rust/library/core/tests/ptr.rs

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use core::cell::RefCell;
use core::marker::Freeze;
use core::mem::{self, MaybeUninit};
use core::num::NonZero;
use core::ptr;
use core::ptr::*;
use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
#[test]
fn test_const_from_raw_parts() {
const SLICE: &[u8] = &[1, 2, 3, 4];
const FROM_RAW: &[u8] = unsafe { &*slice_from_raw_parts(SLICE.as_ptr(), SLICE.len()) };
assert_eq!(SLICE, FROM_RAW);
let slice = &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let from_raw = unsafe { &*slice_from_raw_parts(slice.as_ptr(), 2) };
assert_eq!(&slice[..2], from_raw);
}
#[test]
fn test() {
unsafe {
#[repr(C)]
struct Pair {
fst: isize,
snd: isize,
}
let mut p = Pair { fst: 10, snd: 20 };
let pptr: *mut Pair = addr_of_mut!(p);
let iptr: *mut isize = pptr as *mut isize;
assert_eq!(*iptr, 10);
*iptr = 30;
assert_eq!(*iptr, 30);
assert_eq!(p.fst, 30);
*pptr = Pair { fst: 50, snd: 60 };
assert_eq!(*iptr, 50);
assert_eq!(p.fst, 50);
assert_eq!(p.snd, 60);
let v0 = vec![32000u16, 32001u16, 32002u16];
let mut v1 = vec![0u16, 0u16, 0u16];
copy(v0.as_ptr().offset(1), v1.as_mut_ptr().offset(1), 1);
assert!((v1[0] == 0u16 && v1[1] == 32001u16 && v1[2] == 0u16));
copy(v0.as_ptr().offset(2), v1.as_mut_ptr(), 1);
assert!((v1[0] == 32002u16 && v1[1] == 32001u16 && v1[2] == 0u16));
copy(v0.as_ptr(), v1.as_mut_ptr().offset(2), 1);
assert!((v1[0] == 32002u16 && v1[1] == 32001u16 && v1[2] == 32000u16));
}
}
#[test]
fn test_is_null() {
let p: *const isize = null();
assert!(p.is_null());
let q = p.wrapping_offset(1);
assert!(!q.is_null());
let mp: *mut isize = null_mut();
assert!(mp.is_null());
let mq = mp.wrapping_offset(1);
assert!(!mq.is_null());
// Pointers to unsized types -- slices
let s: &mut [u8] = &mut [1, 2, 3];
let cs: *const [u8] = s;
assert!(!cs.is_null());
let ms: *mut [u8] = s;
assert!(!ms.is_null());
let cz: *const [u8] = &[];
assert!(!cz.is_null());
let mz: *mut [u8] = &mut [];
assert!(!mz.is_null());
let ncs: *const [u8] = null::<[u8; 3]>();
assert!(ncs.is_null());
let nms: *mut [u8] = null_mut::<[u8; 3]>();
assert!(nms.is_null());
// Pointers to unsized types -- trait objects
let ci: *const dyn ToString = &3;
assert!(!ci.is_null());
let mi: *mut dyn ToString = &mut 3;
assert!(!mi.is_null());
let nci: *const dyn ToString = null::<isize>();
assert!(nci.is_null());
let nmi: *mut dyn ToString = null_mut::<isize>();
assert!(nmi.is_null());
extern "C" {
type Extern;
}
let ec: *const Extern = null::<Extern>();
assert!(ec.is_null());
let em: *mut Extern = null_mut::<Extern>();
assert!(em.is_null());
}
#[test]
fn test_as_ref() {
unsafe {
let p: *const isize = null();
assert_eq!(p.as_ref(), None);
let q: *const isize = &2;
assert_eq!(q.as_ref().unwrap(), &2);
let p: *mut isize = null_mut();
assert_eq!(p.as_ref(), None);
let q: *mut isize = &mut 2;
assert_eq!(q.as_ref().unwrap(), &2);
// Lifetime inference
let u = 2isize;
{
let p = &u as *const isize;
assert_eq!(p.as_ref().unwrap(), &2);
}
// Pointers to unsized types -- slices
let s: &mut [u8] = &mut [1, 2, 3];
let cs: *const [u8] = s;
assert_eq!(cs.as_ref(), Some(&*s));
let ms: *mut [u8] = s;
assert_eq!(ms.as_ref(), Some(&*s));
let cz: *const [u8] = &[];
assert_eq!(cz.as_ref(), Some(&[][..]));
let mz: *mut [u8] = &mut [];
assert_eq!(mz.as_ref(), Some(&[][..]));
let ncs: *const [u8] = null::<[u8; 3]>();
assert_eq!(ncs.as_ref(), None);
let nms: *mut [u8] = null_mut::<[u8; 3]>();
assert_eq!(nms.as_ref(), None);
// Pointers to unsized types -- trait objects
let ci: *const dyn ToString = &3;
assert!(ci.as_ref().is_some());
let mi: *mut dyn ToString = &mut 3;
assert!(mi.as_ref().is_some());
let nci: *const dyn ToString = null::<isize>();
assert!(nci.as_ref().is_none());
let nmi: *mut dyn ToString = null_mut::<isize>();
assert!(nmi.as_ref().is_none());
}
}
#[test]
fn test_as_mut() {
unsafe {
let p: *mut isize = null_mut();
assert!(p.as_mut() == None);
let q: *mut isize = &mut 2;
assert!(q.as_mut().unwrap() == &mut 2);
// Lifetime inference
let mut u = 2isize;
{
let p = &mut u as *mut isize;
assert!(p.as_mut().unwrap() == &mut 2);
}
// Pointers to unsized types -- slices
let s: &mut [u8] = &mut [1, 2, 3];
let ms: *mut [u8] = s;
assert_eq!(ms.as_mut(), Some(&mut [1, 2, 3][..]));
let mz: *mut [u8] = &mut [];
assert_eq!(mz.as_mut(), Some(&mut [][..]));
let nms: *mut [u8] = null_mut::<[u8; 3]>();
assert_eq!(nms.as_mut(), None);
// Pointers to unsized types -- trait objects
let mi: *mut dyn ToString = &mut 3;
assert!(mi.as_mut().is_some());
let nmi: *mut dyn ToString = null_mut::<isize>();
assert!(nmi.as_mut().is_none());
}
}
#[test]
fn test_ptr_addition() {
unsafe {
let xs = vec![5; 16];
let mut ptr = xs.as_ptr();
let end = ptr.offset(16);
while ptr < end {
assert_eq!(*ptr, 5);
ptr = ptr.offset(1);
}
let mut xs_mut = xs;
let mut m_ptr = xs_mut.as_mut_ptr();
let m_end = m_ptr.offset(16);
while m_ptr < m_end {
*m_ptr += 5;
m_ptr = m_ptr.offset(1);
}
assert!(xs_mut == vec![10; 16]);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_ptr_subtraction() {
unsafe {
let xs = vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
let mut idx = 9;
let ptr = xs.as_ptr();
while idx >= 0 {
assert_eq!(*(ptr.offset(idx as isize)), idx as isize);
idx = idx - 1;
}
let mut xs_mut = xs;
let m_start = xs_mut.as_mut_ptr();
let mut m_ptr = m_start.offset(9);
loop {
*m_ptr += *m_ptr;
if m_ptr == m_start {
break;
}
m_ptr = m_ptr.offset(-1);
}
assert_eq!(xs_mut, [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_set_memory() {
let mut xs = [0u8; 20];
let ptr = xs.as_mut_ptr();
unsafe {
write_bytes(ptr, 5u8, xs.len());
}
assert!(xs == [5u8; 20]);
}
#[test]
fn test_set_memory_const() {
const XS: [u8; 20] = {
let mut xs = [0u8; 20];
let ptr = xs.as_mut_ptr();
unsafe {
ptr.write_bytes(5u8, xs.len());
}
xs
};
assert!(XS == [5u8; 20]);
}
#[test]
fn test_unsized_nonnull() {
let xs: &[i32] = &[1, 2, 3];
let ptr = unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(xs as *const [i32] as *mut [i32]) };
let ys = unsafe { ptr.as_ref() };
let zs: &[i32] = &[1, 2, 3];
assert!(ys == zs);
}
#[test]
fn test_const_nonnull_new() {
const {
assert!(NonNull::new(core::ptr::null_mut::<()>()).is_none());
let value = &mut 0u32;
let mut ptr = NonNull::new(value).unwrap();
unsafe { *ptr.as_mut() = 42 };
let reference = unsafe { &*ptr.as_ref() };
assert!(*reference == *value);
assert!(*reference == 42);
};
}
#[test]
#[cfg(unix)] // printf may not be available on other platforms
#[allow(deprecated)] // For SipHasher
pub fn test_variadic_fnptr() {
use core::ffi;
use core::hash::{Hash, SipHasher};
extern "C" {
// This needs to use the correct function signature even though it isn't called as some
// codegen backends make it UB to declare a function with multiple conflicting signatures
// (like LLVM) while others straight up return an error (like Cranelift).
fn printf(_: *const ffi::c_char, ...) -> ffi::c_int;
}
let p: unsafe extern "C" fn(*const ffi::c_char, ...) -> ffi::c_int = printf;
let q = p.clone();
assert_eq!(p, q);
assert!(!(p < q));
let mut s = SipHasher::new();
assert_eq!(p.hash(&mut s), q.hash(&mut s));
}
#[test]
fn write_unaligned_drop() {
thread_local! {
static DROPS: RefCell<Vec<u32>> = RefCell::new(Vec::new());
}
struct Dropper(u32);
impl Drop for Dropper {
fn drop(&mut self) {
DROPS.with(|d| d.borrow_mut().push(self.0));
}
}
{
let c = Dropper(0);
let mut t = Dropper(1);
unsafe {
write_unaligned(&mut t, c);
}
}
DROPS.with(|d| assert_eq!(*d.borrow(), [0]));
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_zst() {
// For pointers of stride = 0, the pointer is already aligned or it cannot be aligned at
// all, because no amount of elements will align the pointer.
let mut p = 1;
while p < 1024 {
assert_eq!(ptr::without_provenance::<()>(p).align_offset(p), 0);
if p != 1 {
assert_eq!(ptr::without_provenance::<()>(p + 1).align_offset(p), !0);
}
p = (p + 1).next_power_of_two();
}
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_zst_const() {
const {
// For pointers of stride = 0, the pointer is already aligned or it cannot be aligned at
// all, because no amount of elements will align the pointer.
let mut p = 1;
while p < 1024 {
assert!(ptr::without_provenance::<()>(p).align_offset(p) == 0);
if p != 1 {
assert!(ptr::without_provenance::<()>(p + 1).align_offset(p) == !0);
}
p = (p + 1).next_power_of_two();
}
}
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_stride_one() {
// For pointers of stride = 1, the pointer can always be aligned. The offset is equal to
// number of bytes.
let mut align = 1;
while align < 1024 {
for ptr in 1..2 * align {
let expected = ptr % align;
let offset = if expected == 0 { 0 } else { align - expected };
assert_eq!(
ptr::without_provenance::<u8>(ptr).align_offset(align),
offset,
"ptr = {}, align = {}, size = 1",
ptr,
align
);
}
align = (align + 1).next_power_of_two();
}
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_stride_one_const() {
const {
// For pointers of stride = 1, the pointer can always be aligned. The offset is equal to
// number of bytes.
let mut align = 1;
while align < 1024 {
let mut ptr = 1;
while ptr < 2 * align {
let expected = ptr % align;
let offset = if expected == 0 { 0 } else { align - expected };
assert!(ptr::without_provenance::<u8>(ptr).align_offset(align) == offset);
ptr += 1;
}
align = (align + 1).next_power_of_two();
}
}
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_various_strides() {
unsafe fn test_stride<T>(ptr: *const T, align: usize) -> bool {
let numptr = ptr as usize;
let mut expected = usize::MAX;
// Naive but definitely correct way to find the *first* aligned element of stride::<T>.
for el in 0..align {
if (numptr + el * ::std::mem::size_of::<T>()) % align == 0 {
expected = el;
break;
}
}
let got = ptr.align_offset(align);
if got != expected {
eprintln!(
"aligning {:p} (with stride of {}) to {}, expected {}, got {}",
ptr,
::std::mem::size_of::<T>(),
align,
expected,
got
);
return true;
}
return false;
}
// For pointers of stride != 1, we verify the algorithm against the naivest possible
// implementation
let mut align = 1;
let mut x = false;
// Miri is too slow
let limit = if cfg!(miri) { 32 } else { 1024 };
while align < limit {
for ptr in 1usize..4 * align {
unsafe {
#[repr(packed)]
struct A3(#[allow(dead_code)] u16, #[allow(dead_code)] u8);
x |= test_stride::<A3>(ptr::without_provenance::<A3>(ptr), align);
struct A4(#[allow(dead_code)] u32);
x |= test_stride::<A4>(ptr::without_provenance::<A4>(ptr), align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A5(#[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u8);
x |= test_stride::<A5>(ptr::without_provenance::<A5>(ptr), align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A6(#[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u16);
x |= test_stride::<A6>(ptr::without_provenance::<A6>(ptr), align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A7(#[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u16, #[allow(dead_code)] u8);
x |= test_stride::<A7>(ptr::without_provenance::<A7>(ptr), align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A8(#[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u32);
x |= test_stride::<A8>(ptr::without_provenance::<A8>(ptr), align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A9(#[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u8);
x |= test_stride::<A9>(ptr::without_provenance::<A9>(ptr), align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A10(
#[allow(dead_code)] u32,
#[allow(dead_code)] u32,
#[allow(dead_code)] u16,
);
x |= test_stride::<A10>(ptr::without_provenance::<A10>(ptr), align);
x |= test_stride::<u32>(ptr::without_provenance::<u32>(ptr), align);
x |= test_stride::<u128>(ptr::without_provenance::<u128>(ptr), align);
}
}
align = (align + 1).next_power_of_two();
}
assert!(!x);
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_various_strides_const() {
const unsafe fn test_stride<T>(ptr: *const T, numptr: usize, align: usize) {
let mut expected = usize::MAX;
// Naive but definitely correct way to find the *first* aligned element of stride::<T>.
let mut el = 0;
while el < align {
if (numptr + el * ::std::mem::size_of::<T>()) % align == 0 {
expected = el;
break;
}
el += 1;
}
let got = ptr.align_offset(align);
assert!(got == expected);
}
const {
// For pointers of stride != 1, we verify the algorithm against the naivest possible
// implementation
let mut align = 1;
let limit = 32;
while align < limit {
let mut ptr = 1;
while ptr < 4 * align {
unsafe {
#[repr(packed)]
struct A3(#[allow(dead_code)] u16, #[allow(dead_code)] u8);
test_stride::<A3>(ptr::without_provenance::<A3>(ptr), ptr, align);
struct A4(#[allow(dead_code)] u32);
test_stride::<A4>(ptr::without_provenance::<A4>(ptr), ptr, align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A5(#[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u8);
test_stride::<A5>(ptr::without_provenance::<A5>(ptr), ptr, align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A6(#[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u16);
test_stride::<A6>(ptr::without_provenance::<A6>(ptr), ptr, align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A7(
#[allow(dead_code)] u32,
#[allow(dead_code)] u16,
#[allow(dead_code)] u8,
);
test_stride::<A7>(ptr::without_provenance::<A7>(ptr), ptr, align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A8(#[allow(dead_code)] u32, #[allow(dead_code)] u32);
test_stride::<A8>(ptr::without_provenance::<A8>(ptr), ptr, align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A9(
#[allow(dead_code)] u32,
#[allow(dead_code)] u32,
#[allow(dead_code)] u8,
);
test_stride::<A9>(ptr::without_provenance::<A9>(ptr), ptr, align);
#[repr(packed)]
struct A10(
#[allow(dead_code)] u32,
#[allow(dead_code)] u32,
#[allow(dead_code)] u16,
);
test_stride::<A10>(ptr::without_provenance::<A10>(ptr), ptr, align);
test_stride::<u32>(ptr::without_provenance::<u32>(ptr), ptr, align);
test_stride::<u128>(ptr::without_provenance::<u128>(ptr), ptr, align);
}
ptr += 1;
}
align = (align + 1).next_power_of_two();
}
}
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_with_provenance_const() {
const {
// On some platforms (e.g. msp430-none-elf), the alignment of `i32` is less than 4.
#[repr(align(4))]
struct AlignedI32(i32);
let data = AlignedI32(42);
// `stride % align == 0` (usual case)
let ptr: *const i32 = &data.0;
assert!(ptr.align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr.align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr.align_offset(4) == 0);
assert!(ptr.align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(2) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(4) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(2) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_add(42).align_offset(4) == 0);
assert!(ptr.wrapping_add(42).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
let ptr1: *const i8 = ptr.cast();
assert!(ptr1.align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr1.align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr1.align_offset(4) == 0);
assert!(ptr1.align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(2) == 1);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(4) == 3);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(4) == 2);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(2) == 1);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(4) == 1);
assert!(ptr1.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
let ptr2: *const i16 = ptr.cast();
assert!(ptr2.align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr2.align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr2.align_offset(4) == 0);
assert!(ptr2.align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr2.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr2.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(2) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr2.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr2.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr2.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(4) == 1);
assert!(ptr2.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr2.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr2.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(2) == usize::MAX);
let ptr3: *const i64 = ptr.cast();
assert!(ptr3.align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr3.align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr3.align_offset(4) == 0);
assert!(ptr3.align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr3.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr3.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(2) == usize::MAX);
// `stride % align != 0` (edge case)
let ptr4: *const [u8; 3] = ptr.cast();
assert!(ptr4.align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr4.align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr4.align_offset(4) == 0);
assert!(ptr4.align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(2) == 1);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(4) == 1);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(4) == 2);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(2) == 1);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(4) == 3);
assert!(ptr4.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
let ptr5: *const [u8; 5] = ptr.cast();
assert!(ptr5.align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr5.align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr5.align_offset(4) == 0);
assert!(ptr5.align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(2) == 1);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(4) == 3);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(1).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(2) == 0);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(4) == 2);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(2).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(1) == 0);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(2) == 1);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(4) == 1);
assert!(ptr5.wrapping_byte_add(3).align_offset(8) == usize::MAX);
}
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_issue_103361() {
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
const SIZE: usize = 1 << 47;
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
const SIZE: usize = 1 << 30;
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "16")]
const SIZE: usize = 1 << 13;
struct HugeSize(#[allow(dead_code)] [u8; SIZE - 1]);
let _ = ptr::without_provenance::<HugeSize>(SIZE).align_offset(SIZE);
}
#[test]
fn align_offset_issue_103361_const() {
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
const SIZE: usize = 1 << 47;
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
const SIZE: usize = 1 << 30;
#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "16")]
const SIZE: usize = 1 << 13;
struct HugeSize(#[allow(dead_code)] [u8; SIZE - 1]);
const {
assert!(ptr::without_provenance::<HugeSize>(SIZE - 1).align_offset(SIZE) == SIZE - 1);
assert!(ptr::without_provenance::<HugeSize>(SIZE).align_offset(SIZE) == 0);
assert!(ptr::without_provenance::<HugeSize>(SIZE + 1).align_offset(SIZE) == 1);
}
}
#[test]
fn is_aligned() {
let data = 42;
let ptr: *const i32 = &data;
assert!(ptr.is_aligned());
assert!(ptr.is_aligned_to(1));
assert!(ptr.is_aligned_to(2));
assert!(ptr.is_aligned_to(4));
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).is_aligned_to(1));
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).is_aligned_to(2));
assert!(!ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).is_aligned_to(4));
// At runtime either `ptr` or `ptr+1` is aligned to 8.
assert_ne!(ptr.is_aligned_to(8), ptr.wrapping_add(1).is_aligned_to(8));
}
#[test]
fn is_aligned_const() {
const {
let data = 42;
let ptr: *const i32 = &data;
assert!(ptr.is_aligned());
assert!(ptr.is_aligned_to(1));
assert!(ptr.is_aligned_to(2));
assert!(ptr.is_aligned_to(4));
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).is_aligned_to(1));
assert!(ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).is_aligned_to(2));
assert!(!ptr.wrapping_byte_add(2).is_aligned_to(4));
// At comptime neither `ptr` nor `ptr+1` is aligned to 8.
assert!(!ptr.is_aligned_to(8));
assert!(!ptr.wrapping_add(1).is_aligned_to(8));
}
}
#[test]
fn offset_from() {
let mut a = [0; 5];
let ptr1: *mut i32 = &mut a[1];
let ptr2: *mut i32 = &mut a[3];
unsafe {
assert_eq!(ptr2.offset_from(ptr1), 2);
assert_eq!(ptr1.offset_from(ptr2), -2);
assert_eq!(ptr1.offset(2), ptr2);
assert_eq!(ptr2.offset(-2), ptr1);
}
}
#[test]
fn ptr_metadata() {
struct Unit;
struct Pair<A, B: ?Sized>(A, B);
extern "C" {
type Extern;
}
let () = metadata(&());
let () = metadata(&Unit);
let () = metadata(&4_u32);
let () = metadata(&String::new());
let () = metadata(&Some(4_u32));
let () = metadata(&ptr_metadata);
let () = metadata(&|| {});
let () = metadata(&[4, 7]);
let () = metadata(&(4, String::new()));
let () = metadata(&Pair(4, String::new()));
let () = metadata(ptr::null::<()>() as *const Extern);
let () = metadata(ptr::null::<()>() as *const <&u32 as std::ops::Deref>::Target);
assert_eq!(metadata("foo"), 3_usize);
assert_eq!(metadata(&[4, 7][..]), 2_usize);
let dst_tuple: &(bool, [u8]) = &(true, [0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F]);
let dst_struct: &Pair<bool, [u8]> = &Pair(true, [0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F]);
assert_eq!(metadata(dst_tuple), 3_usize);
assert_eq!(metadata(dst_struct), 3_usize);
unsafe {
let dst_tuple: &(bool, str) = std::mem::transmute(dst_tuple);
let dst_struct: &Pair<bool, str> = std::mem::transmute(dst_struct);
assert_eq!(&dst_tuple.1, "foo");
assert_eq!(&dst_struct.1, "foo");
assert_eq!(metadata(dst_tuple), 3_usize);
assert_eq!(metadata(dst_struct), 3_usize);
}
let vtable_1: DynMetadata<dyn Debug> = metadata(&4_u16 as &dyn Debug);
let vtable_2: DynMetadata<dyn Display> = metadata(&4_u16 as &dyn Display);
let vtable_3: DynMetadata<dyn Display> = metadata(&4_u32 as &dyn Display);
let vtable_4: DynMetadata<dyn Display> = metadata(&(true, 7_u32) as &(bool, dyn Display));
let vtable_5: DynMetadata<dyn Display> =
metadata(&Pair(true, 7_u32) as &Pair<bool, dyn Display>);
unsafe {
let address_1: *const () = std::mem::transmute(vtable_1);
let address_2: *const () = std::mem::transmute(vtable_2);
let address_3: *const () = std::mem::transmute(vtable_3);
let address_4: *const () = std::mem::transmute(vtable_4);
let address_5: *const () = std::mem::transmute(vtable_5);
// Different trait => different vtable pointer
assert_ne!(address_1, address_2);
// Different erased type => different vtable pointer
assert_ne!(address_2, address_3);
// Same erased type and same trait => same vtable pointer.
// This is *not guaranteed*, so we skip it in Miri.
if !cfg!(miri) {
assert_eq!(address_3, address_4);
assert_eq!(address_3, address_5);
}
}
}
#[test]
fn ptr_metadata_bounds() {
fn metadata_eq_method_address<T: ?Sized>() -> usize {
// The `Metadata` associated type has an `Ord` bound, so this is valid:
<<T as Pointee>::Metadata as PartialEq>::eq as usize
}
// "Synthetic" trait impls generated by the compiler like those of `Pointee`
// are not checked for bounds of associated type.
// So with a buggy core we could have both:
// * `<dyn Display as Pointee>::Metadata == DynMetadata`
// * `DynMetadata: !PartialEq`
// … and cause an ICE here:
metadata_eq_method_address::<dyn Display>();
// For this reason, lets check here that bounds are satisfied:
let _ = static_assert_expected_bounds_for_metadata::<()>;
let _ = static_assert_expected_bounds_for_metadata::<usize>;
let _ = static_assert_expected_bounds_for_metadata::<DynMetadata<dyn Display>>;
fn _static_assert_associated_type<T: ?Sized>() {
let _ = static_assert_expected_bounds_for_metadata::<<T as Pointee>::Metadata>;
}
fn static_assert_expected_bounds_for_metadata<Meta>()
where
// Keep this in sync with the associated type in `library/core/src/ptr/metadata.rs`
Meta: Debug + Copy + Send + Sync + Ord + std::hash::Hash + Unpin + Freeze,
{
}
}
#[test]
fn pointee_metadata_debug() {
assert_eq!("()", format!("{:?}", metadata::<u32>(&17)));
assert_eq!("2", format!("{:?}", metadata::<[u32]>(&[19, 23])));
let for_dyn = format!("{:?}", metadata::<dyn Debug>(&29));
assert!(for_dyn.starts_with("DynMetadata(0x"), "{:?}", for_dyn);
}
#[test]
fn dyn_metadata() {
#[derive(Debug)]
#[repr(align(32))]
struct Something(#[allow(dead_code)] [u8; 47]);
let value = Something([0; 47]);
let trait_object: &dyn Debug = &value;
let meta = metadata(trait_object);
assert_eq!(meta.size_of(), 64);
assert_eq!(meta.size_of(), std::mem::size_of::<Something>());
assert_eq!(meta.align_of(), 32);
assert_eq!(meta.align_of(), std::mem::align_of::<Something>());
assert_eq!(meta.layout(), std::alloc::Layout::new::<Something>());
assert!(format!("{meta:?}").starts_with("DynMetadata(0x"));
}
#[test]
fn from_raw_parts() {
let mut value = 5_u32;
let address = &mut value as *mut _ as *mut ();
let trait_object: &dyn Display = &mut value;
let vtable = metadata(trait_object);
let trait_object = NonNull::from(trait_object);
assert_eq!(ptr::from_raw_parts(address, vtable), trait_object.as_ptr());
assert_eq!(ptr::from_raw_parts_mut(address, vtable), trait_object.as_ptr());
assert_eq!(NonNull::from_raw_parts(NonNull::new(address).unwrap(), vtable), trait_object);
let mut array = [5_u32, 5, 5, 5, 5];
let address = &mut array as *mut _ as *mut ();
let array_ptr = NonNull::from(&mut array);
let slice_ptr = NonNull::from(&mut array[..]);
assert_eq!(ptr::from_raw_parts(address, ()), array_ptr.as_ptr());
assert_eq!(ptr::from_raw_parts_mut(address, ()), array_ptr.as_ptr());
assert_eq!(NonNull::from_raw_parts(NonNull::new(address).unwrap(), ()), array_ptr);
assert_eq!(ptr::from_raw_parts(address, 5), slice_ptr.as_ptr());
assert_eq!(ptr::from_raw_parts_mut(address, 5), slice_ptr.as_ptr());
assert_eq!(NonNull::from_raw_parts(NonNull::new(address).unwrap(), 5), slice_ptr);
}
#[test]
fn thin_box() {
let foo = ThinBox::<dyn Display>::new(4);
assert_eq!(foo.to_string(), "4");
drop(foo);
let bar = ThinBox::<dyn Display>::new(7);
assert_eq!(bar.to_string(), "7");
// A slightly more interesting library that could be built on top of metadata APIs.
//
// * It could be generalized to any `T: ?Sized` (not just trait object)
// if `{size,align}_of_for_meta<T: ?Sized>(T::Metadata)` are added.
// * Constructing a `ThinBox` without consuming and deallocating a `Box`
// requires either the unstable `Unsize` marker trait,
// or the unstable `unsized_locals` language feature,
// or taking `&dyn T` and restricting to `T: Copy`.
use std::alloc::*;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
struct ThinBox<T>
where
T: ?Sized + Pointee<Metadata = DynMetadata<T>>,
{
ptr: NonNull<DynMetadata<T>>,
phantom: PhantomData<T>,
}
impl<T> ThinBox<T>
where
T: ?Sized + Pointee<Metadata = DynMetadata<T>>,
{
pub fn new<Value: std::marker::Unsize<T>>(value: Value) -> Self {
let unsized_: &T = &value;
let meta = metadata(unsized_);
let meta_layout = Layout::for_value(&meta);
let value_layout = Layout::for_value(&value);
let (layout, offset) = meta_layout.extend(value_layout).unwrap();
// `DynMetadata` is pointer-sized:
assert!(layout.size() > 0);
// If `ThinBox<T>` is generalized to any `T: ?Sized`,
// handle ZSTs with a dangling pointer without going through `alloc()`,
// like `Box<T>` does.
unsafe {
let ptr = NonNull::new(alloc(layout))
.unwrap_or_else(|| handle_alloc_error(layout))
.cast::<DynMetadata<T>>();
ptr.as_ptr().write(meta);
ptr.as_ptr().byte_add(offset).cast::<Value>().write(value);
Self { ptr, phantom: PhantomData }
}
}
fn meta(&self) -> DynMetadata<T> {
unsafe { *self.ptr.as_ref() }
}
fn layout(&self) -> (Layout, usize) {
let meta = self.meta();
Layout::for_value(&meta).extend(meta.layout()).unwrap()
}
fn value_ptr(&self) -> *const T {
let (_, offset) = self.layout();
let data_ptr = unsafe { self.ptr.cast::<u8>().as_ptr().add(offset) };
ptr::from_raw_parts(data_ptr, self.meta())
}
fn value_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut T {
let (_, offset) = self.layout();
// FIXME: can this line be shared with the same in `value_ptr()`
// without upsetting Stacked Borrows?
let data_ptr = unsafe { self.ptr.cast::<u8>().as_ptr().add(offset) };
from_raw_parts_mut(data_ptr, self.meta())
}
}
impl<T> std::ops::Deref for ThinBox<T>
where
T: ?Sized + Pointee<Metadata = DynMetadata<T>>,
{
type Target = T;
fn deref(&self) -> &T {
unsafe { &*self.value_ptr() }
}
}
impl<T> std::ops::DerefMut for ThinBox<T>
where
T: ?Sized + Pointee<Metadata = DynMetadata<T>>,
{
fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
unsafe { &mut *self.value_mut_ptr() }
}
}
impl<T> std::ops::Drop for ThinBox<T>
where
T: ?Sized + Pointee<Metadata = DynMetadata<T>>,
{
fn drop(&mut self) {
let (layout, _) = self.layout();
unsafe {
drop_in_place::<T>(&mut **self);
dealloc(self.ptr.cast().as_ptr(), layout);
}
}
}
}
#[test]
fn nonnull_tagged_pointer_with_provenance() {
let raw_pointer = Box::into_raw(Box::new(10));
let mut p = TaggedPointer::new(raw_pointer).unwrap();
assert_eq!(p.tag(), 0);
p.set_tag(1);
assert_eq!(p.tag(), 1);
assert_eq!(unsafe { *p.pointer().as_ptr() }, 10);
p.set_tag(3);
assert_eq!(p.tag(), 3);
assert_eq!(unsafe { *p.pointer().as_ptr() }, 10);
unsafe { drop(Box::from_raw(p.pointer().as_ptr())) };
/// A non-null pointer type which carries several bits of metadata and maintains provenance.
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct TaggedPointer<T>(NonNull<T>);
impl<T> Clone for TaggedPointer<T> {
fn clone(&self) -> Self {
Self(self.0)
}
}
impl<T> Copy for TaggedPointer<T> {}
impl<T> TaggedPointer<T> {
/// The ABI-required minimum alignment of the `P` type.
pub const ALIGNMENT: usize = core::mem::align_of::<T>();
/// A mask for data-carrying bits of the address.
pub const DATA_MASK: usize = !Self::ADDRESS_MASK;
/// Number of available bits of storage in the address.
pub const NUM_BITS: u32 = Self::ALIGNMENT.trailing_zeros();
/// A mask for the non-data-carrying bits of the address.
pub const ADDRESS_MASK: usize = usize::MAX << Self::NUM_BITS;
/// Creates a new tagged pointer from a possibly null pointer.
pub fn new(pointer: *mut T) -> Option<TaggedPointer<T>> {
Some(TaggedPointer(NonNull::new(pointer)?))
}
/// Consume this tagged pointer and produce a raw mutable pointer to the
/// memory location.
pub fn pointer(self) -> NonNull<T> {
// SAFETY: The `addr` guaranteed to have bits set in the Self::ADDRESS_MASK, so the result will be non-null.
self.0
.map_addr(|addr| unsafe { NonZero::new_unchecked(addr.get() & Self::ADDRESS_MASK) })
}
/// Consume this tagged pointer and produce the data it carries.
pub fn tag(&self) -> usize {
self.0.addr().get() & Self::DATA_MASK
}
/// Update the data this tagged pointer carries to a new value.
pub fn set_tag(&mut self, data: usize) {
assert_eq!(
data & Self::ADDRESS_MASK,
0,
"cannot set more data beyond the lowest NUM_BITS"
);
let data = data & Self::DATA_MASK;
// SAFETY: This value will always be non-zero because the upper bits (from
// ADDRESS_MASK) will always be non-zero. This a property of the type and its
// construction.
self.0 = self.0.map_addr(|addr| unsafe {
NonZero::new_unchecked((addr.get() & Self::ADDRESS_MASK) | data)
})
}
}
}
#[test]
fn swap_copy_untyped() {
// We call `{swap,copy}{,_nonoverlapping}` at `bool` type on data that is not a valid bool.
// These should all do untyped copies, so this should work fine.
let mut x = 5u8;
let mut y = 6u8;
let ptr1 = addr_of_mut!(x).cast::<bool>();
let ptr2 = addr_of_mut!(y).cast::<bool>();
unsafe {
ptr::swap(ptr1, ptr2);
ptr::swap_nonoverlapping(ptr1, ptr2, 1);
}
assert_eq!(x, 5);
assert_eq!(y, 6);
unsafe {
ptr::copy(ptr1, ptr2, 1);
ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(ptr1, ptr2, 1);
}
assert_eq!(x, 5);
assert_eq!(y, 5);
}
#[test]
fn test_const_copy() {
const {
let ptr1 = &1;
let mut ptr2 = &666;
// Copy ptr1 to ptr2, bytewise.
unsafe {
ptr::copy(
&ptr1 as *const _ as *const MaybeUninit<u8>,
&mut ptr2 as *mut _ as *mut MaybeUninit<u8>,
mem::size_of::<&i32>(),
);
}
// Make sure they still work.
assert!(*ptr1 == 1);
assert!(*ptr2 == 1);
};
const {
let ptr1 = &1;
let mut ptr2 = &666;
// Copy ptr1 to ptr2, bytewise.
unsafe {
ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
&ptr1 as *const _ as *const MaybeUninit<u8>,
&mut ptr2 as *mut _ as *mut MaybeUninit<u8>,
mem::size_of::<&i32>(),
);
}
// Make sure they still work.
assert!(*ptr1 == 1);
assert!(*ptr2 == 1);
};
}
#[test]
fn test_null_array_as_slice() {
let arr: *mut [u8; 4] = null_mut();
let ptr: *mut [u8] = arr.as_mut_slice();
assert!(ptr.is_null());
assert_eq!(ptr.len(), 4);
let arr: *const [u8; 4] = null();
let ptr: *const [u8] = arr.as_slice();
assert!(ptr.is_null());
assert_eq!(ptr.len(), 4);
}
#[test]
fn test_ptr_from_raw_parts_in_const() {
const EMPTY_SLICE_PTR: *const [i32] =
std::ptr::slice_from_raw_parts(std::ptr::without_provenance(123), 456);
assert_eq!(EMPTY_SLICE_PTR.addr(), 123);
assert_eq!(EMPTY_SLICE_PTR.len(), 456);
}
#[test]
fn test_ptr_metadata_in_const() {
use std::fmt::Debug;
const ARRAY_META: () = std::ptr::metadata::<[u16; 3]>(&[1, 2, 3]);
const SLICE_META: usize = std::ptr::metadata::<[u16]>(&[1, 2, 3]);
const DYN_META: DynMetadata<dyn Debug> = std::ptr::metadata::<dyn Debug>(&[0_u8; 42]);
assert_eq!(ARRAY_META, ());
assert_eq!(SLICE_META, 3);
assert_eq!(DYN_META.size_of(), 42);
}