Make `checked` ops emit *unchecked* LLVM operations where feasible
For things with easily pre-checked overflow conditions -- shifts and unsigned subtraction -- write the checked methods in such a way that we stop emitting wrapping versions of them.
For example, today <https://rust.godbolt.org/z/qM9YK8Txb> neither
```rust
a.checked_sub(b).unwrap()
```
nor
```rust
a.checked_sub(b).unwrap_unchecked()
```
actually optimizes to `sub nuw`. After this PR they do.
cc #103299
9c7b1f4848