Buku

Buku in action!

Introduction

buku is a powerful bookmark manager written in Python3 and SQLite3. When I started writing it, I couldn't find a flexible command-line solution with a private, portable, merge-able database along with seamless GUI integration. Hence, Buku (after my son's nickname, meaning close to the heart in my language).

bukuserver exposes a browsable front-end on a local web host server.

buku can auto-import bookmarks from your browser(s) or fetch the title and description of a bookmarked url from the web. You can use your favourite editor to compose and update bookmarks. With multiple search options, including regex and a deep scan mode (particularly for URLs), it can find any bookmark instantly. buku can look up the latest snapshot of a broken link on the Wayback Machine. There's an Easter egg to revisit random forgotten bookmarks too! Buku is too busy to track you: no hidden history, obsolete records, usage analytics or homing.

To get started right away, jump to the Quickstart section. We have one of the best documentation around. You'll find handy examples in the man page too. For more details, please refer to the wiki page on operational notes.

There are several projects based on buku, including a browser plug-in.

Love smart and efficient utilities? Explore my repositories. Buy me a cup of coffee if they help you.

Table of Contents

• Features
• Installation
  • Dependencies
  • From a package manager
  • Release packages
  • From source
  • Running standalone
• Shell completion
• Usage
  • Command-line options
  • Colors
• Quickstart
• Examples
• Automation
• Troubleshooting
  • Editor integration
• Collaborators
• Contributions
• Related projects
• In the Press

Features

• Store bookmarks with auto-fetched title, tags and description
• Auto-import from Firefox, Google Chrome and Chromium
• Open bookmarks and search results in browser
• Shorten, expand URLs, browse cached page from Wayback Machine
• Text editor integration
• Lightweight, clean interface, custom colors
• Powerful search options (regex, substring...)
• Continuous search with on the fly mode switch
• Portable, merge-able database to sync between systems
• Import/export bookmarks from/to HTML, Markdown or Orgfile
• Smart tag management using redirection (>>, >, <<)
• Multithreaded full DB refresh, manual encryption support
• Shell completion scripts, man page with handy examples

Installation

Dependencies

Feature	Dependency
Scripting language	Python 3.4+
HTTPS	certifi, urllib3
Encryption	cryptography
HTML	beautifulsoup4, html5lib

To install package dependencies using pip3, run:

# pip3 install certifi urllib3 cryptography beautifulsoup4

or on Ubuntu:

# apt-get install ca-certificates python3-urllib3 python3-cryptography python3-bs4

To copy url to clipboard at the prompt Buku uses xsel (or xclip) on Linux, pbcopy (default installed) on OS X, clip (default installed) on Windows, termux-clipboard on Termux (terminal emulation for Android). If X11 is missing, GNU Screen or tmux copy-paste buffers are recognized.

From a package manager

• AUR (yay -S buku)
• Debian (apt-get install buku)
• Fedora (dnf install buku)
• FreeBSD (pkg install www/py-buku)
• Gentoo (emerge buku)
• macOS/Homebrew (brew install buku)
• NixOS (nix-env -i buku)
• OpenBSD (pkg_add buku)
• openSUSE (zypper in python3-buku)
• PyPI (pip3 install buku)
• Raspbian Testing (apt-get install buku)
• Slackware (slackpkg install buku)
• Termux (pip3 install buku)
• Ubuntu (apt-get install buku)
• Ubuntu PPA (apt-get install buku)
• Void Linux (xbps-install -S buku)

Release packages

Packages for Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, openSUSE Leap and Ubuntu are available with the latest stable release.

NOTE: CentOS may not have the python3-beautifulsoup4 package in the repos. Install it using pip3.

From source

If you have git installed, clone this repository. Otherwise download the latest stable release or development version (risky).

Install to default location (/usr/local):

$ sudo make install

To remove, run:

$ sudo make uninstall

PREFIX is supported, in case you want to install to a different location.

Running standalone

buku is a standalone utility. From the containing directory, run:

$ chmod +x buku
$ ./buku

Shell completion

Shell completion scripts for Bash, Fish and Zsh can be found in respective subdirectories of auto-completion/. Please refer to your shell's manual for installation instructions.

Usage

Command-line options

usage: buku [OPTIONS] [KEYWORD [KEYWORD ...]]

Bookmark manager like a text-based mini-web.

POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS:
      KEYWORD              search keywords

GENERAL OPTIONS:
      -a, --add URL [tag, ...]
                           bookmark URL with comma-separated tags
      -u, --update [...]   update fields of an existing bookmark
                           accepts indices and ranges
                           refresh title and desc if no edit options
                           if no arguments:
                           - update results when used with search
                           - otherwise refresh all titles and desc
      -w, --write [editor|index]
                           open editor to edit a fresh bookmark
                           edit last bookmark, if index=-1
                           to specify index, EDITOR must be set
      -d, --delete [...]   remove bookmarks from DB
                           accepts indices or a single range
                           if no arguments:
                           - delete results when used with search
                           - otherwise delete all bookmarks
      -h, --help           show this information and exit
      -v, --version        show the program version and exit

EDIT OPTIONS:
      --url keyword        bookmark link
      --tag [+|-] [...]    comma-separated tags
                           clear bookmark tagset, if no arguments
                           '+' appends to, '-' removes from tagset
      --title [...]        bookmark title; if no arguments:
                           -a: do not set title, -u: clear title
      -c, --comment [...]  notes or description of the bookmark
                           clears description, if no arguments
      --immutable N        disable web-fetch during auto-refresh
                           N=0: mutable (default), N=1: immutable

SEARCH OPTIONS:
      -s, --sany [...]     find records with ANY matching keyword
                           this is the default search option
      -S, --sall [...]     find records matching ALL the keywords
                           special keywords -
                           "blank": entries with empty title/tag
                           "immutable": entries with locked title
      --deep               match substrings ('pen' matches 'opens')
      -r, --sreg expr      run a regex search
      -t, --stag [tag [,|+] ...] [- tag, ...]
                           search bookmarks by tags
                           use ',' to find entries matching ANY tag
                           use '+' to find entries matching ALL tags
                           excludes entries with tags after ' - '
                           list all tags, if no search keywords
      -x, --exclude [...]  omit records matching specified keywords

ENCRYPTION OPTIONS:
      -l, --lock [N]       encrypt DB in N (default 8) # iterations
      -k, --unlock [N]     decrypt DB in N (default 8) # iterations

POWER TOYS:
      --ai                 auto-import from Firefox/Chrome/Chromium
      -e, --export file    export bookmarks to Firefox format HTML
                           export Markdown, if file ends with '.md'
                           format: [title](url), 1 entry per line
                           export Orgfile, if file ends with '.org'
                           format: *[[url][title]], 1 entry per line
                           export buku DB, if file ends with '.db'
                           combines with search results, if opted
      -i, --import file    import bookmarks based on file extension
                           supports 'html', 'json', 'md', 'org', 'db'
      -p, --print [...]    show record details by indices, ranges
                           print all bookmarks, if no arguments
                           -n shows the last n results (like tail)
      -f, --format N       limit fields in -p or JSON search output
                           N=1: URL, N=2: URL and tag, N=3: title,
                           N=4: URL, title and tag. To omit DB index,
                           use N0, e.g., 10, 20, 30, 40.
      -j, --json           JSON formatted output for -p and search
      --colors COLORS      set output colors in five-letter string
      --nc                 disable color output
      -n, --count N        show N results per page (default 10)
      --np                 do not show the prompt, run and exit
      -o, --open [...]     browse bookmarks by indices and ranges
                           open a random bookmark, if no arguments
      --oa                 browse all search results immediately
      --replace old new    replace old tag with new tag everywhere
                           delete old tag, if new tag not specified
      --shorten index|URL  fetch shortened url from tny.im service
      --expand index|URL   expand a tny.im shortened url
      --cached index|URL   browse a cached page from Wayback Machine
      --suggest            show similar tags when adding bookmarks
      --tacit              reduce verbosity
      --threads N          max network connections in full refresh
                           default N=4, min N=1, max N=10
      -V                   check latest upstream version available
      -z, --debug          show debug information and verbose logs

SYMBOLS:
      >                    url
      +                    comment
      #                    tags

PROMPT KEYS:
    1-N                    browse search result indices and/or ranges
    O [id|range [...]]     open search results/indices in GUI browser
                           toggle try GUI browser if no arguments
    a                      open all results in browser
    s keyword [...]        search for records with ANY keyword
    S keyword [...]        search for records with ALL keywords
    d                      match substrings ('pen' matches 'opened')
    r expression           run a regex search
    t [tag, ...]           search by tags; show taglist, if no args
    g taglist id|range [...] [>>|>|<<] [record id|range ...]
                           append, set, remove (all or specific) tags
                           search by taglist id(s) if records are omitted
    n                      show next page of search results
    o id|range [...]       browse bookmarks by indices and/or ranges
    p id|range [...]       print bookmarks by indices and/or ranges
    w [editor|id]          edit and add or update a bookmark
    c id                   copy url at search result index to clipboard
    ?                      show this help
    q, ^D, double Enter    exit buku

Colors

buku supports custom colors. Visit the wiki page on how to customize colors for more details.

Quickstart

1. Export VISUAL or EDITOR to point to your favourite editor. Note that VISUAL takes precedence over EDITOR.

2. Create a sweeter shortcut with some convenience.

   alias b='buku --suggest'
   

3. Auto-import bookmarks from your browser(s).

   b --ai
   

4. Manually add a bookmark (for hands-on).

   b -w
   

5. List your bookmarks with DB index.

   b -p
   

6. For GUI and browser integration (or to sync bookmarks with your favourite bookmark management service) refer to the wiki page on System integration.

Examples

1. Edit and add a bookmark from editor:

   $ buku -w
   $ buku -w 'gedit -w'
   $ buku -w 'macvim -f' -a https://ddg.gg search engine, privacy
   

   The first command picks editor from the environment variable EDITOR. The second command opens gedit in blocking mode. The third command opens macvim with option -f and the URL and tags populated in template.

2. Add a bookmark with tags search engine and privacy, comment Search engine with perks, fetch page title from the web:

   $ buku -a https://ddg.gg search engine, privacy -c Search engine with perks
   336. DuckDuckGo
   > https://ddg.gg
   + Alternative search engine with perks
   # privacy,search engine
   

   where, >: url, +: comment, #: tags

3. Add a bookmark with tags search engine & privacy and immutable custom title DDG:

   $ buku -a https://ddg.gg search engine, privacy --title 'DDG' --immutable 1
   336. DDG (L)
   > https://ddg.gg
   # privacy,search engine
   

   Note that URL must precede tags.

4. Add a bookmark without a title (works for update too):

   $ buku -a https://ddg.gg search engine, privacy --title
   

5. Edit and update a bookmark from editor:

   $ buku -w 15012014
   

   This will open the existing bookmark's details in the editor for modifications. Environment variable EDITOR must be set.

6. Update existing bookmark at index 15012014 with new URL, tags and comments, fetch title from the web:

   $ buku -u 15012014 --url http://ddg.gg/ --tag web search, utilities -c Private search engine
   

7. Fetch and update only title for bookmark at 15012014:

   $ buku -u 15012014
   

8. Update only comment for bookmark at 15012014:

   $ buku -u 15012014 -c this is a new comment
   

   Applies to --url, --title and --tag too.

9. Export bookmarks tagged tag 1 or tag 2 to HTML, Markdown, Orgfile or a new database:

   $ buku -e bookmarks.html --stag tag 1, tag 2
   $ buku -e bookmarks.md --stag tag 1, tag 2
   $ buku -e bookmarks.org --stag tag 1, tag 2
   $ buku -e bookmarks.db --stag tag 1, tag 2
   

   All bookmarks are exported if search is not opted.

10. Import bookmarks from HTML, Markdown or Orgfile:

    $ buku -i bookmarks.html
    $ buku -i bookmarks.md
    $ buku -i bookmarks.org
    $ buku -i bookmarks.db
    

11. Delete only comment for bookmark at 15012014:

    $ buku -u 15012014 -c
    

    Applies to --title and --tag too. URL cannot be deleted without deleting the bookmark.

12. Update or refresh full DB with page titles from the web:

    $ buku -u
    $ buku -u --tacit (show only failures and exceptions)
    

    This operation can update the title or description fields of non-immutable bookmarks by parsing the fetched page. Fields are updated only if the fetched fields are non-empty. Tags remain untouched.

13. Delete bookmark at index 15012014:

    $ buku -d 15012014
    Index 15012020 moved to 15012014
    

    The last index is moved to the deleted index to keep the DB compact.

14. Delete all bookmarks:

    $ buku -d
    

15. Delete a range or list of bookmarks:

    $ buku -d 100-200
    $ buku -d 100 15 200
    

16. Search bookmarks for ANY of the keywords kernel and debugging in URL, title or tags:

    $ buku kernel debugging
    $ buku -s kernel debugging
    

17. Search bookmarks with ALL the keywords kernel and debugging in URL, title or tags:

    $ buku -S kernel debugging
    

18. Search bookmarks tagged general kernel concepts:

    $ buku --stag general kernel concepts
    

19. Search for bookmarks matching ANY of the tags kernel, debugging, general kernel concepts:

    $ buku --stag kernel, debugging, general kernel concepts
    

20. Search for bookmarks matching ALL of the tags kernel, debugging, general kernel concepts:

    $ buku --stag kernel + debugging + general kernel concepts
    

21. Search for bookmarks matching any of the keywords hello or world, excluding the keywords real and life, matching both the tags kernel and debugging, but excluding the tags general kernel concepts and books:

    $ buku hello world --exclude real life --stag 'kernel + debugging - general kernel concepts, books'
    

22. List all unique tags alphabetically:

    $ buku --stag
    

23. Run a search and update the results:

    $ buku -s kernel debugging -u --tag + linux kernel
    

24. Run a search and delete the results:

    $ buku -s kernel debugging -d
    

25. Encrypt or decrypt DB with custom number of iterations (15) to generate key:

    $ buku -l 15
    $ buku -k 15
    

    The same number of iterations must be specified for one lock & unlock instance. Default is 8, if omitted.

26. Show details of bookmarks at index 15012014 and ranges 20-30, 40-50:

    $ buku -p 20-30 15012014 40-50
    

27. Show details of the last 10 bookmarks:

    $ buku -p -10
    

28. Show all bookmarks with real index from database:

    $ buku -p
    $ buku -p | more
    

29. Replace tag 'old tag' with 'new tag':

    $ buku --replace 'old tag' 'new tag'
    

30. Delete tag 'old tag' from DB:

    $ buku --replace 'old tag'
    

31. Append (or delete) tags 'tag 1', 'tag 2' to (or from) existing tags of bookmark at index 15012014:

    $ buku -u 15012014 --tag + tag 1, tag 2
    $ buku -u 15012014 --tag - tag 1, tag 2
    

32. Open URL at index 15012014 in browser:

    $ buku -o 15012014
    

33. List bookmarks with no title or tags for bookkeeping:

    $ buku -S blank
    

34. List bookmarks with immutable title:

    $ buku -S immutable
    

35. Shorten URL www.google.com and the URL at index 20:

    $ buku --shorten www.google.com
    $ buku --shorten 20
    

36. Append, remove tags at prompt (taglist index to the left, bookmark index to the right):

    // append tags at taglist indices 4 and 6-9 to existing tags in bookmarks at indices 5 and 2-3
    buku (? for help) g 4 9-6 >> 5 3-2
    // set tags at taglist indices 4 and 6-9 as tags in bookmarks at indices 5 and 2-3
    buku (? for help) g 4 9-6 > 5 3-2
    // remove all tags from bookmarks at indices 5 and 2-3
    buku (? for help) g > 5 3-2
    // remove tags at taglist indices 4 and 6-9 from tags in bookmarks at indices 5 and 2-3
    buku (? for help) g 4 9-6 << 5 3-2
    

37. List bookmarks with colored output:

    $ buku --colors oKlxm -p
    

38. More help:

    $ buku -h
    $ man buku
    

Automation

Interactive workflows can be automated using expect. Issue #368 has a working example on automating auto-import.

Troubleshooting

Editor integration

You may encounter issues with GUI editors which maintain only one instance by default and return immediately from other instances. Use the appropriate editor option to block the caller when a new document is opened. See issue #210 for gedit.

Collaborators

• Arun Prakash Jana
• Rachmadani Haryono
• Johnathan Jenkins
• SZ Lin

Copyright © 2015-2019 Arun Prakash Jana

Contributions

Missing a feature? There's a rolling ToDo List with identified tasks. Contributions are welcome! Please follow the PR guidelines.

Related projects

• bukubrow, WebExtension for browser integration
• oil, search-as-you-type cli front-end
• buku_run, rofi front-end
• pinku, a Pinboard-to-Buku import utility
• buku-dmenu, a simple bash dmenu wrapper

In the Press

• 2daygeek
• It's F.O.S.S.
• LinOxide
• LinuxUser Magazine 01/2017 Issue
• Make Tech Easier
• One Thing Well
• Open Source For You
• ulno.net