diff --git a/serde/Cargo.toml b/serde/Cargo.toml
index 58d15249..151e6fdf 100644
--- a/serde/Cargo.toml
+++ b/serde/Cargo.toml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ unstable-testing = ["unstable", "std"]
 playground = ["serde_derive"]
 
 [dependencies]
-serde_derive = { version = "0.9", optional = true }
+serde_derive = { version = "0.9", optional = true, path = "../serde_derive" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-serde_derive = "0.9"
+serde_derive = { version = "0.9", path = "../serde_derive" }
diff --git a/serde/src/bytes.rs b/serde/src/bytes.rs
index d1ea0189..b6b6d02a 100644
--- a/serde/src/bytes.rs
+++ b/serde/src/bytes.rs
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ mod bytebuf {
     /// This type implements the `serde::de::Visitor` trait for a `ByteBuf`.
     pub struct ByteBufVisitor;
 
-    impl de::Visitor for ByteBufVisitor {
+    impl<'de> de::Visitor<'de> for ByteBufVisitor {
         type Value = ByteBuf;
 
         fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ mod bytebuf {
 
         #[inline]
         fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<ByteBuf, V::Error>
-            where V: de::SeqVisitor
+            where V: de::SeqVisitor<'de>
         {
             let len = cmp::min(visitor.size_hint().0, 4096);
             let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(len);
@@ -292,10 +292,10 @@ mod bytebuf {
         }
     }
 
-    impl de::Deserialize for ByteBuf {
+    impl<'de> de::Deserialize<'de> for ByteBuf {
         #[inline]
         fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<ByteBuf, D::Error>
-            where D: de::Deserializer
+            where D: de::Deserializer<'de>
         {
             deserializer.deserialize_byte_buf(ByteBufVisitor)
         }
diff --git a/serde/src/de/content.rs b/serde/src/de/content.rs
index e784b4ec..62f71d10 100644
--- a/serde/src/de/content.rs
+++ b/serde/src/de/content.rs
@@ -83,8 +83,10 @@ impl Content {
     }
 }
 
-impl Deserialize for Content {
-    fn deserialize<D: Deserializer>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Content {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
+    {
         // Untagged and internally tagged enums are only supported in
         // self-describing formats.
         deserializer.deserialize(ContentVisitor)
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ impl Deserialize for Content {
 
 struct ContentVisitor;
 
-impl Visitor for ContentVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for ContentVisitor {
     type Value = Content;
 
     fn expecting(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -209,19 +211,19 @@ impl Visitor for ContentVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_some<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer).map(|v| Content::Some(Box::new(v)))
     }
 
     fn visit_newtype_struct<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer).map(|v| Content::Newtype(Box::new(v)))
     }
 
     fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: SeqVisitor
+        where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
     {
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(cmp::min(visitor.size_hint().0, 4096));
         while let Some(e) = try!(visitor.visit()) {
@@ -231,7 +233,7 @@ impl Visitor for ContentVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_map<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: MapVisitor
+        where V: MapVisitor<'de>
     {
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(cmp::min(visitor.size_hint().0, 4096));
         while let Some(kv) = try!(visitor.visit()) {
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@ impl Visitor for ContentVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_enum<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: EnumVisitor
+        where V: EnumVisitor<'de>
     {
         Err(de::Error::custom("untagged and internally tagged enums do not support enum input"))
     }
@@ -265,11 +267,11 @@ impl TagOrContentVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl DeserializeSeed for TagOrContentVisitor {
+impl<'de> DeserializeSeed<'de> for TagOrContentVisitor {
     type Value = TagOrContent;
 
     fn deserialize<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         // Internally tagged enums are only supported in self-describing
         // formats.
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@ impl DeserializeSeed for TagOrContentVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl Visitor for TagOrContentVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for TagOrContentVisitor {
     type Value = TagOrContent;
 
     fn expecting(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -409,31 +411,31 @@ impl Visitor for TagOrContentVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_some<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         ContentVisitor.visit_some(deserializer).map(TagOrContent::Content)
     }
 
     fn visit_newtype_struct<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         ContentVisitor.visit_newtype_struct(deserializer).map(TagOrContent::Content)
     }
 
     fn visit_seq<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: SeqVisitor
+        where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
     {
         ContentVisitor.visit_seq(visitor).map(TagOrContent::Content)
     }
 
     fn visit_map<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: MapVisitor
+        where V: MapVisitor<'de>
     {
         ContentVisitor.visit_map(visitor).map(TagOrContent::Content)
     }
 
     fn visit_enum<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: EnumVisitor
+        where V: EnumVisitor<'de>
     {
         ContentVisitor.visit_enum(visitor).map(TagOrContent::Content)
     }
@@ -464,13 +466,13 @@ impl<T> TaggedContentVisitor<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> DeserializeSeed for TaggedContentVisitor<T>
-    where T: Deserialize
+impl<'de, T> DeserializeSeed<'de> for TaggedContentVisitor<T>
+    where T: Deserialize<'de>
 {
     type Value = TaggedContent<T>;
 
     fn deserialize<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         // Internally tagged enums are only supported in self-describing
         // formats.
@@ -478,8 +480,8 @@ impl<T> DeserializeSeed for TaggedContentVisitor<T>
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Visitor for TaggedContentVisitor<T>
-    where T: Deserialize
+impl<'de, T> Visitor<'de> for TaggedContentVisitor<T>
+    where T: Deserialize<'de>
 {
     type Value = TaggedContent<T>;
 
@@ -488,7 +490,7 @@ impl<T> Visitor for TaggedContentVisitor<T>
     }
 
     fn visit_map<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: MapVisitor
+        where V: MapVisitor<'de>
     {
         let mut tag = None;
         let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(cmp::min(visitor.size_hint().0, 4096));
@@ -532,17 +534,17 @@ pub struct TagOrContentFieldVisitor {
     pub content: &'static str,
 }
 
-impl DeserializeSeed for TagOrContentFieldVisitor {
+impl<'de> DeserializeSeed<'de> for TagOrContentFieldVisitor {
     type Value = TagOrContentField;
 
     fn deserialize<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_str(self)
     }
 }
 
-impl Visitor for TagOrContentFieldVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for TagOrContentFieldVisitor {
     type Value = TagOrContentField;
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -570,13 +572,13 @@ pub struct ContentDeserializer<E> {
 
 /// Used when deserializing an internally tagged enum because the content will
 /// be used exactly once.
-impl<E> Deserializer for ContentDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> Deserializer<'de> for ContentDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.content {
             Content::Bool(v) => visitor.visit_bool(v),
@@ -618,7 +620,7 @@ impl<E> Deserializer for ContentDeserializer<E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.content {
             Content::None => visitor.visit_none(),
@@ -629,7 +631,7 @@ impl<E> Deserializer for ContentDeserializer<E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(self, _name: &str, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_newtype_struct(self)
     }
@@ -639,7 +641,7 @@ impl<E> Deserializer for ContentDeserializer<E>
                            _variants: &'static [&'static str],
                            visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         let (variant, value) = match self.content {
             Content::Map(value) => {
@@ -696,7 +698,7 @@ struct EnumDeserializer<E>
     err: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<E> de::EnumVisitor for EnumDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::EnumVisitor<'de> for EnumDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
@@ -705,7 +707,7 @@ impl<E> de::EnumVisitor for EnumDeserializer<E>
     fn visit_variant_seed<V>(self,
                              seed: V)
                              -> Result<(V::Value, VariantDeserializer<E>), Self::Error>
-        where V: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where V: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         let visitor = VariantDeserializer {
             value: self.value,
@@ -722,7 +724,7 @@ struct VariantDeserializer<E>
     err: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<E> de::VariantVisitor for VariantDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::VariantVisitor<'de> for VariantDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
@@ -735,7 +737,7 @@ impl<E> de::VariantVisitor for VariantDeserializer<E>
     }
 
     fn visit_newtype_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, E>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.value {
             Some(value) => seed.deserialize(ContentDeserializer::new(value)),
@@ -744,7 +746,7 @@ impl<E> de::VariantVisitor for VariantDeserializer<E>
     }
 
     fn visit_tuple<V>(self, _len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.value {
             Some(Content::Seq(v)) => {
@@ -759,7 +761,7 @@ impl<E> de::VariantVisitor for VariantDeserializer<E>
                        _fields: &'static [&'static str],
                        visitor: V)
                        -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.value {
             Some(Content::Map(v)) => {
@@ -789,14 +791,14 @@ impl<E> SeqDeserializer<E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<E> de::Deserializer for SeqDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for SeqDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     #[inline]
     fn deserialize<V>(mut self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         let len = self.iter.len();
         if len == 0 {
@@ -819,13 +821,13 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for SeqDeserializer<E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<E> de::SeqVisitor for SeqDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::SeqVisitor<'de> for SeqDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.iter.next() {
             Some(value) => seed.deserialize(ContentDeserializer::new(value)).map(Some),
@@ -858,13 +860,13 @@ impl<E> MapDeserializer<E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::MapVisitor<'de> for MapDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn visit_key_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.iter.next() {
             Some((key, value)) => {
@@ -876,7 +878,7 @@ impl<E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<E>
     }
 
     fn visit_value_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.value.take() {
             Some(value) => seed.deserialize(ContentDeserializer::new(value)),
@@ -889,14 +891,14 @@ impl<E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<E> de::Deserializer for MapDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for MapDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     #[inline]
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_map(self)
     }
@@ -917,13 +919,13 @@ pub struct ContentRefDeserializer<'a, E> {
 
 /// Used when deserializing an untagged enum because the content may need to be
 /// used more than once.
-impl<'a, E> Deserializer for ContentRefDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> Deserializer<'de> for ContentRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, E>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match *self.content {
             Content::Bool(v) => visitor.visit_bool(v),
@@ -965,7 +967,7 @@ impl<'a, E> Deserializer for ContentRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, E>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match *self.content {
             Content::None => visitor.visit_none(),
@@ -976,7 +978,7 @@ impl<'a, E> Deserializer for ContentRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(self, _name: &str, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, E>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_newtype_struct(self)
     }
@@ -986,7 +988,7 @@ impl<'a, E> Deserializer for ContentRefDeserializer<'a, E>
                            _variants: &'static [&'static str],
                            visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         let (variant, value) = match *self.content {
             Content::Map(ref value) => {
@@ -1043,14 +1045,14 @@ struct EnumRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     err: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::EnumVisitor for EnumRefDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::EnumVisitor<'de> for EnumRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
     type Variant = VariantRefDeserializer<'a, Self::Error>;
 
     fn visit_variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where V: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where V: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         let visitor = VariantRefDeserializer {
             value: self.value,
@@ -1067,7 +1069,7 @@ struct VariantRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     err: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::VariantVisitor for VariantRefDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::VariantVisitor<'de> for VariantRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
@@ -1080,7 +1082,7 @@ impl<'a, E> de::VariantVisitor for VariantRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 
     fn visit_newtype_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, E>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.value {
             Some(value) => seed.deserialize(ContentRefDeserializer::new(value)),
@@ -1089,7 +1091,7 @@ impl<'a, E> de::VariantVisitor for VariantRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 
     fn visit_tuple<V>(self, _len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.value {
             Some(&Content::Seq(ref v)) => {
@@ -1104,7 +1106,7 @@ impl<'a, E> de::VariantVisitor for VariantRefDeserializer<'a, E>
                        _fields: &'static [&'static str],
                        visitor: V)
                        -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.value {
             Some(&Content::Map(ref v)) => {
@@ -1134,14 +1136,14 @@ impl<'a, E> SeqRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for SeqRefDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for SeqRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     #[inline]
     fn deserialize<V>(mut self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         let len = self.iter.len();
         if len == 0 {
@@ -1164,13 +1166,13 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for SeqRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::SeqVisitor for SeqRefDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::SeqVisitor<'de> for SeqRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.iter.next() {
             Some(value) => seed.deserialize(ContentRefDeserializer::new(value)).map(Some),
@@ -1203,13 +1205,13 @@ impl<'a, E> MapRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::MapVisitor for MapRefDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::MapVisitor<'de> for MapRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn visit_key_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.iter.next() {
             Some(&(ref key, ref value)) => {
@@ -1221,7 +1223,7 @@ impl<'a, E> de::MapVisitor for MapRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 
     fn visit_value_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.value.take() {
             Some(value) => seed.deserialize(ContentRefDeserializer::new(value)),
@@ -1234,14 +1236,14 @@ impl<'a, E> de::MapVisitor for MapRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for MapRefDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for MapRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     #[inline]
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_map(self)
     }
@@ -1253,7 +1255,7 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for MapRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<E> de::value::ValueDeserializer<E> for ContentDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::value::ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for ContentDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = Self;
@@ -1263,7 +1265,7 @@ impl<E> de::value::ValueDeserializer<E> for ContentDeserializer<E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::value::ValueDeserializer<E> for ContentRefDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::value::ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for ContentRefDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = Self;
@@ -1291,7 +1293,7 @@ impl<'a> InternallyTaggedUnitVisitor<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Visitor for InternallyTaggedUnitVisitor<'a> {
+impl<'de, 'a> Visitor<'de> for InternallyTaggedUnitVisitor<'a> {
     type Value = ();
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -1299,7 +1301,7 @@ impl<'a> Visitor for InternallyTaggedUnitVisitor<'a> {
     }
 
     fn visit_map<V>(self, _: V) -> Result<(), V::Error>
-        where V: MapVisitor
+        where V: MapVisitor<'de>
     {
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -1323,7 +1325,7 @@ impl<'a> UntaggedUnitVisitor<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Visitor for UntaggedUnitVisitor<'a> {
+impl<'de, 'a> Visitor<'de> for UntaggedUnitVisitor<'a> {
     type Value = ();
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
diff --git a/serde/src/de/impls.rs b/serde/src/de/impls.rs
index 7bffab32..fc61dac1 100644
--- a/serde/src/de/impls.rs
+++ b/serde/src/de/impls.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ use bytes::ByteBuf;
 /// A visitor that produces a `()`.
 pub struct UnitVisitor;
 
-impl Visitor for UnitVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for UnitVisitor {
     type Value = ();
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -82,15 +82,15 @@ impl Visitor for UnitVisitor {
     }
 
     fn visit_seq<V>(self, _: V) -> Result<(), V::Error>
-        where V: SeqVisitor
+        where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
     {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
-impl Deserialize for () {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for () {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<(), D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_unit(UnitVisitor)
     }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl Deserialize for () {
 /// A visitor that produces a `bool`.
 pub struct BoolVisitor;
 
-impl Visitor for BoolVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for BoolVisitor {
     type Value = bool;
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ impl Visitor for BoolVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl Deserialize for bool {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for bool {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<bool, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_bool(BoolVisitor)
     }
@@ -151,14 +151,14 @@ macro_rules! impl_deserialize_num_method {
 
 macro_rules! impl_deserialize_num {
     ($ty:ident, $method:ident) => {
-        impl Deserialize for $ty {
+        impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for $ty {
             #[inline]
             fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<$ty, D::Error>
-                where D: Deserializer,
+                where D: Deserializer<'de>,
             {
                 struct PrimitiveVisitor;
 
-                impl Visitor for PrimitiveVisitor {
+                impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for PrimitiveVisitor {
                     type Value = $ty;
 
                     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ impl_deserialize_num!(f64, deserialize_f64);
 
 struct CharVisitor;
 
-impl Visitor for CharVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for CharVisitor {
     type Value = char;
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -235,10 +235,10 @@ impl Visitor for CharVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl Deserialize for char {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for char {
     #[inline]
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<char, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_char(CharVisitor)
     }
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ impl Deserialize for char {
 struct StringVisitor;
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl Visitor for StringVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for StringVisitor {
     type Value = String;
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -295,9 +295,9 @@ impl Visitor for StringVisitor {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl Deserialize for String {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for String {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<String, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_string(StringVisitor)
     }
@@ -306,9 +306,9 @@ impl Deserialize for String {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature="unstable"))]
-impl Deserialize for Box<CStr> {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Box<CStr> {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let s = try!(CString::deserialize(deserializer));
         Ok(s.into_boxed_c_str())
@@ -316,9 +316,9 @@ impl Deserialize for Box<CStr> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for CString {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for CString {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<CString, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let bytes = try!(ByteBuf::deserialize(deserializer));
         CString::new(bytes).map_err(Error::custom)
@@ -331,7 +331,9 @@ struct OptionVisitor<T> {
     marker: PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
-impl<T: Deserialize> Visitor for OptionVisitor<T> {
+impl<'de, T> Visitor<'de> for OptionVisitor<T>
+    where T: Deserialize<'de>
+{
     type Value = Option<T>;
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -354,17 +356,17 @@ impl<T: Deserialize> Visitor for OptionVisitor<T> {
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit_some<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<T>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         Ok(Some(try!(Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer))))
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Deserialize for Option<T>
-    where T: Deserialize
+impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for Option<T>
+    where T: Deserialize<'de>
 {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<T>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_option(OptionVisitor { marker: PhantomData })
     }
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ pub struct PhantomDataVisitor<T> {
     marker: PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
-impl<T> Visitor for PhantomDataVisitor<T> {
+impl<'de, T> Visitor<'de> for PhantomDataVisitor<T> {
     type Value = PhantomData<T>;
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -392,9 +394,9 @@ impl<T> Visitor for PhantomDataVisitor<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Deserialize for PhantomData<T> {
+impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for PhantomData<T> {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<PhantomData<T>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let visitor = PhantomDataVisitor { marker: PhantomData };
         deserializer.deserialize_unit_struct("PhantomData", visitor)
@@ -405,21 +407,19 @@ impl<T> Deserialize for PhantomData<T> {
 
 macro_rules! seq_impl {
     (
-        $ty:ty,
-        $visitor_ty:ident < $($typaram:ident : $bound1:ident $(+ $bound2:ident)*),* >,
+        $ty:ident < T $(, $typaram:ident)* >,
+        $visitor_ty:ident $( < $($boundparam:ident : $bound1:ident $(+ $bound2:ident)*),* > )*,
         $visitor:ident,
         $ctor:expr,
         $with_capacity:expr,
         $insert:expr
     ) => {
         /// A visitor that produces a sequence.
-        pub struct $visitor_ty<$($typaram),*> {
-            marker: PhantomData<$ty>,
+        pub struct $visitor_ty<T $(, $typaram)*> {
+            marker: PhantomData<$ty<T $(, $typaram)*>>,
         }
 
-        impl<$($typaram),*> $visitor_ty<$($typaram),*>
-            where $($typaram: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*
-        {
+        impl<T $(, $typaram),*> $visitor_ty<T $(, $typaram)*> {
             /// Construct a new sequence visitor.
             pub fn new() -> Self {
                 $visitor_ty {
@@ -428,25 +428,26 @@ macro_rules! seq_impl {
             }
         }
 
-        impl<$($typaram),*> Visitor for $visitor_ty<$($typaram),*>
-            where $($typaram: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*
+        impl<'de, T $(, $typaram)*> Visitor<'de> for $visitor_ty<T $(, $typaram)*>
+            where T: Deserialize<'de>,
+                  $($($boundparam: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*)*
         {
-            type Value = $ty;
+            type Value = $ty<T $(, $typaram)*>;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
                 formatter.write_str("a sequence")
             }
 
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<$ty, E>
+            fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
                 where E: Error,
             {
                 Ok($ctor)
             }
 
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut $visitor: V) -> Result<$ty, V::Error>
-                where V: SeqVisitor,
+            fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut $visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
+                where V: SeqVisitor<'de>,
             {
                 let mut values = $with_capacity;
 
@@ -458,11 +459,12 @@ macro_rules! seq_impl {
             }
         }
 
-        impl<$($typaram),*> Deserialize for $ty
-            where $($typaram: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*
+        impl<'de, T $(, $typaram)*> Deserialize<'de> for $ty<T $(, $typaram)*>
+            where T: Deserialize<'de>,
+                  $($($boundparam: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*)*
         {
-            fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<$ty, D::Error>
-                where D: Deserializer,
+            fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+                where D: Deserializer<'de>,
             {
                 deserializer.deserialize_seq($visitor_ty::new())
             }
@@ -473,7 +475,7 @@ macro_rules! seq_impl {
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
 seq_impl!(
     BinaryHeap<T>,
-    BinaryHeapVisitor<T: Deserialize + Ord>,
+    BinaryHeapVisitor<T: Ord>,
     visitor,
     BinaryHeap::new(),
     BinaryHeap::with_capacity(cmp::min(visitor.size_hint().0, 4096)),
@@ -482,7 +484,7 @@ seq_impl!(
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
 seq_impl!(
     BTreeSet<T>,
-    BTreeSetVisitor<T: Deserialize + Eq + Ord>,
+    BTreeSetVisitor<T: Eq + Ord>,
     visitor,
     BTreeSet::new(),
     BTreeSet::new(),
@@ -491,7 +493,7 @@ seq_impl!(
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
 seq_impl!(
     LinkedList<T>,
-    LinkedListVisitor<T: Deserialize>,
+    LinkedListVisitor,
     visitor,
     LinkedList::new(),
     LinkedList::new(),
@@ -500,7 +502,7 @@ seq_impl!(
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 seq_impl!(
     HashSet<T, S>,
-    HashSetVisitor<T: Deserialize + Eq + Hash,
+    HashSetVisitor<T: Eq + Hash,
                    S: BuildHasher + Default>,
     visitor,
     HashSet::with_hasher(S::default()),
@@ -510,7 +512,7 @@ seq_impl!(
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
 seq_impl!(
     Vec<T>,
-    VecVisitor<T: Deserialize>,
+    VecVisitor,
     visitor,
     Vec::new(),
     Vec::with_capacity(cmp::min(visitor.size_hint().0, 4096)),
@@ -519,7 +521,7 @@ seq_impl!(
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
 seq_impl!(
     VecDeque<T>,
-    VecDequeVisitor<T: Deserialize>,
+    VecDequeVisitor,
     visitor,
     VecDeque::new(),
     VecDeque::with_capacity(cmp::min(visitor.size_hint().0, 4096)),
@@ -537,8 +539,8 @@ impl<A> ArrayVisitor<A> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Visitor for ArrayVisitor<[T; 0]>
-    where T: Deserialize
+impl<'de, T> Visitor<'de> for ArrayVisitor<[T; 0]>
+    where T: Deserialize<'de>
 {
     type Value = [T; 0];
 
@@ -555,17 +557,17 @@ impl<T> Visitor for ArrayVisitor<[T; 0]>
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit_seq<V>(self, _: V) -> Result<[T; 0], V::Error>
-        where V: SeqVisitor
+        where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
     {
         Ok([])
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> Deserialize for [T; 0]
-    where T: Deserialize
+impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for [T; 0]
+    where T: Deserialize<'de>
 {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<[T; 0], D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_seq_fixed_size(0, ArrayVisitor::<[T; 0]>::new())
     }
@@ -574,7 +576,9 @@ impl<T> Deserialize for [T; 0]
 macro_rules! array_impls {
     ($($len:expr => ($($n:tt $name:ident)+))+) => {
         $(
-            impl<T> Visitor for ArrayVisitor<[T; $len]> where T: Deserialize {
+            impl<'de, T> Visitor<'de> for ArrayVisitor<[T; $len]>
+                where T: Deserialize<'de>
+            {
                 type Value = [T; $len];
 
                 fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -583,7 +587,7 @@ macro_rules! array_impls {
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<[T; $len], V::Error>
-                    where V: SeqVisitor,
+                    where V: SeqVisitor<'de>,
                 {
                     $(
                         let $name = match try!(visitor.visit()) {
@@ -596,11 +600,11 @@ macro_rules! array_impls {
                 }
             }
 
-            impl<T> Deserialize for [T; $len]
-                where T: Deserialize,
+            impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for [T; $len]
+                where T: Deserialize<'de>,
             {
                 fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<[T; $len], D::Error>
-                    where D: Deserializer,
+                    where D: Deserializer<'de>,
                 {
                     deserializer.deserialize_seq_fixed_size($len, ArrayVisitor::<[T; $len]>::new())
                 }
@@ -654,14 +658,14 @@ macro_rules! tuple_impls {
                 marker: PhantomData<($($name,)+)>,
             }
 
-            impl<$($name: Deserialize,)+> $visitor<$($name,)+> {
+            impl<$($name,)+> $visitor<$($name,)+> {
                 /// Construct a `TupleVisitor*<T>`.
                 pub fn new() -> Self {
                     $visitor { marker: PhantomData }
                 }
             }
 
-            impl<$($name: Deserialize),+> Visitor for $visitor<$($name,)+> {
+            impl<'de, $($name: Deserialize<'de>),+> Visitor<'de> for $visitor<$($name,)+> {
                 type Value = ($($name,)+);
 
                 fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -671,7 +675,7 @@ macro_rules! tuple_impls {
                 #[inline]
                 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
                 fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<($($name,)+), V::Error>
-                    where V: SeqVisitor,
+                    where V: SeqVisitor<'de>,
                 {
                     $(
                         let $name = match try!(visitor.visit()) {
@@ -684,10 +688,10 @@ macro_rules! tuple_impls {
                 }
             }
 
-            impl<$($name: Deserialize),+> Deserialize for ($($name,)+) {
+            impl<'de, $($name: Deserialize<'de>),+> Deserialize<'de> for ($($name,)+) {
                 #[inline]
                 fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<($($name,)+), D::Error>
-                    where D: Deserializer,
+                    where D: Deserializer<'de>,
                 {
                     deserializer.deserialize_tuple($len, $visitor::new())
                 }
@@ -719,20 +723,18 @@ tuple_impls! {
 
 macro_rules! map_impl {
     (
-        $ty:ty,
-        $visitor_ty:ident < $($typaram:ident : $bound1:ident $(+ $bound2:ident)*),* >,
+        $ty:ident < K, V $(, $typaram:ident)* >,
+        $visitor_ty:ident < $($boundparam:ident : $bound1:ident $(+ $bound2:ident)*),* >,
         $visitor:ident,
         $ctor:expr,
         $with_capacity:expr
     ) => {
         /// A visitor that produces a map.
-        pub struct $visitor_ty<$($typaram),*> {
-            marker: PhantomData<$ty>,
+        pub struct $visitor_ty<K, V $(, $typaram)*> {
+            marker: PhantomData<$ty<K, V $(, $typaram)*>>,
         }
 
-        impl<$($typaram),*> $visitor_ty<$($typaram),*>
-            where $($typaram: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*
-        {
+        impl<K, V $(, $typaram)*> $visitor_ty<K, V $(, $typaram)*> {
             /// Construct a `MapVisitor*<T>`.
             pub fn new() -> Self {
                 $visitor_ty {
@@ -741,25 +743,27 @@ macro_rules! map_impl {
             }
         }
 
-        impl<$($typaram),*> Visitor for $visitor_ty<$($typaram),*>
-            where $($typaram: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*
+        impl<'de, K, V $(, $typaram)*> Visitor<'de> for $visitor_ty<K, V $(, $typaram)*>
+            where K: Deserialize<'de>,
+                  V: Deserialize<'de>,
+                  $($boundparam: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*
         {
-            type Value = $ty;
+            type Value = $ty<K, V $(, $typaram)*>;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
                 formatter.write_str("a map")
             }
 
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<$ty, E>
+            fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
                 where E: Error,
             {
                 Ok($ctor)
             }
 
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_map<Visitor>(self, mut $visitor: Visitor) -> Result<$ty, Visitor::Error>
-                where Visitor: MapVisitor,
+            fn visit_map<Visitor>(self, mut $visitor: Visitor) -> Result<Self::Value, Visitor::Error>
+                where Visitor: MapVisitor<'de>,
             {
                 let mut values = $with_capacity;
 
@@ -771,11 +775,13 @@ macro_rules! map_impl {
             }
         }
 
-        impl<$($typaram),*> Deserialize for $ty
-            where $($typaram: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*
+        impl<'de, K, V $(, $typaram)*> Deserialize<'de> for $ty<K, V $(, $typaram)*>
+            where K: Deserialize<'de>,
+                  V: Deserialize<'de>,
+                  $($boundparam: $bound1 $(+ $bound2)*),*
         {
-            fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<$ty, D::Error>
-                where D: Deserializer,
+            fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+                where D: Deserializer<'de>,
             {
                 deserializer.deserialize_map($visitor_ty::new())
             }
@@ -786,8 +792,7 @@ macro_rules! map_impl {
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
 map_impl!(
     BTreeMap<K, V>,
-    BTreeMapVisitor<K: Deserialize + Ord,
-                    V: Deserialize>,
+    BTreeMapVisitor<K: Ord>,
     visitor,
     BTreeMap::new(),
     BTreeMap::new());
@@ -795,8 +800,7 @@ map_impl!(
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 map_impl!(
     HashMap<K, V, S>,
-    HashMapVisitor<K: Deserialize + Eq + Hash,
-                   V: Deserialize,
+    HashMapVisitor<K: Eq + Hash,
                    S: BuildHasher + Default>,
     visitor,
     HashMap::with_hasher(S::default()),
@@ -805,9 +809,9 @@ map_impl!(
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for net::IpAddr {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for net::IpAddr {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
@@ -818,9 +822,9 @@ impl Deserialize for net::IpAddr {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for net::Ipv4Addr {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for net::Ipv4Addr {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
@@ -831,9 +835,9 @@ impl Deserialize for net::Ipv4Addr {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for net::Ipv6Addr {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for net::Ipv6Addr {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
@@ -846,9 +850,9 @@ impl Deserialize for net::Ipv6Addr {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddr {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for net::SocketAddr {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
@@ -859,9 +863,9 @@ impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddr {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddrV4 {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for net::SocketAddrV4 {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
@@ -872,9 +876,9 @@ impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddrV4 {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddrV6 {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for net::SocketAddrV6 {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
@@ -890,7 +894,7 @@ impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddrV6 {
 struct PathBufVisitor;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Visitor for PathBufVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for PathBufVisitor {
     type Value = path::PathBuf;
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -912,9 +916,9 @@ impl Visitor for PathBufVisitor {
 
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for path::PathBuf {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for path::PathBuf {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<path::PathBuf, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_string(PathBufVisitor)
     }
@@ -932,13 +936,13 @@ enum OsStringKind {
 static OSSTR_VARIANTS: &'static [&'static str] = &["Unix", "Windows"];
 
 #[cfg(all(feature = "std", any(unix, windows)))]
-impl Deserialize for OsStringKind {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for OsStringKind {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<OsStringKind, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         struct KindVisitor;
 
-        impl Visitor for KindVisitor {
+        impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for KindVisitor {
             type Value = OsStringKind;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -991,7 +995,7 @@ impl Deserialize for OsStringKind {
 struct OsStringVisitor;
 
 #[cfg(all(feature = "std", any(unix, windows)))]
-impl Visitor for OsStringVisitor {
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for OsStringVisitor {
     type Value = OsString;
 
     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -1000,7 +1004,7 @@ impl Visitor for OsStringVisitor {
 
     #[cfg(unix)]
     fn visit_enum<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<OsString, V::Error>
-        where V: EnumVisitor,
+        where V: EnumVisitor<'de>,
     {
         use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;
 
@@ -1016,9 +1020,9 @@ impl Visitor for OsStringVisitor {
 }
 
 #[cfg(all(feature = "std", any(unix, windows)))]
-impl Deserialize for OsString {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for OsString {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<OsString, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         deserializer.deserialize_enum("OsString", OSSTR_VARIANTS, OsStringVisitor)
     }
@@ -1027,9 +1031,9 @@ impl Deserialize for OsString {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "alloc"))]
-impl<T: Deserialize> Deserialize for Box<T> {
+impl<'de, T: Deserialize<'de>> Deserialize<'de> for Box<T> {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Box<T>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let val = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer));
         Ok(Box::new(val))
@@ -1037,9 +1041,9 @@ impl<T: Deserialize> Deserialize for Box<T> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<T: Deserialize> Deserialize for Box<[T]> {
+impl<'de, T: Deserialize<'de>> Deserialize<'de> for Box<[T]> {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Box<[T]>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let v: Vec<T> = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer));
         Ok(v.into_boxed_slice())
@@ -1047,9 +1051,9 @@ impl<T: Deserialize> Deserialize for Box<[T]> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl Deserialize for Box<str> {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Box<str> {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         Ok(s.into_boxed_str())
@@ -1057,9 +1061,9 @@ impl Deserialize for Box<str> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "alloc"))]
-impl<T: Deserialize> Deserialize for Arc<T> {
+impl<'de, T: Deserialize<'de>> Deserialize<'de> for Arc<T> {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Arc<T>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let val = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer));
         Ok(Arc::new(val))
@@ -1067,9 +1071,9 @@ impl<T: Deserialize> Deserialize for Arc<T> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "alloc"))]
-impl<T: Deserialize> Deserialize for Rc<T> {
+impl<'de, T: Deserialize<'de>> Deserialize<'de> for Rc<T> {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Rc<T>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let val = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer));
         Ok(Rc::new(val))
@@ -1077,13 +1081,13 @@ impl<T: Deserialize> Deserialize for Rc<T> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<'a, T: ?Sized> Deserialize for Cow<'a, T>
+impl<'de, 'a, T: ?Sized> Deserialize<'de> for Cow<'a, T>
     where T: ToOwned,
-          T::Owned: Deserialize
+          T::Owned: Deserialize<'de>
 {
     #[inline]
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Cow<'a, T>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let val = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer));
         Ok(Cow::Owned(val))
@@ -1101,22 +1105,22 @@ impl<'a, T: ?Sized> Deserialize for Cow<'a, T>
 //         nanos: u32,
 //     }
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl Deserialize for Duration {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Duration {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         enum Field {
             Secs,
             Nanos,
         };
 
-        impl Deserialize for Field {
+        impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Field {
             fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Field, D::Error>
-                where D: Deserializer
+                where D: Deserializer<'de>
             {
                 struct FieldVisitor;
 
-                impl Visitor for FieldVisitor {
+                impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = Field;
 
                     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -1153,7 +1157,7 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
 
         struct DurationVisitor;
 
-        impl Visitor for DurationVisitor {
+        impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for DurationVisitor {
             type Value = Duration;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -1161,7 +1165,7 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
             }
 
             fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<Duration, V::Error>
-                where V: SeqVisitor
+                where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
             {
                 let secs: u64 = match try!(visitor.visit()) {
                     Some(value) => value,
@@ -1179,7 +1183,7 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
             }
 
             fn visit_map<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<Duration, V::Error>
-                where V: MapVisitor
+                where V: MapVisitor<'de>
             {
                 let mut secs: Option<u64> = None;
                 let mut nanos: Option<u32> = None;
@@ -1227,22 +1231,22 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
 //         end: u32,
 //     }
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl<Idx: Deserialize> Deserialize for std::ops::Range<Idx> {
+impl<'de, Idx: Deserialize<'de>> Deserialize<'de> for std::ops::Range<Idx> {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         enum Field {
             Start,
             End,
         };
 
-        impl Deserialize for Field {
+        impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Field {
             fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Field, D::Error>
-                where D: Deserializer
+                where D: Deserializer<'de>
             {
                 struct FieldVisitor;
 
-                impl Visitor for FieldVisitor {
+                impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = Field;
 
                     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -1281,7 +1285,7 @@ impl<Idx: Deserialize> Deserialize for std::ops::Range<Idx> {
             phantom: PhantomData<Idx>,
         }
 
-        impl<Idx: Deserialize> Visitor for RangeVisitor<Idx> {
+        impl<'de, Idx: Deserialize<'de>> Visitor<'de> for RangeVisitor<Idx> {
             type Value = std::ops::Range<Idx>;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -1289,7 +1293,7 @@ impl<Idx: Deserialize> Deserialize for std::ops::Range<Idx> {
             }
 
             fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<std::ops::Range<Idx>, V::Error>
-                where V: SeqVisitor
+                where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
             {
                 let start: Idx = match try!(visitor.visit()) {
                     Some(value) => value,
@@ -1307,7 +1311,7 @@ impl<Idx: Deserialize> Deserialize for std::ops::Range<Idx> {
             }
 
             fn visit_map<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<std::ops::Range<Idx>, V::Error>
-                where V: MapVisitor
+                where V: MapVisitor<'de>
             {
                 let mut start: Option<Idx> = None;
                 let mut end: Option<Idx> = None;
@@ -1351,11 +1355,11 @@ impl<Idx: Deserialize> Deserialize for std::ops::Range<Idx> {
 
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
 #[allow(deprecated)] // num::Zero is deprecated but there is no replacement
-impl<T> Deserialize for NonZero<T>
-    where T: Deserialize + PartialEq + Zeroable + Zero
+impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for NonZero<T>
+    where T: Deserialize<'de> + PartialEq + Zeroable + Zero
 {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<NonZero<T>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let value = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer));
         if value == Zero::zero() {
@@ -1368,26 +1372,26 @@ impl<T> Deserialize for NonZero<T>
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 
-impl<T, E> Deserialize for Result<T, E>
-    where T: Deserialize,
-          E: Deserialize
+impl<'de, T, E> Deserialize<'de> for Result<T, E>
+    where T: Deserialize<'de>,
+          E: Deserialize<'de>
 {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Result<T, E>, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         enum Field {
             Ok,
             Err,
         }
 
-        impl Deserialize for Field {
+        impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Field {
             #[inline]
             fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Field, D::Error>
-                where D: Deserializer
+                where D: Deserializer<'de>
             {
                 struct FieldVisitor;
 
-                impl Visitor for FieldVisitor {
+                impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = Field;
 
                     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -1440,9 +1444,9 @@ impl<T, E> Deserialize for Result<T, E>
 
         struct ResultVisitor<T, E>(PhantomData<Result<T, E>>);
 
-        impl<T, E> Visitor for ResultVisitor<T, E>
-            where T: Deserialize,
-                  E: Deserialize
+        impl<'de, T, E> Visitor<'de> for ResultVisitor<T, E>
+            where T: Deserialize<'de>,
+                  E: Deserialize<'de>
         {
             type Value = Result<T, E>;
 
@@ -1451,7 +1455,7 @@ impl<T, E> Deserialize for Result<T, E>
             }
 
             fn visit_enum<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<Result<T, E>, V::Error>
-                where V: EnumVisitor
+                where V: EnumVisitor<'de>
             {
                 match try!(visitor.visit_variant()) {
                     (Field::Ok, variant) => variant.visit_newtype().map(Ok),
@@ -1472,14 +1476,14 @@ impl<T, E> Deserialize for Result<T, E>
 /// Deserialize and silently eats data given to it.
 pub struct IgnoredAny;
 
-impl Deserialize for IgnoredAny {
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for IgnoredAny {
     #[inline]
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<IgnoredAny, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         struct IgnoredAnyVisitor;
 
-        impl Visitor for IgnoredAnyVisitor {
+        impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for IgnoredAnyVisitor {
             type Value = IgnoredAny;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -1520,14 +1524,14 @@ impl Deserialize for IgnoredAny {
 
             #[inline]
             fn visit_some<D>(self, _: D) -> Result<IgnoredAny, D::Error>
-                where D: Deserializer
+                where D: Deserializer<'de>
             {
                 Ok(IgnoredAny)
             }
 
             #[inline]
             fn visit_newtype_struct<D>(self, _: D) -> Result<IgnoredAny, D::Error>
-                where D: Deserializer
+                where D: Deserializer<'de>
             {
                 Ok(IgnoredAny)
             }
@@ -1539,7 +1543,7 @@ impl Deserialize for IgnoredAny {
 
             #[inline]
             fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<IgnoredAny, V::Error>
-                where V: SeqVisitor
+                where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
             {
                 while let Some(_) = try!(visitor.visit::<IgnoredAny>()) {
                     // Gobble
@@ -1549,7 +1553,7 @@ impl Deserialize for IgnoredAny {
 
             #[inline]
             fn visit_map<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<IgnoredAny, V::Error>
-                where V: MapVisitor
+                where V: MapVisitor<'de>
             {
                 while let Some((_, _)) = try!(visitor.visit::<IgnoredAny, IgnoredAny>()) {
                     // Gobble
diff --git a/serde/src/de/mod.rs b/serde/src/de/mod.rs
index 334ef2ab..ad6944ba 100644
--- a/serde/src/de/mod.rs
+++ b/serde/src/de/mod.rs
@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ pub trait Error: Sized + error::Error {
     /// #     type Err = String;
     /// #     fn from_str(_: &str) -> Result<Self, String> { unimplemented!() }
     /// # }
-    /// impl Deserialize for IpAddr {
+    /// impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for IpAddr {
     ///     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-    ///         where D: Deserializer
+    ///         where D: Deserializer<'de>
     ///     {
     ///         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
     ///         s.parse().map_err(Error::custom)
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ pub trait Error: Sized + error::Error {
 /// # use std::fmt;
 /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
 /// # struct Example;
-/// # impl Visitor for Example {
+/// # impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for Example {
 /// # type Value = ();
 /// fn visit_bool<E>(self, v: bool) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
 ///     where E: Error
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Display for Unexpected<'a> {
 /// # use std::fmt;
 /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
 /// # struct Example;
-/// # impl Visitor for Example {
+/// # impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for Example {
 /// # type Value = ();
 /// fn visit_bool<E>(self, v: bool) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
 ///     where E: Error
@@ -405,8 +405,8 @@ pub trait Expected {
     fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result;
 }
 
-impl<T> Expected for T
-    where T: Visitor
+impl<'de, T> Expected for T
+    where T: Visitor<'de>
 {
     fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         self.expecting(formatter)
@@ -451,16 +451,36 @@ impl<'a> Display for Expected + 'a {
 /// [de]: https://docs.serde.rs/serde/de/index.html
 /// [codegen]: https://serde.rs/codegen.html
 /// [impl-deserialize]: https://serde.rs/impl-deserialize.html
-pub trait Deserialize: Sized {
+pub trait Deserialize<'de>: Sized {
     /// Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.
     ///
     /// See the [Implementing `Deserialize`][impl-deserialize] section of the
     /// manual for more information about how to implement this method.
     ///
     /// [impl-deserialize]: https://serde.rs/impl-deserialize.html
-    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> where D: Deserializer;
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>;
 }
 
+/// A data structure that can be deserialized without borrowing any data from
+/// the deserializer.
+///
+/// This is primarily useful for trait bounds on functions. For example a
+/// `from_str` function may be able to deserialize a data structure that borrows
+/// from the input string, but a `from_reader` function may only deserialize
+/// owned data.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// pub fn from_str<'a, T>(s: &'a str) -> Result<T>
+///     where T: Deserialize<'a>;
+///
+/// pub fn from_reader<R, T>(rdr: R) -> Result<T>
+///     where R: Read,
+///           T: DeserializeOwned;
+/// ```
+pub trait DeserializeOwned: for<'de> Deserialize<'de> {}
+impl<T> DeserializeOwned for T where T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de> {}
+
 /// `DeserializeSeed` is the stateful form of the `Deserialize` trait. If you
 /// ever find yourself looking for a way to pass data into a `Deserialize` impl,
 /// this trait is the way to do it.
@@ -479,7 +499,7 @@ pub trait Deserialize: Sized {
 /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
 /// # enum Error {}
 /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
-/// fn func<T: Deserialize>() -> Result<T, Error>
+/// fn func<'de, T: Deserialize<'de>>() -> Result<T, Error>
 /// # { unimplemented!() }
 /// ```
 ///
@@ -491,7 +511,7 @@ pub trait Deserialize: Sized {
 /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
 /// # enum Error {}
 /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
-/// fn func_seed<T: DeserializeSeed>(seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Error>
+/// fn func_seed<'de, T: DeserializeSeed<'de>>(seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Error>
 /// # {
 /// #     let _ = seed;
 /// #     unimplemented!()
@@ -523,8 +543,8 @@ pub trait Deserialize: Sized {
 /// // appending each integer into the existing Vec.
 /// struct ExtendVec<'a, T: 'a>(&'a mut Vec<T>);
 ///
-/// impl<'a, T> DeserializeSeed for ExtendVec<'a, T>
-///     where T: Deserialize
+/// impl<'de, 'a, T> DeserializeSeed<'de> for ExtendVec<'a, T>
+///     where T: Deserialize<'de>
 /// {
 ///     // The return type of the `deserialize` method. This implementation
 ///     // appends onto an existing vector but does not create any new data
@@ -532,19 +552,19 @@ pub trait Deserialize: Sized {
 ///     type Value = ();
 ///
 ///     fn deserialize<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-///         where D: Deserializer
+///         where D: Deserializer<'de>
 ///     {
 ///         // Visitor implementation that will walk an inner array of the JSON
 ///         // input.
 ///         struct ExtendVecVisitor<'a, T: 'a>(&'a mut Vec<T>);
 ///
-///         impl<'a, T> Visitor for ExtendVecVisitor<'a, T>
-///             where T: Deserialize
+///         impl<'de, 'a, T> Visitor<'de> for ExtendVecVisitor<'a, T>
+///             where T: Deserialize<'de>
 ///         {
 ///             type Value = ();
 ///
 ///             fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<(), V::Error>
-///                 where V: SeqVisitor
+///                 where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
 ///             {
 ///                 // Visit each element in the inner array and push it onto
 ///                 // the existing vector.
@@ -566,15 +586,15 @@ pub trait Deserialize: Sized {
 /// // Visitor implementation that will walk the outer array of the JSON input.
 /// struct FlattenedVecVisitor<T>(PhantomData<T>);
 ///
-/// impl<T> Visitor for FlattenedVecVisitor<T>
-///     where T: Deserialize
+/// impl<'de, T> Visitor<'de> for FlattenedVecVisitor<T>
+///     where T: Deserialize<'de>
 /// {
 ///     // This Visitor constructs a single Vec<T> to hold the flattened
 ///     // contents of the inner arrays.
 ///     type Value = Vec<T>;
 ///
 ///     fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<Vec<T>, V::Error>
-///         where V: SeqVisitor
+///         where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
 ///     {
 ///         // Create a single Vec to hold the flattened contents.
 ///         let mut vec = Vec::new();
@@ -594,29 +614,30 @@ pub trait Deserialize: Sized {
 /// }
 ///
 /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
-/// # fn example<D: Deserializer>(deserializer: D) -> Result<(), D::Error> {
+/// # fn example<'de, D: Deserializer<'de>>(deserializer: D) -> Result<(), D::Error> {
 /// let visitor = FlattenedVecVisitor(PhantomData);
 /// let flattened: Vec<u64> = deserializer.deserialize_seq(visitor)?;
 /// # let _ = flattened;
 /// # Ok(()) }
 /// ```
-pub trait DeserializeSeed: Sized {
+pub trait DeserializeSeed<'de>: Sized {
     /// The type produced by using this seed.
     type Value;
 
     /// Equivalent to the more common `Deserialize::deserialize` method, except
     /// with some initial piece of data (the seed) passed in.
-    fn deserialize<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error> where D: Deserializer;
+    fn deserialize<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>;
 }
 
-impl<T> DeserializeSeed for PhantomData<T>
-    where T: Deserialize
+impl<'de, T> DeserializeSeed<'de> for PhantomData<T>
+    where T: Deserialize<'de>
 {
     type Value = T;
 
     #[inline]
     fn deserialize<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<T, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         T::deserialize(deserializer)
     }
@@ -705,7 +726,7 @@ impl<T> DeserializeSeed for PhantomData<T>
 /// what type is in the input. Know that relying on `Deserializer::deserialize`
 /// means your data type will be able to deserialize from self-describing
 /// formats only, ruling out Bincode and many others.
-pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
+pub trait Deserializer<'de>: Sized {
     /// The error type that can be returned if some error occurs during
     /// deserialization.
     type Error: Error;
@@ -719,43 +740,43 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
     /// `Deserializer::deserialize` means your data type will be able to
     /// deserialize from self-describing formats only, ruling out Bincode and
     /// many others.
-    fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `bool` value.
-    fn deserialize_bool<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_bool<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `u8` value.
-    fn deserialize_u8<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_u8<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `u16` value.
-    fn deserialize_u16<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_u16<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `u32` value.
-    fn deserialize_u32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_u32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `u64` value.
-    fn deserialize_u64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_u64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an `i8` value.
-    fn deserialize_i8<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_i8<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an `i16` value.
-    fn deserialize_i16<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_i16<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an `i32` value.
-    fn deserialize_i32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_i32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an `i64` value.
-    fn deserialize_i64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_i64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `f32` value.
-    fn deserialize_f32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_f32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `f64` value.
-    fn deserialize_f64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_f64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `char` value.
-    fn deserialize_char<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_char<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a string value and does
     /// not benefit from taking ownership of buffered data owned by the
@@ -764,7 +785,7 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
     /// If the `Visitor` would benefit from taking ownership of `String` data,
     /// indiciate this to the `Deserializer` by using `deserialize_string`
     /// instead.
-    fn deserialize_str<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_str<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a string value and would
     /// benefit from taking ownership of buffered data owned by the
@@ -773,7 +794,7 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
     /// If the `Visitor` would not benefit from taking ownership of `String`
     /// data, indicate that to the `Deserializer` by using `deserialize_str`
     /// instead.
-    fn deserialize_string<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_string<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a byte array and does not
     /// benefit from taking ownership of buffered data owned by the
@@ -782,7 +803,7 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
     /// If the `Visitor` would benefit from taking ownership of `Vec<u8>` data,
     /// indicate this to the `Deserializer` by using `deserialize_byte_buf`
     /// instead.
-    fn deserialize_bytes<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_bytes<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a byte array and would
     /// benefit from taking ownership of buffered data owned by the
@@ -791,17 +812,17 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
     /// If the `Visitor` would not benefit from taking ownership of `Vec<u8>`
     /// data, indicate that to the `Deserializer` by using `deserialize_bytes`
     /// instead.
-    fn deserialize_byte_buf<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_byte_buf<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an optional value.
     ///
     /// This allows deserializers that encode an optional value as a nullable
     /// value to convert the null value into `None` and a regular value into
     /// `Some(value)`.
-    fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a unit value.
-    fn deserialize_unit<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_unit<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a unit struct with a
     /// particular name.
@@ -809,7 +830,7 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
                                   name: &'static str,
                                   visitor: V)
                                   -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a newtype struct with a
     /// particular name.
@@ -817,10 +838,10 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
                                      name: &'static str,
                                      visitor: V)
                                      -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a sequence of values.
-    fn deserialize_seq<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_seq<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a sequence of values and
     /// knows how many values there are without looking at the serialized data.
@@ -828,12 +849,12 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
                                      len: usize,
                                      visitor: V)
                                      -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a tuple value with a
     /// particular number of elements.
     fn deserialize_tuple<V>(self, len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a tuple struct with a
     /// particular name and number of fields.
@@ -842,10 +863,10 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
                                    len: usize,
                                    visitor: V)
                                    -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a map of key-value pairs.
-    fn deserialize_map<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor;
+    fn deserialize_map<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a struct with a particular
     /// name and fields.
@@ -854,12 +875,12 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
                              fields: &'static [&'static str],
                              visitor: V)
                              -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting the name of a struct
     /// field.
     fn deserialize_struct_field<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an enum value with a
     /// particular name and possible variants.
@@ -868,14 +889,14 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
                            variants: &'static [&'static str],
                            visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type needs to deserialize a value whose type
     /// doesn't matter because it is ignored.
     ///
     /// Deserializers for non-self-describing formats may not support this mode.
     fn deserialize_ignored_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -892,7 +913,7 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
 ///     min: usize,
 /// }
 ///
-/// impl Visitor for LongString {
+/// impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for LongString {
 ///     type Value = String;
 ///
 ///     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
@@ -910,7 +931,7 @@ pub trait Deserializer: Sized {
 ///     }
 /// }
 /// ```
-pub trait Visitor: Sized {
+pub trait Visitor<'de>: Sized {
     /// The value produced by this visitor.
     type Value;
 
@@ -925,7 +946,7 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
     /// # use std::fmt;
     /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
     /// # struct S { max: usize }
-    /// # impl serde::de::Visitor for S {
+    /// # impl<'de> serde::de::Visitor<'de> for S {
     /// # type Value = ();
     /// fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
     ///     write!(formatter, "an integer between 0 and {}", self.max)
@@ -1035,6 +1056,21 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
         Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::Str(v), &self))
     }
 
+    /// Deserialize a `&str` that is borrowed from the input data.
+    ///
+    /// This enables zero-copy deserialization of strings in some formats. For
+    /// example JSON input containing the JSON string `"borrowed"` can be
+    /// deserialized with zero copying into a `&'a str` as long as the input
+    /// data outlives `'a`.
+    ///
+    /// The default implementation forwards to `visit_str`.
+    #[inline]
+    fn visit_borrowed_str<E>(self, v: &'de str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
+        where E: Error
+    {
+        self.visit_str(v)
+    }
+
     /// Deserialize a `String` into a `Value`.
     ///
     /// This method allows the `Visitor` to avoid a copy by taking ownership of
@@ -1073,7 +1109,7 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
 
     /// Deserialize a present optional `Value`.
     fn visit_some<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let _ = deserializer;
         Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::Option, &self))
@@ -1081,7 +1117,7 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
 
     /// Deserialize `Value` as a newtype struct.
     fn visit_newtype_struct<D>(self, deserializer: D) -> Result<Self::Value, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         let _ = deserializer;
         Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::NewtypeStruct, &self))
@@ -1089,7 +1125,7 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
 
     /// Deserialize `Value` as a sequence of elements.
     fn visit_seq<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: SeqVisitor
+        where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
     {
         let _ = visitor;
         Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::Seq, &self))
@@ -1097,7 +1133,7 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
 
     /// Deserialize `Value` as a key-value map.
     fn visit_map<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: MapVisitor
+        where V: MapVisitor<'de>
     {
         let _ = visitor;
         Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::Map, &self))
@@ -1105,7 +1141,7 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
 
     /// Deserialize `Value` as an enum.
     fn visit_enum<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<Self::Value, V::Error>
-        where V: EnumVisitor
+        where V: EnumVisitor<'de>
     {
         let _ = visitor;
         Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::Enum, &self))
@@ -1128,6 +1164,20 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
         Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::Bytes(v), &self))
     }
 
+    /// Deserialize a `&[u8]` that is borrowed from the input data.
+    ///
+    /// This enables zero-copy deserialization of bytes in some formats. For
+    /// example Bincode data containing bytes can be deserialized with zero
+    /// copying into a `&'a [u8]` as long as the input data outlives `'a`.
+    ///
+    /// The default implementation forwards to `visit_bytes`.
+    #[inline]
+    fn visit_borrowed_bytes<E>(self, v: &'de [u8]) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
+        where E: Error
+    {
+        self.visit_bytes(v)
+    }
+
     /// Deserialize a `Vec<u8>` into a `Value`.
     ///
     /// This method allows the `Visitor` to avoid a copy by taking ownership of
@@ -1157,7 +1207,7 @@ pub trait Visitor: Sized {
 ///
 /// This is a trait that a `Deserializer` passes to a `Visitor` implementation,
 /// which deserializes each item in a sequence.
-pub trait SeqVisitor {
+pub trait SeqVisitor<'de> {
     /// The error type that can be returned if some error occurs during
     /// deserialization.
     type Error: Error;
@@ -1168,7 +1218,7 @@ pub trait SeqVisitor {
     /// `Deserialize` implementations should typically use `SeqVisitor::visit`
     /// instead.
     fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where T: DeserializeSeed;
+        where T: DeserializeSeed<'de>;
 
     /// This returns `Ok(Some(value))` for the next value in the sequence, or
     /// `Ok(None)` if there are no more remaining items.
@@ -1177,7 +1227,7 @@ pub trait SeqVisitor {
     /// `SeqVisitor` implementations should not override the default behavior.
     #[inline]
     fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Self::Error>
-        where T: Deserialize
+        where T: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         self.visit_seed(PhantomData)
     }
@@ -1189,21 +1239,21 @@ pub trait SeqVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, V> SeqVisitor for &'a mut V
-    where V: SeqVisitor
+impl<'de, 'a, V> SeqVisitor<'de> for &'a mut V
+    where V: SeqVisitor<'de>
 {
     type Error = V::Error;
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, V::Error>
-        where T: DeserializeSeed
+        where T: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         (**self).visit_seed(seed)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, V::Error>
-        where T: Deserialize
+        where T: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         (**self).visit()
     }
@@ -1219,7 +1269,7 @@ impl<'a, V> SeqVisitor for &'a mut V
 /// `MapVisitor` visits each item in a sequence.
 ///
 /// This is a trait that a `Deserializer` passes to a `Visitor` implementation.
-pub trait MapVisitor {
+pub trait MapVisitor<'de> {
     /// The error type that can be returned if some error occurs during
     /// deserialization.
     type Error: Error;
@@ -1230,14 +1280,14 @@ pub trait MapVisitor {
     /// `Deserialize` implementations should typically use
     /// `MapVisitor::visit_key` or `MapVisitor::visit` instead.
     fn visit_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where K: DeserializeSeed;
+        where K: DeserializeSeed<'de>;
 
     /// This returns a `Ok(value)` for the next value in the map.
     ///
     /// `Deserialize` implementations should typically use
     /// `MapVisitor::visit_value` instead.
     fn visit_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: DeserializeSeed;
+        where V: DeserializeSeed<'de>;
 
     /// This returns `Ok(Some((key, value)))` for the next (key-value) pair in
     /// the map, or `Ok(None)` if there are no more remaining items.
@@ -1252,8 +1302,8 @@ pub trait MapVisitor {
                         kseed: K,
                         vseed: V)
                         -> Result<Option<(K::Value, V::Value)>, Self::Error>
-        where K: DeserializeSeed,
-              V: DeserializeSeed
+        where K: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+              V: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match try!(self.visit_key_seed(kseed)) {
             Some(key) => {
@@ -1271,7 +1321,7 @@ pub trait MapVisitor {
     /// `MapVisitor` implementations should not override the default behavior.
     #[inline]
     fn visit_key<K>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<K>, Self::Error>
-        where K: Deserialize
+        where K: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         self.visit_key_seed(PhantomData)
     }
@@ -1282,7 +1332,7 @@ pub trait MapVisitor {
     /// `MapVisitor` implementations should not override the default behavior.
     #[inline]
     fn visit_value<V>(&mut self) -> Result<V, Self::Error>
-        where V: Deserialize
+        where V: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         self.visit_value_seed(PhantomData)
     }
@@ -1294,8 +1344,8 @@ pub trait MapVisitor {
     /// `MapVisitor` implementations should not override the default behavior.
     #[inline]
     fn visit<K, V>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<(K, V)>, Self::Error>
-        where K: Deserialize,
-              V: Deserialize
+        where K: Deserialize<'de>,
+              V: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         self.visit_seed(PhantomData, PhantomData)
     }
@@ -1307,21 +1357,21 @@ pub trait MapVisitor {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, V_> MapVisitor for &'a mut V_
-    where V_: MapVisitor
+impl<'de, 'a, V_> MapVisitor<'de> for &'a mut V_
+    where V_: MapVisitor<'de>
 {
     type Error = V_::Error;
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where K: DeserializeSeed
+        where K: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         (**self).visit_key_seed(seed)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: DeserializeSeed
+        where V: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         (**self).visit_value_seed(seed)
     }
@@ -1331,30 +1381,30 @@ impl<'a, V_> MapVisitor for &'a mut V_
                         kseed: K,
                         vseed: V)
                         -> Result<Option<(K::Value, V::Value)>, Self::Error>
-        where K: DeserializeSeed,
-              V: DeserializeSeed
+        where K: DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+              V: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         (**self).visit_seed(kseed, vseed)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit<K, V>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<(K, V)>, V_::Error>
-        where K: Deserialize,
-              V: Deserialize
+        where K: Deserialize<'de>,
+              V: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         (**self).visit()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit_key<K>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<K>, V_::Error>
-        where K: Deserialize
+        where K: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         (**self).visit_key()
     }
 
     #[inline]
     fn visit_value<V>(&mut self) -> Result<V, V_::Error>
-        where V: Deserialize
+        where V: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         (**self).visit_value()
     }
@@ -1370,20 +1420,20 @@ impl<'a, V_> MapVisitor for &'a mut V_
 /// `EnumVisitor` is a visitor that is created by the `Deserializer` and passed
 /// to the `Deserialize` in order to identify which variant of an enum to
 /// deserialize.
-pub trait EnumVisitor: Sized {
+pub trait EnumVisitor<'de>: Sized {
     /// The error type that can be returned if some error occurs during
     /// deserialization.
     type Error: Error;
     /// The `Visitor` that will be used to deserialize the content of the enum
     /// variant.
-    type Variant: VariantVisitor<Error = Self::Error>;
+    type Variant: VariantVisitor<'de, Error = Self::Error>;
 
     /// `visit_variant` is called to identify which variant to deserialize.
     ///
     /// `Deserialize` implementations should typically use
     /// `EnumVisitor::visit_variant` instead.
     fn visit_variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where V: DeserializeSeed;
+        where V: DeserializeSeed<'de>;
 
     /// `visit_variant` is called to identify which variant to deserialize.
     ///
@@ -1391,7 +1441,7 @@ pub trait EnumVisitor: Sized {
     /// `EnumVisitor` implementations should not override the default behavior.
     #[inline]
     fn visit_variant<V>(self) -> Result<(V, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where V: Deserialize
+        where V: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         self.visit_variant_seed(PhantomData)
     }
@@ -1400,7 +1450,7 @@ pub trait EnumVisitor: Sized {
 /// `VariantVisitor` is a visitor that is created by the `Deserializer` and
 /// passed to the `Deserialize` to deserialize the content of a particular enum
 /// variant.
-pub trait VariantVisitor: Sized {
+pub trait VariantVisitor<'de>: Sized {
     /// The error type that can be returned if some error occurs during
     /// deserialization. Must match the error type of our `EnumVisitor`.
     type Error: Error;
@@ -1437,7 +1487,7 @@ pub trait VariantVisitor: Sized {
     /// }
     /// ```
     fn visit_newtype_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
-        where T: DeserializeSeed;
+        where T: DeserializeSeed<'de>;
 
     /// Called when deserializing a variant with a single value.
     ///
@@ -1446,7 +1496,7 @@ pub trait VariantVisitor: Sized {
     /// behavior.
     #[inline]
     fn visit_newtype<T>(self) -> Result<T, Self::Error>
-        where T: Deserialize
+        where T: Deserialize<'de>
     {
         self.visit_newtype_seed(PhantomData)
     }
@@ -1470,7 +1520,7 @@ pub trait VariantVisitor: Sized {
     /// }
     /// ```
     fn visit_tuple<V>(self, len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 
     /// Called when deserializing a struct-like variant.
     ///
@@ -1494,7 +1544,7 @@ pub trait VariantVisitor: Sized {
                        fields: &'static [&'static str],
                        visitor: V)
                        -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: Visitor;
+        where V: Visitor<'de>;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/serde/src/de/private.rs b/serde/src/de/private.rs
index 092d66a6..0e001962 100644
--- a/serde/src/de/private.rs
+++ b/serde/src/de/private.rs
@@ -9,25 +9,25 @@ pub use de::content::{Content, ContentRefDeserializer, ContentDeserializer, Tagg
 
 /// If the missing field is of type `Option<T>` then treat is as `None`,
 /// otherwise it is an error.
-pub fn missing_field<V, E>(field: &'static str) -> Result<V, E>
-    where V: Deserialize,
+pub fn missing_field<'de, V, E>(field: &'static str) -> Result<V, E>
+    where V: Deserialize<'de>,
           E: Error
 {
     struct MissingFieldDeserializer<E>(&'static str, PhantomData<E>);
 
-    impl<E> Deserializer for MissingFieldDeserializer<E>
+    impl<'de, E> Deserializer<'de> for MissingFieldDeserializer<E>
         where E: Error
     {
         type Error = E;
 
         fn deserialize<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, E>
-            where V: Visitor
+            where V: Visitor<'de>
         {
             Err(Error::missing_field(self.0))
         }
 
         fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, E>
-            where V: Visitor
+            where V: Visitor<'de>
         {
             visitor.visit_none()
         }
diff --git a/serde/src/de/value.rs b/serde/src/de/value.rs
index 00f32d68..13aaaba7 100644
--- a/serde/src/de/value.rs
+++ b/serde/src/de/value.rs
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ impl error::Error for Error {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /// This trait converts primitive types into a deserializer.
-pub trait ValueDeserializer<E: de::Error = Error> {
+pub trait ValueDeserializer<'de, E: de::Error = Error> {
     /// The actual deserializer type.
-    type Deserializer: de::Deserializer<Error = E>;
+    type Deserializer: de::Deserializer<'de, Error = E>;
 
     /// Convert this value into a deserializer.
     fn into_deserializer(self) -> Self::Deserializer;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ pub trait ValueDeserializer<E: de::Error = Error> {
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-impl<E> ValueDeserializer<E> for ()
+impl<'de, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for ()
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = UnitDeserializer<E>;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub struct UnitDeserializer<E> {
     marker: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<E> de::Deserializer for UnitDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for UnitDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
@@ -120,13 +120,13 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for UnitDeserializer<E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_unit()
     }
 
     fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_none()
     }
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ macro_rules! primitive_deserializer {
             marker: PhantomData<E>
         }
 
-        impl<E> ValueDeserializer<E> for $ty
+        impl<'de, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for $ty
             where E: de::Error,
         {
             type Deserializer = $name<E>;
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ macro_rules! primitive_deserializer {
             }
         }
 
-        impl<E> de::Deserializer for $name<E>
+        impl<'de, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for $name<E>
             where E: de::Error,
         {
             type Error = E;
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ macro_rules! primitive_deserializer {
             }
 
             fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-                where V: de::Visitor,
+                where V: de::Visitor<'de>,
             {
                 visitor.$method(self.value $($cast)*)
             }
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ pub struct U32Deserializer<E> {
     marker: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<E> ValueDeserializer<E> for u32
+impl<'de, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for u32
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = U32Deserializer<E>;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ impl<E> ValueDeserializer<E> for u32
     }
 }
 
-impl<E> de::Deserializer for U32Deserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for U32Deserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for U32Deserializer<E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_u32(self.value)
     }
@@ -230,20 +230,20 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for U32Deserializer<E>
                            _variants: &'static [&'static str],
                            visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_enum(self)
     }
 }
 
-impl<E> de::EnumVisitor for U32Deserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::EnumVisitor<'de> for U32Deserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
     type Variant = private::UnitOnly<E>;
 
     fn visit_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<(T::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         seed.deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
     }
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ pub struct StrDeserializer<'a, E> {
     marker: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for &'a str
+impl<'de, 'a, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for &'a str
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = StrDeserializer<'a, E>;
@@ -270,13 +270,13 @@ impl<'a, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for &'a str
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for StrDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for StrDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_str(self.value)
     }
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for StrDeserializer<'a, E>
                            _variants: &'static [&'static str],
                            visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_enum(self)
     }
@@ -298,14 +298,14 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for StrDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::EnumVisitor for StrDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::EnumVisitor<'de> for StrDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
     type Variant = private::UnitOnly<E>;
 
     fn visit_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<(T::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         seed.deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
     }
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ pub struct StringDeserializer<E> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<E> ValueDeserializer<E> for String
+impl<'de, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for String
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = StringDeserializer<E>;
@@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ impl<E> ValueDeserializer<E> for String
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<E> de::Deserializer for StringDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for StringDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_string(self.value)
     }
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for StringDeserializer<E>
                            _variants: &'static [&'static str],
                            visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_enum(self)
     }
@@ -364,14 +364,14 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for StringDeserializer<E>
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<'a, E> de::EnumVisitor for StringDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::EnumVisitor<'de> for StringDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
     type Variant = private::UnitOnly<E>;
 
     fn visit_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<(T::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         seed.deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
     }
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ pub struct CowStrDeserializer<'a, E> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<'a, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for Cow<'a, str>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for Cow<'a, str>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>;
@@ -401,13 +401,13 @@ impl<'a, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for Cow<'a, str>
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.value {
             Cow::Borrowed(string) => visitor.visit_str(string),
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
                            _variants: &'static [&'static str],
                            visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_enum(self)
     }
@@ -433,14 +433,14 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<'a, E> de::EnumVisitor for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::EnumVisitor<'de> for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
     type Variant = private::UnitOnly<E>;
 
     fn visit_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<(T::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         seed.deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
     }
@@ -485,15 +485,15 @@ impl<I, E> SeqDeserializer<I, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, T, E> de::Deserializer for SeqDeserializer<I, E>
+impl<'de, I, T, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for SeqDeserializer<I, E>
     where I: Iterator<Item = T>,
-          T: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          T: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V>(mut self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         let v = try!(visitor.visit_seq(&mut self));
         try!(self.end());
@@ -507,15 +507,15 @@ impl<I, T, E> de::Deserializer for SeqDeserializer<I, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, T, E> de::SeqVisitor for SeqDeserializer<I, E>
+impl<'de, I, T, E> de::SeqVisitor<'de> for SeqDeserializer<I, E>
     where I: Iterator<Item = T>,
-          T: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          T: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn visit_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<Option<V::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where V: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.iter.next() {
             Some(value) => {
@@ -546,8 +546,8 @@ impl Expected for ExpectedInSeq {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for Vec<T>
-    where T: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<'de, T, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for Vec<T>
+    where T: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = SeqDeserializer<vec::IntoIter<T>, E>;
@@ -558,8 +558,8 @@ impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for Vec<T>
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for BTreeSet<T>
-    where T: ValueDeserializer<E> + Eq + Ord,
+impl<'de, T, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for BTreeSet<T>
+    where T: ValueDeserializer<'de, E> + Eq + Ord,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = SeqDeserializer<btree_set::IntoIter<T>, E>;
@@ -570,8 +570,8 @@ impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for BTreeSet<T>
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for HashSet<T>
-    where T: ValueDeserializer<E> + Eq + Hash,
+impl<'de, T, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for HashSet<T>
+    where T: ValueDeserializer<'de, E> + Eq + Hash,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = SeqDeserializer<hash_set::IntoIter<T>, E>;
@@ -584,31 +584,27 @@ impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for HashSet<T>
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /// A helper deserializer that deserializes a sequence using a `SeqVisitor`.
-pub struct SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_, E> {
+pub struct SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_> {
     visitor: V_,
-    marker: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<V_, E> SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>
-    where V_: de::SeqVisitor<Error = E>,
-          E: de::Error
-{
+impl<V_> SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_> {
     /// Construct a new `SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>`.
     pub fn new(visitor: V_) -> Self {
         SeqVisitorDeserializer {
             visitor: visitor,
-            marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<V_, E> de::Deserializer for SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>
-    where V_: de::SeqVisitor<Error = E>,
-          E: de::Error
+impl<'de, V_> de::Deserializer<'de> for SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_>
+    where V_: de::SeqVisitor<'de>
 {
-    type Error = E;
+    type Error = V_::Error;
 
-    fn deserialize<V: de::Visitor>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> {
+    fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
+    {
         visitor.visit_seq(self.visitor)
     }
 
@@ -622,24 +618,25 @@ impl<V_, E> de::Deserializer for SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /// A helper deserializer that deserializes a map.
-pub struct MapDeserializer<I, E>
+pub struct MapDeserializer<'de, I, E>
     where I: Iterator,
           I::Item: private::Pair,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     iter: iter::Fuse<I>,
     value: Option<<I::Item as private::Pair>::Second>,
     count: usize,
-    marker: PhantomData<E>,
+    lifetime: PhantomData<&'de ()>,
+    error: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<I, E> MapDeserializer<I, E>
+impl<'de, I, E> MapDeserializer<'de, I, E>
     where I: Iterator,
           I::Item: private::Pair,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     /// Construct a new `MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>`.
@@ -648,7 +645,8 @@ impl<I, E> MapDeserializer<I, E>
             iter: iter.fuse(),
             value: None,
             count: 0,
-            marker: PhantomData,
+            lifetime: PhantomData,
+            error: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
@@ -681,17 +679,17 @@ impl<I, E> MapDeserializer<I, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, E> de::Deserializer for MapDeserializer<I, E>
+impl<'de, I, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for MapDeserializer<'de, I, E>
     where I: Iterator,
           I::Item: private::Pair,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V_>(mut self, visitor: V_) -> Result<V_::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V_: de::Visitor
+        where V_: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         let value = try!(visitor.visit_map(&mut self));
         try!(self.end());
@@ -699,7 +697,7 @@ impl<I, E> de::Deserializer for MapDeserializer<I, E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_seq<V_>(mut self, visitor: V_) -> Result<V_::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V_: de::Visitor
+        where V_: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         let value = try!(visitor.visit_seq(&mut self));
         try!(self.end());
@@ -710,7 +708,7 @@ impl<I, E> de::Deserializer for MapDeserializer<I, E>
                                       _len: usize,
                                       visitor: V_)
                                       -> Result<V_::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V_: de::Visitor
+        where V_: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
     }
@@ -722,17 +720,17 @@ impl<I, E> de::Deserializer for MapDeserializer<I, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, E>
+impl<'de, I, E> de::MapVisitor<'de> for MapDeserializer<'de, I, E>
     where I: Iterator,
           I::Item: private::Pair,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn visit_key_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.next_pair() {
             Some((key, value)) => {
@@ -744,7 +742,7 @@ impl<I, E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, E>
     }
 
     fn visit_value_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         let value = self.value.take();
         // Panic because this indicates a bug in the program rather than an
@@ -757,8 +755,8 @@ impl<I, E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, E>
                           kseed: TK,
                           vseed: TV)
                           -> Result<Option<(TK::Value, TV::Value)>, Self::Error>
-        where TK: de::DeserializeSeed,
-              TV: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where TK: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>,
+              TV: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.next_pair() {
             Some((key, value)) => {
@@ -775,17 +773,17 @@ impl<I, E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, E>
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, E> de::SeqVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, E>
+impl<'de, I, E> de::SeqVisitor<'de> for MapDeserializer<'de, I, E>
     where I: Iterator,
           I::Item: private::Pair,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.next_pair() {
             Some((k, v)) => {
@@ -805,9 +803,9 @@ impl<I, E> de::SeqVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, E>
 // sequence of pairs.
 struct PairDeserializer<A, B, E>(A, B, PhantomData<E>);
 
-impl<A, B, E> de::Deserializer for PairDeserializer<A, B, E>
-    where A: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          B: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<'de, A, B, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for PairDeserializer<A, B, E>
+    where A: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
+          B: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
@@ -819,13 +817,13 @@ impl<A, B, E> de::Deserializer for PairDeserializer<A, B, E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
     }
 
     fn deserialize_seq<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         let mut pair_visitor = PairVisitor(Some(self.0), Some(self.1), PhantomData);
         let pair = try!(visitor.visit_seq(&mut pair_visitor));
@@ -840,7 +838,7 @@ impl<A, B, E> de::Deserializer for PairDeserializer<A, B, E>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_seq_fixed_size<V>(self, len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         if len == 2 {
             self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
@@ -854,15 +852,15 @@ impl<A, B, E> de::Deserializer for PairDeserializer<A, B, E>
 
 struct PairVisitor<A, B, E>(Option<A>, Option<B>, PhantomData<E>);
 
-impl<A, B, E> de::SeqVisitor for PairVisitor<A, B, E>
-    where A: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          B: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<'de, A, B, E> de::SeqVisitor<'de> for PairVisitor<A, B, E>
+    where A: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
+          B: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         if let Some(k) = self.0.take() {
             seed.deserialize(k.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
@@ -900,12 +898,12 @@ impl Expected for ExpectedInMap {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<K, V, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for BTreeMap<K, V>
-    where K: ValueDeserializer<E> + Eq + Ord,
-          V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<'de, K, V, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for BTreeMap<K, V>
+    where K: ValueDeserializer<'de, E> + Eq + Ord,
+          V: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
-    type Deserializer = MapDeserializer<btree_map::IntoIter<K, V>, E>;
+    type Deserializer = MapDeserializer<'de, btree_map::IntoIter<K, V>, E>;
 
     fn into_deserializer(self) -> Self::Deserializer {
         MapDeserializer::new(self.into_iter())
@@ -913,12 +911,12 @@ impl<K, V, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for BTreeMap<K, V>
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-impl<K, V, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for HashMap<K, V>
-    where K: ValueDeserializer<E> + Eq + Hash,
-          V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<'de, K, V, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for HashMap<K, V>
+    where K: ValueDeserializer<'de, E> + Eq + Hash,
+          V: ValueDeserializer<'de, E>,
           E: de::Error
 {
-    type Deserializer = MapDeserializer<hash_map::IntoIter<K, V>, E>;
+    type Deserializer = MapDeserializer<'de, hash_map::IntoIter<K, V>, E>;
 
     fn into_deserializer(self) -> Self::Deserializer {
         MapDeserializer::new(self.into_iter())
@@ -928,31 +926,27 @@ impl<K, V, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for HashMap<K, V>
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /// A helper deserializer that deserializes a map using a `MapVisitor`.
-pub struct MapVisitorDeserializer<V_, E> {
+pub struct MapVisitorDeserializer<V_> {
     visitor: V_,
-    marker: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<V_, E> MapVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>
-    where V_: de::MapVisitor<Error = E>,
-          E: de::Error
-{
+impl<V_> MapVisitorDeserializer<V_> {
     /// Construct a new `MapVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>`.
     pub fn new(visitor: V_) -> Self {
         MapVisitorDeserializer {
             visitor: visitor,
-            marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<V_, E> de::Deserializer for MapVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>
-    where V_: de::MapVisitor<Error = E>,
-          E: de::Error
+impl<'de, V_> de::Deserializer<'de> for MapVisitorDeserializer<V_>
+    where V_: de::MapVisitor<'de>
 {
-    type Error = E;
+    type Error = V_::Error;
 
-    fn deserialize<V: de::Visitor>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error> {
+    fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
+    {
         visitor.visit_map(self.visitor)
     }
 
@@ -965,7 +959,7 @@ impl<V_, E> de::Deserializer for MapVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-impl<'a, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for bytes::Bytes<'a>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for bytes::Bytes<'a>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = BytesDeserializer<'a, E>;
@@ -984,13 +978,13 @@ pub struct BytesDeserializer<'a, E> {
     marker: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for BytesDeserializer<'a, E>
+impl<'de, 'a, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for BytesDeserializer<'a, E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_bytes(self.value)
     }
@@ -1005,7 +999,7 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for BytesDeserializer<'a, E>
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<E> ValueDeserializer<E> for bytes::ByteBuf
+impl<'de, E> ValueDeserializer<'de, E> for bytes::ByteBuf
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Deserializer = ByteBufDeserializer<E>;
@@ -1026,13 +1020,13 @@ pub struct ByteBufDeserializer<E> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-impl<E> de::Deserializer for ByteBufDeserializer<E>
+impl<'de, E> de::Deserializer<'de> for ByteBufDeserializer<E>
     where E: de::Error
 {
     type Error = E;
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Visitor
+        where V: de::Visitor<'de>
     {
         visitor.visit_byte_buf(self.value)
     }
@@ -1058,7 +1052,7 @@ mod private {
         (t, UnitOnly { marker: PhantomData })
     }
 
-    impl<E> de::VariantVisitor for UnitOnly<E>
+    impl<'de, E> de::VariantVisitor<'de> for UnitOnly<E>
         where E: de::Error
     {
         type Error = E;
@@ -1068,13 +1062,13 @@ mod private {
         }
 
         fn visit_newtype_seed<T>(self, _seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
-            where T: de::DeserializeSeed
+            where T: de::DeserializeSeed<'de>
         {
             Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"newtype variant"))
         }
 
         fn visit_tuple<V>(self, _len: usize, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-            where V: de::Visitor
+            where V: de::Visitor<'de>
         {
             Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"tuple variant"))
         }
@@ -1083,7 +1077,7 @@ mod private {
                            _fields: &'static [&'static str],
                            _visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-            where V: de::Visitor
+            where V: de::Visitor<'de>
         {
             Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"struct variant"))
         }
diff --git a/serde/src/macros.rs b/serde/src/macros.rs
index 126c7ec1..b547f472 100644
--- a/serde/src/macros.rs
+++ b/serde/src/macros.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_method {
     ($func:ident($($arg:ty),*)) => {
         #[inline]
         fn $func<__V>(self, $(_: $arg,)* visitor: __V) -> ::std::result::Result<__V::Value, Self::Error>
-            where __V: $crate::de::Visitor
+            where __V: $crate::de::Visitor<'de>
         {
             self.deserialize(visitor)
         }
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_method {
     ($func:ident($($arg:ty),*)) => {
         #[inline]
         fn $func<__V>(self, $(_: $arg,)* visitor: __V) -> ::core::result::Result<__V::Value, Self::Error>
-            where __V: $crate::de::Visitor
+            where __V: $crate::de::Visitor<'de>
         {
             self.deserialize(visitor)
         }
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_helper {
 /// # #[macro_use] extern crate serde;
 /// # use serde::de::{value, Deserializer, Visitor};
 /// # pub struct MyDeserializer;
-/// # impl Deserializer for MyDeserializer {
+/// # impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for MyDeserializer {
 /// #     type Error = value::Error;
 /// #     fn deserialize<V>(self, _: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-/// #         where V: Visitor
+/// #         where V: Visitor<'de>
 /// #     { unimplemented!() }
 /// #
 /// #[inline]
 /// fn deserialize_bool<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-///     where V: Visitor
+///     where V: Visitor<'de>
 /// {
 ///     self.deserialize(visitor)
 /// }
@@ -164,10 +164,10 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_helper {
 /// # #[macro_use] extern crate serde;
 /// # use serde::de::{value, Deserializer, Visitor};
 /// # pub struct MyDeserializer;
-/// impl Deserializer for MyDeserializer {
+/// impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for MyDeserializer {
 /// #   type Error = value::Error;
 ///     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
-///         where V: Visitor
+///         where V: Visitor<'de>
 ///     {
 ///         /* ... */
 /// #       let _ = visitor;
@@ -182,6 +182,10 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_helper {
 /// }
 /// # fn main() {}
 /// ```
+///
+/// The macro assumes the convention that your `Deserializer` lifetime parameter
+/// is called `'de`. It will not work if the `Deserializer` lifetime parameter
+/// is called something different.
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize {
     ($($func:ident)*) => {
diff --git a/serde_derive/src/bound.rs b/serde_derive/src/bound.rs
index 2fe797a1..fe45344f 100644
--- a/serde_derive/src/bound.rs
+++ b/serde_derive/src/bound.rs
@@ -6,28 +6,8 @@ use internals::ast::Item;
 use internals::attr;
 
 macro_rules! path {
-    ($first:ident $(:: $rest:ident)*) => {
-        syn::Path {
-            global: false,
-            segments: vec![
-                stringify!($first).into(),
-                $(
-                    stringify!($rest).into(),
-                )*
-            ],
-        }
-    };
-
-    (::$first:ident $(:: $rest:ident)*) => {
-        syn::Path {
-            global: true,
-            segments: vec![
-                stringify!($first).into(),
-                $(
-                    stringify!($rest).into(),
-                )*
-            ],
-        }
+    ($($path:tt)+) => {
+        syn::parse_path(stringify!($($path)+)).unwrap()
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/serde_derive/src/de.rs b/serde_derive/src/de.rs
index 637efb51..6ab9f95e 100644
--- a/serde_derive/src/de.rs
+++ b/serde_derive/src/de.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use syn::{self, Ident};
-use quote::{self, Tokens};
+use quote::{self, Tokens, ToTokens};
 
 use bound;
 use fragment::{Fragment, Expr, Stmts, Match};
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub fn expand_derive_deserialize(item: &syn::DeriveInput) -> Result<Tokens, Stri
 
     let ident = &item.ident;
     let generics = build_generics(&item);
-    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
+    let (de_impl_generics, _, ty_generics, where_clause) = split_with_de_lifetime(&generics);
     let dummy_const = Ident::new(format!("_IMPL_DESERIALIZE_FOR_{}", ident));
     let body = Stmts(deserialize_body(&item, &generics));
 
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ pub fn expand_derive_deserialize(item: &syn::DeriveInput) -> Result<Tokens, Stri
         const #dummy_const: () = {
             extern crate serde as _serde;
             #[automatically_derived]
-            impl #impl_generics _serde::Deserialize for #ident #ty_generics #where_clause {
+            impl #de_impl_generics _serde::Deserialize<'de> for #ident #ty_generics #where_clause {
                 fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> _serde::export::Result<Self, __D::Error>
-                    where __D: _serde::Deserializer
+                    where __D: _serde::Deserializer<'de>
                 {
                     #body
                 }
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ fn build_generics(item: &Item) -> syn::Generics {
                 bound::with_bound(item,
                                   &generics,
                                   needs_deserialize_bound,
-                                  &path!(_serde::Deserialize));
+                                  &path!(_serde::Deserialize<'de>));
 
             bound::with_bound(item,
                               &generics,
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ fn deserialize_unit_struct(ident: &syn::Ident, item_attrs: &attr::Item) -> Fragm
     quote_block! {
         struct __Visitor;
 
-        impl _serde::de::Visitor for __Visitor {
+        impl<'de> _serde::de::Visitor<'de> for __Visitor {
             type Value = #ident;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ fn deserialize_unit_struct(ident: &syn::Ident, item_attrs: &attr::Item) -> Fragm
 
             #[inline]
             fn visit_seq<__V>(self, _: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<#ident, __V::Error>
-                where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor
+                where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor<'de>
             {
                 _serde::export::Ok(#ident)
             }
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ fn deserialize_tuple(ident: &syn::Ident,
                      item_attrs: &attr::Item,
                      deserializer: Option<Tokens>)
                      -> Fragment {
-    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = split_with_de_lifetime(generics);
 
     let is_enum = variant_ident.is_some();
     let type_path = match variant_ident {
@@ -192,7 +192,10 @@ fn deserialize_tuple(ident: &syn::Ident,
     let visit_seq = Stmts(deserialize_seq(ident, &type_path, generics, fields, false, item_attrs));
 
     let visitor_expr = quote! {
-        __Visitor { marker: _serde::export::PhantomData::<#ident #ty_generics> }
+        __Visitor {
+            marker: _serde::export::PhantomData::<#ident #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData,
+        }
     };
     let dispatch = if let Some(deserializer) = deserializer {
         quote!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_tuple(#deserializer, #nfields, #visitor_expr))
@@ -214,11 +217,12 @@ fn deserialize_tuple(ident: &syn::Ident,
     };
 
     quote_block! {
-        struct __Visitor #impl_generics #where_clause {
+        struct __Visitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
             marker: _serde::export::PhantomData<#ident #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData<&'de ()>,
         }
 
-        impl #impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor for __Visitor #ty_generics #where_clause {
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<'de> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
             type Value = #ident #ty_generics;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ fn deserialize_tuple(ident: &syn::Ident,
 
             #[inline]
             fn visit_seq<__V>(self, #visitor_var: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __V::Error>
-                where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor
+                where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor<'de>
             {
                 #visit_seq
             }
@@ -332,7 +336,7 @@ fn deserialize_newtype_struct(ident: &syn::Ident,
     quote! {
         #[inline]
         fn visit_newtype_struct<__E>(self, __e: __E) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __E::Error>
-            where __E: _serde::Deserializer
+            where __E: _serde::Deserializer<'de>
         {
             _serde::export::Ok(#type_path(#value))
         }
@@ -349,7 +353,7 @@ fn deserialize_struct(ident: &syn::Ident,
     let is_enum = variant_ident.is_some();
     let is_untagged = deserializer.is_some();
 
-    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = split_with_de_lifetime(generics);
 
     let type_path = match variant_ident {
         Some(variant_ident) => quote!(#ident::#variant_ident),
@@ -369,7 +373,10 @@ fn deserialize_struct(ident: &syn::Ident,
     let visit_map = Stmts(visit_map);
 
     let visitor_expr = quote! {
-        __Visitor { marker: _serde::export::PhantomData::<#ident #ty_generics> }
+        __Visitor {
+            marker: _serde::export::PhantomData::<#ident #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData,
+        }
     };
     let dispatch = if let Some(deserializer) = deserializer {
         quote! {
@@ -400,7 +407,7 @@ fn deserialize_struct(ident: &syn::Ident,
         Some(quote! {
             #[inline]
             fn visit_seq<__V>(self, #visitor_var: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __V::Error>
-                where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor
+                where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor<'de>
             {
                 #visit_seq
             }
@@ -410,11 +417,12 @@ fn deserialize_struct(ident: &syn::Ident,
     quote_block! {
         #field_visitor
 
-        struct __Visitor #impl_generics #where_clause {
+        struct __Visitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
             marker: _serde::export::PhantomData<#ident #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData<&'de ()>,
         }
 
-        impl #generics _serde::de::Visitor for __Visitor #ty_generics #where_clause {
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<'de> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
             type Value = #ident #ty_generics;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
@@ -425,7 +433,7 @@ fn deserialize_struct(ident: &syn::Ident,
 
             #[inline]
             fn visit_map<__V>(self, mut __visitor: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __V::Error>
-                where __V: _serde::de::MapVisitor
+                where __V: _serde::de::MapVisitor<'de>
             {
                 #visit_map
             }
@@ -472,7 +480,7 @@ fn deserialize_externally_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
                                       variants: &[Variant],
                                       item_attrs: &attr::Item)
                                       -> Fragment {
-    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = split_with_de_lifetime(generics);
 
     let type_name = item_attrs.name().deserialize_name();
 
@@ -533,11 +541,12 @@ fn deserialize_externally_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
     quote_block! {
         #variant_visitor
 
-        struct __Visitor #impl_generics #where_clause {
+        struct __Visitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
             marker: _serde::export::PhantomData<#ident #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData<&'de ()>,
         }
 
-        impl #generics _serde::de::Visitor for __Visitor #ty_generics #where_clause {
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<'de> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
             type Value = #ident #ty_generics;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
@@ -545,7 +554,7 @@ fn deserialize_externally_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
             }
 
             fn visit_enum<__V>(self, __visitor: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __V::Error>
-                where __V: _serde::de::EnumVisitor
+                where __V: _serde::de::EnumVisitor<'de>
             {
                 #match_variant
             }
@@ -556,6 +565,7 @@ fn deserialize_externally_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
         _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_enum(__deserializer, #type_name, VARIANTS,
                                                __Visitor {
                                                    marker: _serde::export::PhantomData::<#ident #ty_generics>,
+                                                   lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData,
                                                })
     }
 }
@@ -623,7 +633,7 @@ fn deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
                                       tag: &str,
                                       content: &str)
                                       -> Fragment {
-    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = split_with_de_lifetime(generics);
 
     let variant_names_idents: Vec<_> = variants.iter()
         .enumerate()
@@ -724,16 +734,17 @@ fn deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
 
         #variants_stmt
 
-        struct __Seed #impl_generics #where_clause {
+        struct __Seed #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
             field: __Field,
             marker: _serde::export::PhantomData<#ident #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData<&'de ()>,
         }
 
-        impl #impl_generics _serde::de::DeserializeSeed for __Seed #ty_generics #where_clause {
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::DeserializeSeed<'de> for __Seed #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
             type Value = #ident #ty_generics;
 
             fn deserialize<__D>(self, __deserializer: __D) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __D::Error>
-                where __D: _serde::Deserializer
+                where __D: _serde::Deserializer<'de>
             {
                 match self.field {
                     #(#variant_arms)*
@@ -741,11 +752,12 @@ fn deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
             }
         }
 
-        struct __Visitor #impl_generics #where_clause {
+        struct __Visitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
             marker: _serde::export::PhantomData<#ident #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData<&'de ()>,
         }
 
-        impl #impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor for __Visitor #ty_generics #where_clause {
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<'de> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
             type Value = #ident #ty_generics;
 
             fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
@@ -753,7 +765,7 @@ fn deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
             }
 
             fn visit_map<__V>(self, mut __visitor: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __V::Error>
-                where __V: _serde::de::MapVisitor
+                where __V: _serde::de::MapVisitor<'de>
             {
                 // Visit the first key.
                 match try!(_serde::de::MapVisitor::visit_key_seed(&mut __visitor, #tag_or_content)) {
@@ -769,7 +781,12 @@ fn deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
                             }
                             // Second key is the content.
                             _serde::export::Some(_serde::de::private::TagOrContentField::Content) => {
-                                let __ret = try!(_serde::de::MapVisitor::visit_value_seed(&mut __visitor, __Seed { field: __field, marker: _serde::export::PhantomData }));
+                                let __ret = try!(_serde::de::MapVisitor::visit_value_seed(&mut __visitor,
+                                    __Seed {
+                                        field: __field,
+                                        marker: _serde::export::PhantomData,
+                                        lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData,
+                                    }));
                                 // Visit the third key, hopefully there isn't one.
                                 #visit_third_key
                             }
@@ -812,13 +829,18 @@ fn deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
             }
 
             fn visit_seq<__V>(self, mut __visitor: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __V::Error>
-                where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor
+                where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor<'de>
             {
                 // Visit the first element - the tag.
                 match try!(_serde::de::SeqVisitor::visit(&mut __visitor)) {
                     _serde::export::Some(__field) => {
                         // Visit the second element - the content.
-                        match try!(_serde::de::SeqVisitor::visit_seed(&mut __visitor, __Seed { field: __field, marker: _serde::export::PhantomData })) {
+                        match try!(_serde::de::SeqVisitor::visit_seed(&mut __visitor,
+                                __Seed {
+                                    field: __field,
+                                    marker: _serde::export::PhantomData,
+                                    lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData,
+                                })) {
                             _serde::export::Some(__ret) => _serde::export::Ok(__ret),
                             // There is no second element.
                             _serde::export::None => {
@@ -836,7 +858,10 @@ fn deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(ident: &syn::Ident,
 
         const FIELDS: &'static [&'static str] = &[#tag, #content];
         _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_struct(__deserializer, #type_name, FIELDS,
-            __Visitor { marker: _serde::export::PhantomData::<#ident #ty_generics> })
+            __Visitor {
+                marker: _serde::export::PhantomData::<#ident #ty_generics>,
+                lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData,
+            })
     }
 }
 
@@ -1111,14 +1136,14 @@ fn deserialize_field_visitor(fields: Vec<(String, Ident)>,
             #ignore_variant
         }
 
-        impl _serde::Deserialize for __Field {
+        impl<'de> _serde::Deserialize<'de> for __Field {
             #[inline]
             fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> _serde::export::Result<__Field, __D::Error>
-                where __D: _serde::Deserializer
+                where __D: _serde::Deserializer<'de>
             {
                 struct __FieldVisitor;
 
-                impl _serde::de::Visitor for __FieldVisitor {
+                impl<'de> _serde::de::Visitor<'de> for __FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = __Field;
 
                     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
@@ -1334,27 +1359,29 @@ fn wrap_deserialize_with(ident: &syn::Ident,
                          field_ty: &syn::Ty,
                          deserialize_with: &syn::Path)
                          -> (Tokens, Tokens) {
-    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = split_with_de_lifetime(generics);
 
     let wrapper = quote! {
-        struct __DeserializeWith #impl_generics #where_clause {
+        struct __DeserializeWith #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
             value: #field_ty,
             phantom: _serde::export::PhantomData<#ident #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData<&'de ()>,
         }
 
-        impl #impl_generics _serde::Deserialize for __DeserializeWith #ty_generics #where_clause {
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::Deserialize<'de> for __DeserializeWith #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
             fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> _serde::export::Result<Self, __D::Error>
-                where __D: _serde::Deserializer
+                where __D: _serde::Deserializer<'de>
             {
                 _serde::export::Ok(__DeserializeWith {
                     value: try!(#deserialize_with(__deserializer)),
                     phantom: _serde::export::PhantomData,
+                    lifetime: _serde::export::PhantomData,
                 })
             }
         }
     };
 
-    let wrapper_ty = quote!(__DeserializeWith #ty_generics);
+    let wrapper_ty = quote!(__DeserializeWith #de_ty_generics);
 
     (wrapper, wrapper_ty)
 }
@@ -1414,3 +1441,32 @@ fn check_no_str(cx: &internals::Ctxt, item: &Item) {
         }
     }
 }
+
+struct DeImplGenerics<'a>(&'a syn::Generics);
+
+impl<'a> ToTokens for DeImplGenerics<'a> {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut Tokens) {
+        let mut generics = self.0.clone();
+        generics.lifetimes.insert(0, syn::LifetimeDef::new("'de"));
+        let (impl_generics, _, _) = generics.split_for_impl();
+        impl_generics.to_tokens(tokens);
+    }
+}
+
+struct DeTyGenerics<'a>(&'a syn::Generics);
+
+impl<'a> ToTokens for DeTyGenerics<'a> {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut Tokens) {
+        let mut generics = self.0.clone();
+        generics.lifetimes.insert(0, syn::LifetimeDef::new("'de"));
+        let (_, ty_generics, _) = generics.split_for_impl();
+        ty_generics.to_tokens(tokens);
+    }
+}
+
+fn split_with_de_lifetime(generics: &syn::Generics) -> (DeImplGenerics, DeTyGenerics, syn::TyGenerics, &syn::WhereClause) {
+    let de_impl_generics = DeImplGenerics(generics);
+    let de_ty_generics = DeTyGenerics(generics);
+    let (_, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
+    (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause)
+}
diff --git a/serde_test/src/assert.rs b/serde_test/src/assert.rs
index 9d281faa..fc33f282 100644
--- a/serde_test/src/assert.rs
+++ b/serde_test/src/assert.rs
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use token::Token;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 /// Runs both `assert_ser_tokens` and `assert_de_tokens`.
-pub fn assert_tokens<T>(value: &T, tokens: &[Token<'static>])
-    where T: Serialize + Deserialize + PartialEq + Debug
+pub fn assert_tokens<'de, T>(value: &T, tokens: &[Token<'static>])
+    where T: Serialize + Deserialize<'de> + PartialEq + Debug
 {
     assert_ser_tokens(value, tokens);
     assert_de_tokens(value, tokens);
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ pub fn assert_ser_tokens_error<T>(value: &T, tokens: &[Token], error: Error)
 }
 
 /// Asserts that the given `tokens` deserialize into `value`.
-pub fn assert_de_tokens<T>(value: &T, tokens: &[Token<'static>])
-    where T: Deserialize + PartialEq + Debug
+pub fn assert_de_tokens<'de, T>(value: &T, tokens: &[Token<'static>])
+    where T: Deserialize<'de> + PartialEq + Debug
 {
     let mut de = Deserializer::new(tokens.to_vec().into_iter());
     let v: Result<T, Error> = Deserialize::deserialize(&mut de);
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ pub fn assert_de_tokens<T>(value: &T, tokens: &[Token<'static>])
 }
 
 /// Asserts that the given `tokens` yield `error` when deserializing.
-pub fn assert_de_tokens_error<T>(tokens: &[Token<'static>], error: Error)
-    where T: Deserialize + PartialEq + Debug
+pub fn assert_de_tokens_error<'de, T>(tokens: &[Token<'static>], error: Error)
+    where T: Deserialize<'de> + PartialEq + Debug
 {
     let mut de = Deserializer::new(tokens.to_vec().into_iter());
     let v: Result<T, Error> = Deserialize::deserialize(&mut de);
diff --git a/serde_test/src/de.rs b/serde_test/src/de.rs
index e975186d..b2d6dd12 100644
--- a/serde_test/src/de.rs
+++ b/serde_test/src/de.rs
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ impl<I> Deserializer<I>
         }
     }
 
-    fn visit_seq<V>(&mut self,
+    fn visit_seq<'de, V>(&mut self,
                     len: Option<usize>,
                     sep: Token<'static>,
                     end: Token<'static>,
                     visitor: V)
                     -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         let value = try!(visitor.visit_seq(DeserializerSeqVisitor {
             de: self,
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ impl<I> Deserializer<I>
         Ok(value)
     }
 
-    fn visit_map<V>(&mut self,
+    fn visit_map<'de, V>(&mut self,
                     len: Option<usize>,
                     sep: Token<'static>,
                     end: Token<'static>,
                     visitor: V)
                     -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         let value = try!(visitor.visit_map(DeserializerMapVisitor {
             de: self,
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl<I> Deserializer<I>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
+impl<'de, 'a, I> de::Deserializer<'de> for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
     where I: Iterator<Item = Token<'static>>
 {
     type Error = Error;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
     }
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.next() {
             Some(Token::Bool(v)) => visitor.visit_bool(v),
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
     /// Hook into `Option` deserializing so we can treat `Unit` as a
     /// `None`, or a regular value as `Some(value)`.
     fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::Unit) |
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                            _variants: &'static [&'static str],
                            visitor: V)
                            -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumStart(n)) if name == n => {
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_unit_struct<V>(self, name: &str, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::UnitStruct(n)) => {
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(self, name: &str, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::StructNewType(n)) => {
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_seq_fixed_size<V>(self, len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::SeqArrayStart(_)) => {
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
     }
 
     fn deserialize_tuple<V>(self, len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::Unit) |
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                                    len: usize,
                                    visitor: V)
                                    -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::Unit) => {
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                              fields: &'static [&'static str],
                              visitor: V)
                              -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::StructStart(n, _)) => {
@@ -360,13 +360,13 @@ struct DeserializerSeqVisitor<'a, I: 'a>
     end: Token<'static>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, I> SeqVisitor for DeserializerSeqVisitor<'a, I>
+impl<'de, 'a, I> SeqVisitor<'de> for DeserializerSeqVisitor<'a, I>
     where I: Iterator<Item = Token<'static>>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
     fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Error>
-        where T: DeserializeSeed
+        where T: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         if self.de.tokens.peek() == Some(&self.end) {
             return Ok(None);
@@ -398,13 +398,13 @@ struct DeserializerMapVisitor<'a, I: 'a>
     end: Token<'static>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, I> MapVisitor for DeserializerMapVisitor<'a, I>
+impl<'de, 'a, I> MapVisitor<'de> for DeserializerMapVisitor<'a, I>
     where I: Iterator<Item = Token<'static>>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
     fn visit_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Error>
-        where K: DeserializeSeed
+        where K: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         if self.de.tokens.peek() == Some(&self.end) {
             return Ok(None);
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ impl<'a, I> MapVisitor for DeserializerMapVisitor<'a, I>
     }
 
     fn visit_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: DeserializeSeed
+        where V: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de)
     }
@@ -439,14 +439,14 @@ struct DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I: 'a>
     de: &'a mut Deserializer<I>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, I> EnumVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
+impl<'de, 'a, I> EnumVisitor<'de> for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
     where I: Iterator<Item = Token<'static>>
 {
     type Error = Error;
     type Variant = Self;
 
     fn visit_variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self), Error>
-        where V: DeserializeSeed
+        where V: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumUnit(_, v)) |
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ impl<'a, I> EnumVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, I> VariantVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
+impl<'de, 'a, I> VariantVisitor<'de> for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
     where I: Iterator<Item = Token<'static>>
 {
     type Error = Error;
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ impl<'a, I> VariantVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
     }
 
     fn visit_newtype_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
-        where T: DeserializeSeed
+        where T: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumNewType(_, _)) => {
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ impl<'a, I> VariantVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
     }
 
     fn visit_tuple<V>(self, len: usize, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumSeqStart(_, _, enum_len)) => {
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ impl<'a, I> VariantVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
     }
 
     fn visit_struct<V>(self, fields: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: Visitor
+        where V: Visitor<'de>
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumMapStart(_, _, enum_len)) => {
@@ -573,13 +573,13 @@ impl<'a, I: 'a> EnumMapVisitor<'a, I>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, I: 'a> MapVisitor for EnumMapVisitor<'a, I>
+impl<'de, 'a, I: 'a> MapVisitor<'de> for EnumMapVisitor<'a, I>
     where I: Iterator<Item = Token<'static>>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
     fn visit_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Error>
-        where K: DeserializeSeed
+        where K: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.variant.take() {
             Some(variant) => seed.deserialize(variant.into_deserializer()).map(Some),
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ impl<'a, I: 'a> MapVisitor for EnumMapVisitor<'a, I>
     }
 
     fn visit_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
-        where V: DeserializeSeed
+        where V: DeserializeSeed<'de>
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumSeqSep) => {
diff --git a/test_suite/tests/test_annotations.rs b/test_suite/tests/test_annotations.rs
index af49203b..3bcedd77 100644
--- a/test_suite/tests/test_annotations.rs
+++ b/test_suite/tests/test_annotations.rs
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ trait SerializeWith: Sized {
 }
 
 trait DeserializeWith: Sized {
-    fn deserialize_with<D>(de: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer;
+    fn deserialize_with<'de, D>(de: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>;
 }
 
 impl MyDefault for i32 {
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ impl SerializeWith for i32 {
 }
 
 impl DeserializeWith for i32 {
-    fn deserialize_with<D>(de: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+    fn deserialize_with<'de, D>(de: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         if try!(Deserialize::deserialize(de)) {
             Ok(123)
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@ impl Default for NotDeserializeStruct {
 }
 
 impl DeserializeWith for NotDeserializeStruct {
-    fn deserialize_with<D>(_: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-        where D: Deserializer
+    fn deserialize_with<'de, D>(_: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+        where D: Deserializer<'de>
     {
         panic!()
     }
diff --git a/test_suite/tests/test_gen.rs b/test_suite/tests/test_gen.rs
index 8cdb254e..68e63505 100644
--- a/test_suite/tests/test_gen.rs
+++ b/test_suite/tests/test_gen.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ extern crate serde_derive;
 
 extern crate serde;
 use self::serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer};
-use self::serde::de::{Deserialize, Deserializer};
+use self::serde::de::{DeserializeOwned, Deserializer};
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
@@ -64,15 +64,6 @@ fn test_gen() {
     }
     assert::<PhantomT<X>>();
 
-    #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-    struct Bounds<T: Serialize + Deserialize> {
-        t: T,
-        option: Option<T>,
-        boxed: Box<T>,
-        option_boxed: Option<Box<T>>,
-    }
-    assert::<Bounds<i32>>();
-
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
     struct NoBounds<T> {
         t: T,
@@ -206,7 +197,7 @@ fn test_gen() {
     assert::<CowStr>();
 
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-    #[serde(bound(deserialize = "T::Owned: Deserialize"))]
+    #[serde(bound(deserialize = "T::Owned: DeserializeOwned"))]
     struct CowT<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a + ToOwned>(Cow<'a, T>);
     assert::<CowT<str>>();
 
@@ -308,7 +299,7 @@ fn test_gen() {
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-fn assert<T: Serialize + Deserialize>() {}
+fn assert<T: Serialize + DeserializeOwned>() {}
 fn assert_ser<T: Serialize>() {}
 
 trait SerializeWith {
@@ -316,7 +307,7 @@ trait SerializeWith {
 }
 
 trait DeserializeWith: Sized {
-    fn deserialize_with<D: Deserializer>(_: D) -> StdResult<Self, D::Error>;
+    fn deserialize_with<'de, D: Deserializer<'de>>(_: D) -> StdResult<Self, D::Error>;
 }
 
 // Implements neither Serialize nor Deserialize
@@ -326,7 +317,7 @@ pub fn ser_x<S: Serializer>(_: &X, _: S) -> StdResult<S::Ok, S::Error> {
     unimplemented!()
 }
 
-pub fn de_x<D: Deserializer>(_: D) -> StdResult<X, D::Error> {
+pub fn de_x<'de, D: Deserializer<'de>>(_: D) -> StdResult<X, D::Error> {
     unimplemented!()
 }
 
@@ -341,7 +332,7 @@ impl SerializeWith for X {
 }
 
 impl DeserializeWith for X {
-    fn deserialize_with<D: Deserializer>(_: D) -> StdResult<Self, D::Error> {
+    fn deserialize_with<'de, D: Deserializer<'de>>(_: D) -> StdResult<Self, D::Error> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 }