.TH "BUKU" "1" "Feb 2017" "Version 2.9" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
buku \- Powerful command-line bookmark manager. Your mini web!
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B buku [OPTIONS] [KEYWORD [KEYWORD ...]]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B buku
is a command-line utility to store, tag, search and organize bookmarks.
.PP
.B Features
.PP
  * Lightweight, clean interface
  * Text editor integration
  * Fetch page title, add tags and comments
  * Multiple search modes (e.g. \fIdeep\fR, \fIregex\fR)
  * Continuous search at prompt, on the fly mode switch
  * Open bookmarks and search results in browser
  * Import/export in HTML (FF, Chrome compatible) or Markdown
  * Shorten and expand URLs
  * Smart tag editing with >>, > or << symbols at prompt
  * Password protection (manual)
  * Portable, merge-able database to sync between systems
  * Multithreaded full DB refresh
  * Shell completion scripts, man page with examples
.SH OPERATIONAL NOTES
.PP
.IP 1. 4
The database file is stored in:
  - \fI$XDG_DATA_HOME/buku/bookmarks.db\fR, if XDG_DATA_HOME is defined (first preference) or
  - \fI$HOME/.local/share/buku/bookmarks.db\fR, if HOME is defined (second preference) or
  - \fI%USERPROFILE%\buku\bookmarks.db\fR, if you are on Windows or
  - \fI$PWD\fR on both Windows and non-Windows systems.
.PP
.IP 2. 4
If the URL contains characters like ';', '&' or brackets they may be interpreted specially by the shell. To avoid it, add the URL within single or double quotes ('/").
.PP
.IP 3. 4
URLs are unique in DB. The same URL cannot be added twice.
.PP
.IP 4. 4
Bookmarks with immutable titles are listed with '(L)' after the title.
.PP
.IP 5. 4
\fBTags\fR:
  - Comma (',') is the tag delimiter in DB. A tag cannot have comma(s) in it. Tags are filtered (for unique tags) and sorted. Tags are stored in lower case and can be replaced, appended or deleted.
  - Folder names are converted to all-lowercase tags during bookmarks html import.
  - Releases prior to v2.7 support both capital and lower cases in tags. From v2.7 all tags are stored in lowercase. An undocumented option --\fIfixtags\fR is introduced to modify the older tags. It also fixes another issue where the same tag appears multiple times in the tagset of a record. Run \fBbuku --fixtags\fR once.
  - Tags can be edited from the prompt very easily using '>>' (append), '>' (overwrite) and '<<' (remove) symbols. The LHS of the operands denotes the indices and ranges of tags to apply (as listed by --tag or key 't' at prompt) and the RHS denotes the actual DB indices and ranges of the bookmarks to apply the change to.
.PP
.IP 6. 4
\fBUpdate\fR operation:
  - If --title, --tag or --comment is passed without argument, clear the corresponding field from DB.
  - If --url is passed (and --title is omitted), update the title from web using the URL.
  - If indices are passed without any other options (--url, --title, --tag, --comment and --immutable), read the URLs from DB and update titles from web. Bookmarks marked immutable are skipped.
  - Can update bookmarks matching a search, when combined with any of the search options and no arguments to update are passed.
.PP
.IP 7. 4
\fBDelete\fR operation:
  - When a record is deleted, the last record is moved to the index.
  - Delete doesn't work with range and indices provided together as arguments. It's an intentional decision to avoid extra sorting, in-range checks and to keep the auto-DB compaction functionality intact. On the same lines, indices are deleted in descending order.
  - Can delete bookmarks matching a search, when combined with any of the search options and no arguments to delete are passed.
.PP
.IP 8. 4
\fBSearch\fR works in mysterious ways:
  - Case-insensitive.
  - Matches words in URL, title and tags.
  - --sany : match any of the keywords in URL, title or tags. Default search option.
  - --sall : match all the keywords in URL, title or tags.
  - --deep : match \fBsubstrings\fR (`match` matches `rematched`) in URL, title and tags.
  - --sreg : match a regular expression (ignores --deep).
  - --stag : search bookmarks by a tag, or list all tags alphabetically with usage count (if no arguments).
  - Search results are indexed serially. This index is different from actual database index of a bookmark record which is shown within '[]' after the title.
.PP
.IP 9. 4
\fBEncryption\fR is optional and manual. AES256 algorithm is used. To use encryption, the database file should be unlocked (-k) before using \fBbuku\fR and locked (-l) afterwards. Between these 2 operations, the database file lies unencrypted on the disk, and NOT in memory. Also, note that the database file is \fBunencrypted on creation\fR.
.PP
.IP 10. 4
\fBEditor\fR support:
  - A single bookmark can be edited before adding. The editor can be set using the environment variable *EDITOR* or by explicitly specifying the editor. The latter takes precedence. If -a is used along with -w, the details are populated in the editor template.
  - In case of edit and update (a single bookmark), the existing record details are fetched from DB and populated in the editor template. The environment variable EDITOR must be set. Note that -u works independently of -w.
  - All lines beginning with "#" will be stripped. Then line 1 will be treated as the URL, line 2 will be the title, line 3 will be comma separated tags, and the rest of the lines will be parsed as descriptions.
.PP
.IP 11. 4
\fBProxy\fR support: please refer to the \fBENVIRONMENT\fR section.
.SH GENERAL OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \-a " " \--add " URL [tag, ...]"
Bookmark
.I URL
along with comma-separated tags. A tag can have multiple words.
.TP
.BI \-u " " \--update " [...]"
Update fields of the bookmarks at specified indices in DB. If no arguments are specified, all titles are refreshed from the web. Works with update modifiers for the fields url, title, tag and comment. If only indices are passed without any edit options, titles are fetched and updated (if not empty). Accepts hyphenated ranges and space-separated indices. Updates search results when used with search options, if no arguments.
.TP
.BI \-w " " \--write " [editor|index]"
Edit a bookmark in
.I editor
before adding it. To edit and update an existing bookmark, the
.I index
should be passed. However, in this case the environment variable EDITOR must be set.
.TP
.BI \-d " " \--delete " [...]"
Delete bookmarks. Accepts space-separated list of indices (e.g. 5 6 23 4 110 45) or a single hyphenated range (e.g. 100-200). Note that range and list don't work together. Deletes search results when combined with search options, if no arguments.
.TP
.BI \-v " " \--version
Show program version and exit.
.TP
.BI \-h " " \--help
Show program help and exit.
.SH EDIT OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \--url " [...]"
Specify the URL, works with --update only. Fetches and updates title if --title is not used.
.TP
.BI \--tag " [+|-] [...]"
Specify comma separated tags, works with --add, --update. Clears the tags, if no arguments passed. Appends or deletes tags, if list of tags is preceded by '+' or '-' respectively.
.TP
.BI \--title " [...]"
Manually specify the title, works with --add, --update. Omits or clears the title, if no arguments passed.
.TP
.BI \-c " " \--comment " [...]"
Add notes or description of the bookmark, works with --add, --update. Clears the comment, if no arguments passed.
.TP
.BI \--immutable " N"
Set the title of a bookmark immutable during updates. Works with --add, --update. N=1 sets the immutable flag, N=0 removes it. If omitted, bookmarks are added with N=0.
.SH SEARCH OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \-s " " \--sany " keyword [...]"
Search bookmarks with ANY of the keyword(s) in URL, title or tags and show the results. Prompts to enter result number to open in browser. Note that the sequential result index is not the DB index. The DB index is shown within '[]' after the title.
.br
This is the default search option for positional arguments if no other search option is specified.
.TP
.BI \-S " " \--sall " keyword [...]"
Search bookmarks with ALL keywords in URL, title or tags and show the results. Behaviour same as --sany.
.br
Special keywords:
.br
"blank": list entries with empty title/tag
.br
"immutable": list entries with locked title
.br
NOTE: To search the keywords, use --sany
.TP
.BI \--deep
Search modifier to match substrings. Works with --sany, --sall.
.TP
.BI \-r " " \--sreg " expression"
Scan for a regular expression match.
.TP
.BI \-t " " \--stag " [...]"
Search bookmarks by a tag. List all tags alphabetically, if no arguments. The usage count (number of bookmarks having the tag) is shown within first brackets.
.SH ENCRYPTION OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \-l " " \--lock " [N]"
Encrypt (lock) the DB file with
.I N
(> 0, default 8) hash passes to generate key.
.TP
.BI \-k " " \--unlock " [N]"
Decrypt (unlock) the DB file with
.I N
(> 0, default 8) hash passes to generate key.
.SH POWER OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \-e " " \--export " file"
Export bookmarks to Firefox bookmarks formatted HTML. Works with --tag to export only specific tags. Markdown is used if
.I file
has extension '.md'.
.br
Markdown format: [title](url), 1 entry per line.
.TP
.BI \-i " " \--import " file"
Import bookmarks exported from Firefox or Google Chrome as HTML.
.I file
is considered Markdown (compliant with --export format) if it has '.md' extension.
.TP
.BI \-m " " \--merge " file"
Add bookmarks from another buku database file.
.TP
.BI \-p " " \--print " [...]"
Show details (DB index, URL, title, tags and comment) of bookmark record by DB index. If no arguments, all records with actual index from DB are shown. Accepts hyphenated ranges and space-separated indices. A negative value (introduced for convenience) behaves like the tail utility, e.g., -n shows the details of the last n bookmarks.
.TP
.BI \-f " " \--format " N"
Show selective monochrome output with specific fields. Works with --print. Search results honour the option when used along with --json. Useful for creating batch scripts.
.br
.I N
= 1, show only URL.
.br
.I N
= 2, show URL and tags in a single line.
.br
.I N
= 3, show only title.
.TP
.BI \-j " " \--json
Output data formatted as json, works with --print output and search results.
.TP
.BI \--nc
Disable color output in all messages. Useful on terminals which can't handle ANSI color codes or scripted environments.
.TP
.BI \--np
Do not show the prompt, run and exit.
.TP
.BI \-o " " \--open " [...]"
Open bookmarks by DB indices or ranges in browser. Open a random index if argument is omitted.
.TP
.BI \--oa
Open all search results immediately in the browser. Works best with --np. When used along with --update or --delete, URLs are opened in the browser first and then modified or deleted.
.TP
.BI \--replace " old new"
Replace
.I old
tag with
.I new
tag if both are passed; delete
.I old
tag if
.I new
tag is not specified.
.TP
.BI \--shorten " index|URL"
Shorten the URL at DB
.I index
or an independent
.I URL
using the tny.im URL shortener service.
.TP
.BI \--expand " index|URL"
Expand the URL at DB
.I index
or an independent
.I URL
shortened using tny.im.
.TP
.BI \--tacit
Show lesser output. Reduces the verbosity of certain operations like add, update etc.
.TP
.BI \--threads
Maximum number of parallel network connection threads to use during full DB refresh. By default 4 connections are spawned.
.I N
can range from 1 to 10.
.TP
.BI \-V
Check the latest upstream version available. This is FYI. It is possible the latest upstream released version is still not available in your package manager as the process takes a while.
.TP
.BI \-z " " \--debug
Show debug information and additional logs.
.SH PROMPT KEYS
.TP
.BI "1-N"
Browse search results by indices and ranges.
.TP
.BI "a"
Open all search results in browser.
.TP
.BI "s" " keyword [...]"
Search for records with ANY keyword.
.TP
.BI "S" " keyword [...]"
Search for records with ALL keywords.
.TP
.BI "d"
Toggle deep search to match substrings ('pen' matches 'opened').
.TP
.BI "r" " expression"
Run a regular expression search.
.TP
.BI "t" " [...]"
Search bookmarks by a tag. List all tags alphabetically, if no arguments. The index of a tag from the tag list can be used to search all bookmarks having the tag. Note that multiple indices and/or ranges do not work in this case.
.TP
.BI "g" " [...][>>|>|<<][...]"
Append, remove tags to/from indices and/or ranges.
.TP
.BI "p" " [...]"
Print bookmarks by indices and/or ranges.
.TP
.BI "w" " [editor|index]"
Edit and add or update a bookmark.
.TP
.BI "?"
Show help on prompt keys.
.TP
.BI "q, ^D, double Enter"
Exit buku.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.TP
.BI "Completion scripts"
Shell completion scripts for Bash, Fish and Zsh can be found in:
.br
.I https://github.com/jarun/Buku/blob/master/auto-completion
.TP
.BI BROWSER
Overrides the default browser. Refer to:
.br
.I http://docs.python.org/library/webbrowser.html
.TP
.BI EDITOR
If defined, will be used as the editor to edit bookmarks with option --write.
.TP
.BI https_proxy
If defined, will be used to access http and https resources through the configured proxy. Supported format:

http[s]://[username:password@]proxyhost:proxyport/
.TP
.BI "GUI integration"
.B buku
can be integrated in a GUI environment with simple tweaks. Refer to:
.br
.I https://github.com/jarun/Buku#gui-integration
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
.IP 1. 4
\fBEdit and add\fR a bookmark from editor:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -w
.B buku -w 'macvim -f' -a https://ddg.gg search engine, privacy
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
The first command picks editor from the environment variable \fIEDITOR\fR. The second command will open macvim with option -f and the URL and tags populated in template.
.PP
.IP 2. 4
\fBAdd\fR a bookmark with \fBtags\fR 'search engine' and 'privacy', \fBcomment\fR 'Search engine with perks', \fBfetch page title\fR from the web:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -a https://ddg.gg search engine, privacy -c Search engine with perks
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
In the output, >: url, +: comment, #: tags.
.PP
.IP 3. 4
\fBAdd\fR a bookmark with tags 'search engine' & 'privacy' and \fBimmutable custom title\fR 'DDG':
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -a https://ddg.gg search engine, privacy --title 'DDG' --immutable 1
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
Note that URL must precede tags.
.PP
.IP 4. 4
\fBAdd\fR a bookmark \fBwithout a title\fR (works for update too):
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -a https://ddg.gg search engine, privacy --title
.EE
.PP
.IP 5. 4
\fBEdit and update\fR a bookmark from editor:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -w 15012014
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
This will open the existing bookmark's details in the editor for modifications. Environment variable \fIEDITOR\fR must be set.
.PP
.IP 6. 4
\fBUpdate\fR existing bookmark at index 15012014 with new URL, tags and comments, fetch title from the web:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -u 15012014 --url http://ddg.gg/ --tag web search, utilities -c Private search engine
.EE
.PP
.IP 7. 4
\fBFetch and update only title\fR for bookmark at 15012014:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -u 15012014
.EE
.PP
.IP 8. 4
\fBUpdate only comment\fR for bookmark at 15012014:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -u 15012014 -c this is a new comment
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
Applies to --url, --title and --tag too.
.PP
.IP 9. 4
\fBExport\fR bookmarks tagged 'tag 1' or 'tag 2' to HTML and markdown:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -e bookmarks.html --tag tag 1, tag 2
.B buku -e bookmarks.md --tag tag 1, tag 2
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
All bookmarks are exported if --tag is not specified.
.PP
.IP 10. 4
\fBImport\fR bookmarks from HTML and markdown:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -i bookmarks.html
.B buku -i bookmarks.md
.EE
.PP
.IP 11. 4
\fBDelete only comment\fR for bookmark at 15012014:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -u 15012014 -c
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
Applies to --title and --tag too. URL cannot be deleted without deleting the bookmark.
.PP
.IP 12. 4
\fBUpdate\fR or refresh \fBfull DB\fR with page titles from the web:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -u
.B buku -u --tacit (show only failures and exceptions)
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
This operation does not modify the indexes, URLs, tags or comments. Only title is refreshed if fetched title is non-empty.
.PP
.IP 13. 4
\fBDelete\fR bookmark at index 15012014:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -d 15012014
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
The last index is moved to the deleted index to keep the DB compact.
.PP
.IP 14. 4
\fBDelete all\fR bookmarks:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -d
.EE
.PP
.IP 15. 4
\fBDelete\fR a \fBrange or list\fR of bookmarks:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -d 100-200
.B buku -d 100 15 200
.EE
.PP
.IP 16. 4
\fBSearch\fR bookmarks for \fBANY\fR of the keywords 'kernel' and 'debugging' in URL, title or tags:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku kernel debugging
.B buku -s kernel debugging
.EE
.PP
.IP 17. 4
\fBSearch\fR bookmarks with \fBALL\fR the keywords 'kernel' and 'debugging' in URL, title or tags:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -S kernel debugging
.EE
.PP
.IP 18. 4
\fBSearch\fR bookmarks \fBtagged\fR 'general kernel concepts':
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku --stag general kernel concepts
.EE
.PP
.IP 19. 4
List \fBall unique tags\fR alphabetically:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku --stag
.EE
.PP
.IP 20. 4
Run a \fBsearch and update\fR the results:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -s kernel debugging -u --tag + linux kernel
.EE
.PP
.IP 21. 4
Run a \fBsearch and delete\fR the results:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -s kernel debugging -d
.EE
.PP
.IP 22. 4
\fBEncrypt or decrypt\fR DB with \fBcustom number of iterations\fR (15) to generate key:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -l 15
.br
.B buku -k 15
.EE
.PP
.IP "" 4
The same number of iterations must be specified for one lock & unlock instance. Default is 8, if omitted.
.PP
.IP 23. 4
\fBShow details\fR of bookmarks at index 15012014 and ranges 20-30, 40-50:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -p 20-30 15012014 40-50
.EE
.PP
.IP 24. 4
Show details of the \fBlast 10 bookmarks\fR:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -p -10
.EE
.PP
.IP 25. 4
\fBShow all\fR bookmarks with real index from database:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -p
.B buku -p | more
.EE
.PP
.IP 26. 4
\fBReplace tag\fR 'old tag' with 'new tag':
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku --replace 'old tag' 'new tag'
.EE
.PP
.IP 27. 4
\fBDelete tag\fR 'old tag' from DB:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku --replace 'old tag'
.EE
.PP
.IP 28. 4
\fBAppend (or delete) tags\fR 'tag 1', 'tag 2' to (or from) existing tags of bookmark at index 15012014:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -u 15012014 --tag + tag 1, tag 2
.B buku -u 15012014 --tag - tag 1, tag 2
.EE
.PP
.IP 29. 4
\fBOpen URL\fR at index 15012014 in browser:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -o 15012014
.EE
.PP
.IP 30. 4
List bookmarks with \fBno title or tags\fR for bookkeeping:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -S blank
.EE
.PP
.IP 31. 4
List bookmarks with \fBimmutable title\fR:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku -S immutable
.EE
.PP
.IP 32. 4
\fBShorten\fR the URL www.google.com and the URL at index 20:
.PP
.EX
.IP
.B buku --shorten www.google.com
.B buku --shorten 20
.EE
.PP
.IP 33. 4
\fBAppend, remove tags at prompt\fR (taglist index to the left, bookmark index to the right):
.PP
.EX
.IP
// append tags at taglist indices 4 and 6-9 to existing tags in bookmarks at indices 5 and 2-3
.B buku (? for help) g 4 9-6 >> 5 3-2
// set tags at taglist indices 4 and 6-9 as tags in bookmarks at indices 5 and 2-3
.B buku (? for help) g 4 9-6 > 5 3-2
// remove all tags from bookmarks at indices 5 and 2-3
.B buku (? for help) g > 5 3-2
// remove tags at taglist indices 4 and 6-9 from tags in bookmarks at indices 5 and 2-3
.B buku (? for help) g 4 9-6 << 5 3-2
.EE
.SH AUTHOR
Arun Prakash Jana <engineerarun@gmail.com>.
.SH HOME
.I https://github.com/jarun/Buku
.SH REPORTING BUGS
.I https://github.com/jarun/Buku/issues
.SH LICENSE
Copyright \(co 2015-2017 Arun Prakash Jana <engineerarun@gmail.com>.
.PP
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
.br
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.