the entry in our stack if we didn't find a cycle
    if r.is_none() {
        stack.pop();
    }

    r
}

/// Finds out if there's a path to the compiler root (aka. code which isn't in a query)
/// from `query` without going through any of the queries in `visited`.
/// This is achieved with a depth first search.
#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
fn connected_to_root(
    query_map: &QueryMap,
    query: QueryJobId,
    visited: &mut FxHashSet<QueryJobId>,
) -> bool {
    // We already visited this or we're deliberately ignoring it
    if !visited.insert(query) {
        return false;
    }

    // This query is connected to the root (it has no query parent), return true
    if query.parent(query_map).is_none() {
        return true;
    }

    visit_waiters(query_map, query, |_, successor| {
        connected_to_root(query_map, successor, visited).then_some(None)
    })
    .is_some()
}

// Deterministically pick an query from a list
#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
fn pick_query<'a, T, F>(query_map: &QueryMap, queries: &'a [T], f: F) -> &'a T
where
    F: Fn(&T) -> (Span, QueryJobId),
{
    // Deterministically pick an entry point
    // FIXME: Sort this instead
    queries
        .iter()
        .min_by_key(|v| {
            let (span, query) = f(v);
            let hash = query.query(query_map).hash;
            // Prefer entry points which have valid spans for nicer error messages
            // We add an integer to the tuple ensuring that entry points
            // with valid spans are picked first
            let span_cmp = if span == DUMMY_SP { 1 } else { 0 };
            (span_cmp, hash)
        })
        .unwrap()
}

/// Looks for query cycles starting from the last query in `jobs`.
/// If a cycle is found, all queries in the cycle is removed from `jobs` and
/// the function return true.
/// If a cycle was not found, the starting query is removed from `jobs` and
/// the function returns false.
#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
fn remove_cycle(
    query_map: &QueryMap,
    jobs: &mut Vec<QueryJobId>,
    wakelist: &mut Vec<Lrc<QueryWaiter>>,
) -> bool {
    let mut visited = FxHashSet::default();
    let mut stack = Vec::new();
    // Look for a cycle starting with the last query in `jobs`
    if let Some(waiter) =
        cycle_check(query_map, jobs.pop().unwrap(), DUMMY_SP, &mut stack, &mut visited)
    {
        // The stack is a vector of pairs of spans and queries; reverse it so that
        // the earlier entries require later entries
        let (mut spans, queries): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = stack.into_iter().rev().unzip();

        // Shift the spans so that queries are matched with the span for their waitee
        spans.rotate_right(1);

        // Zip them back together
        let mut stack: Vec<_> = iter::zip(spans, queries).collect();

        // Remove the queries in our cycle from the list of jobs to look at
        for r in &stack {
            if let Some(pos) = jobs.iter().position(|j| j == &r.1) {
                jobs.remove(pos);
            }
        }

        // Find the queries in the cycle which are
        // connected to queries outside the cycle
        let entry_points = stack
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|&(span, query)| {
                if query.parent(query_map).is_none() {
                    // This query is connected to the root (it has no query parent)
                    Some((span, query, None))
                } else {
                    let mut waiters = Vec::new();
                    // Find all the direct waiters who lead to the root
                    visit_waiters(query_map, query, |span, waiter| {
                        // Mark all the other queries in the cycle as already visited
                        let mut visited = FxHashSet::from_iter(stack.iter().map(|q| q.1));

                        if connected_to_root(query_map, waiter, &mut visited) {
                            waiters.push((span, waiter));
                        }

                        None
                    });
                    if waiters.is_empty() {
                        None
                    } else {
                        // Deterministically pick one of the waiters to show to the user
                        let waiter = *pick_query(query_map, &waiters, |s| *s);
                        Some((span, query, Some(waiter)))
                    }
                }
            })
            .collect::<Vec<(Span, QueryJobId, Option<(Span, QueryJobId)>)>>();

        // Deterministically pick an entry point
        let (_, entry_point, usage) = pick_query(query_map, &entry_points, |e| (e.0, e.1));

        // Shift the stack so that our entry point is first
        let entry_point_pos = stack.iter().position(|(_, query)| query == entry_point);
        if let Some(pos) = entry_point_pos {
            stack.rotate_left(pos);
        }

        let usage = usage.as_ref().map(|(span, query)| (*span, query.query(query_map)));

        // Create the cycle error
        let error = CycleError {
            usage,
            cycle: stack
                .iter()
                .map(|&(s, ref q)| QueryInfo { span: s, query: q.query(query_map) })
                .collect(),
        };

        // We unwrap `waiter` here since there must always be one
        // edge which is resumable / waited using a query latch
        let (waitee_query, waiter_idx) = waiter.unwrap();

        // Extract the waiter we want to resume
        let waiter = waitee_query.latch(query_map).unwrap().extract_waiter(waiter_idx);

        // Set the cycle error so it will be picked up when resumed
        *waiter.cycle.lock() = Some(error);

        // Put the waiter on the list of things to resume
        wakelist.push(waiter);

        true
    } else {
        false
    }
}

/// Detects query cycles by using depth first search over all active query jobs.
/// If a query cycle is found it will break the cycle by finding an edge which
/// uses a query latch and then resuming that waiter.
/// There may be multiple cycles involved in a deadlock, so this searches
/// all active queries for cycles before finally resuming all the waiters at once.
#[cfg(parallel_compiler)]
pub fn deadlock(query_map: QueryMap, registry: &rayon_core::Registry) {
    let on_panic = OnDrop(|| {
        eprintln!("deadlock handler panicked, aborting process");
        process::abort();
    });

    let mut wakelist = Vec::new();
    let mut jobs: Vec<QueryJobId> = query_map.keys().cloned().collect();

    let mut found_cycle = false;

    while jobs.len() > 0 {
        if remove_cycle(&query_map, &mut jobs, &mut wakelist) {
            found_cycle = true;
        }
    }

    // Check that a cycle was found. It is possible for a deadlock to occur without
    // a query cycle if a query which can be waited on uses Rayon to do multithreading
    // internally. Such a query (X) may be executing on 2 threads (A and B) and A may
    // wait using Rayon on B. Rayon may then switch to executing another query (Y)
    // which in turn will wait on X causing a deadlock. We have a false dependency from
    // X to Y due to Rayon waiting and a true dependency from Y to X. The algorithm here
    // only considers the true dependency and won't detect a cycle.
    assert!(found_cycle);

    // FIXME: Ensure this won't cause a deadlock before we return
    for waiter in wakelist.into_iter() {
        waiter.notify(registry);
    }

    on_panic.disable();
}

#[inline(never)]
#[cold]
pub(crate) fn report_cycle<'a>(
    sess: &'a Session,
    CycleError { usage, cycle: stack }: CycleError,
) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'a, ErrorGuaranteed> {
    assert!(!stack.is_empty());

    let span = stack[0].query.default_span(stack[1 % stack.len()].span);
    let mut err =
        struct_span_err!(sess, span, E0391, "cycle detected when {}", stack[0].query.description);

    for i in 1..stack.len() {
        let query = &stack[i].query;
        let span = query.default_span(stack[(i + 1) % stack.len()].span);
        err.span_note(span, &format!("...which requires {}...", query.description));
    }

    if stack.len() == 1 {
        err.note(&format!("...which immediately requires {} again", stack[0].query.description));
    } else {
        err.note(&format!(
            "...which again requires {}, completing the cycle",
            stack[0].query.description
        ));
    }

    if stack.iter().all(|entry| {
        entry
            .query
            .def_kind
            .map_or(false, |def_kind| matches!(def_kind, DefKind::TyAlias | DefKind::TraitAlias))
    }) {
        if stack.iter().all(|entry| {
            entry.query.def_kind.map_or(false, |def_kind| matches!(def_kind, DefKind::TyAlias))
        }) {
            err.note("type aliases cannot be recursive");
            err.help("consider using a struct, enum, or union instead to break the cycle");
            err.help("see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types.html#recursive-types> for more information");
        } else {
            err.note("trait aliases cannot be recursive");
        }
    }

    if let Some((span, query)) = usage {
        err.span_note(query.default_span(span), &format!("cycle used when {}", query.description));
    }

    err
}

pub fn print_query_stack<CTX: QueryContext>(
    tcx: CTX,
    mut current_query: Option<QueryJobId>,
    handler: &Handler,
    num_frames: Option<usize>,
) -> usize {
    // Be careful relying on global state here: this code is called from
    // a panic hook, which means that the global `Handler` may be in a weird
    // state if it was responsible for triggering the panic.
    let mut i = 0;
    let query_map = tcx.try_collect_active_jobs();

    while let Some(query) = current_query {
        if Some(i) == num_frames {
            break;
        }
        let Some(query_info) = query_map.as_ref().and_then(|map| map.get(&query)) else {
            break;
        };
        let mut diag = Diagnostic::new(
            Level::FailureNote,
            &format!("#{} [{}] {}", i, query_info.query.name, query_info.query.description),
        );
        diag.span = query_info.job.span.into();
        handler.force_print_diagnostic(diag);

        current_query = query_info.job.parent;
        i += 1;
    }

    i
}