rustc_metadata: Fix `encode_attrs`
This function didn't do what the authors intended it to do.
- Due to `move` in the closure `is_public` wasn't captured by mutalbe reference and wasn't used as a cache.
- Due to iterator cloning all the `should_encode_attr` logic run for the second time to calculate `may_have_doc_links`
This PR fixes these issues, and calculates all the needed attribute flags in one go.
(Noticed while implementing https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/107136.)
eb5e63e3f0