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bors e1cb9ba221 Auto merge of #40008 - eddyb:lazy-12, r=nikomatsakis [12/12] On-demand type-checking, const-evaluation, MIR building & const-qualification. _This is the last of a series ([prev](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/38813)) of patches designed to rework rustc into an out-of-order on-demand pipeline model for both better feature support (e.g. [MIR-based](https://github.com/solson/miri) early constant evaluation) and incremental execution of compiler passes (e.g. type-checking), with beneficial consequences to IDE support as well. If any motivation is unclear, please ask for additional PR description clarifications or code comments._ <hr> As this contains all of the changes that didn't fit neatly into other PRs, I'll be elaborating a bit: ### User-facing changes * when determining whether an `impl Trait` type implements an auto-trait (e.g. `Send` or `Sync`), the function the `impl Trait` came from has to be inferred and type-checking, disallowing cycles * this results from not having an obvious place to put the "deferred obligation" in on-demand atm * while we could model side-effects like that and "post-processing passes" better, it's still more limiting than being able to know the result in the original function (e.g. specialization) and there are serious problems around region-checking (if a `Send` impl required `'static`, it wasn't enforced) * early const-eval requires type-checking and const-qualification to be performed first, which means: * you get the intended errors before (if any) constant evaluation error that is simply fallout * associated consts should always work now, and `const fn` type parameters are properly tracked * don't get too excited, array lengths still can't depend on type parameters * #38864 works as intended now, with `Self` being allowed in `impl` bounds * #32205 is largely improved, with associated types being limited to "exact match" `impl`s (as opposed to traversing the specialization graph to resolve unspecified type parameters to their defaults in another `impl` or in the `trait`) while checking for overlaps building the specialization graph for that trait - once all the trait impls' have been checked for coherence (including ahead-of-time/on-demand), it's uniform * [crater report](https://gist.github.com/eddyb/bbb869072468c7e08d6d808e75938051) looks clean (aside from `clippy` which broke due to `rustc` internal changes) ### Compiler-internal changes * `ty::Generics` * no longer contains the actual type parameter defaults, instead they're associated with the type parameter's `DefId`, like associated types in a trait definition * this allows computing `ty::Generics` as a leaf (reading only its own HIR) * holds a mapping from `DefIndex` of type parameters to their indices * `ty::AdtDef` * only tracks `#[repr(simd)]` in its `ReprOptions` `repr` field * doesn't contain `enum` discriminant values, but instead each variant either refers to either an explicit value for its discriminant, or the distance from the last explicit discriminant, if any * the `.discriminants(tcx)` method produces an iterator of `ConstInt` values, looking up explicit discriminants in a separate map, if necessary * this allows computing `ty::AdtDef` as a leaf (reading only its own HIR) * Small note: the two above (`Generics`, `AdtDef`), `TraitDef` and `AssociatedItem` should probably end up as part of the HIR, eventually, as they're trivially constructed from it * `ty::FnSig` * now also holds ABI and unsafety, alongside argument types, return type and C variadicity * `&ty::BareFnTy` and `ty::ClosureTy` have been replaced with `PolyFnSig = Binder<FnSig>` * `BareFnTy` was interned and `ClosureTy` was treated as non-trivial to `Clone` because they had a `PolyFnSig` and so used to contain a `Vec<Ty>` (now `&[Ty]`) * `ty::maps` * all the `DepTrackingMap`s have been grouped in a structure available at `tcx.maps` * when creating the `tcx`, a set of `Providers` (one `fn` pointer per map) is required for the local crate, and one for all other crates (i.e. metadata loading), `librustc_driver` plugging the various crates (e.g. `librustc_metadata`, `librustc_typeck`, `librustc_mir`) into it * when a map is queried and the value is missing, the appropriate `fn` pointer from the `Providers` of that crate is called with the `TyCtxt` and the key being queried, to produce the value on-demand * `rustc_const_eval` * demands both `typeck_tables` and `mir_const_qualif` (in preparation for miri) * tracks `Substs` in `ConstVal::Function` for `const fn` calls * returns `TypeckError` if type-checking has failed (or cases that can only be reached if it had) * this error kind is never reported, resulting in less noisy/redundant diagnostics * fixes #39548 (testcase by @larsluthman, taken from #39812, which this supersedes) * on-demand has so far been hooked up to: * `rustc_metadata::cstore_impl`: `ty`, `generics`, `predicates`, `super_predicates`, `trait_def`, `adt_def`, `variances`, `associated_item_def_ids`, `associated_item`, `impl_trait_ref`, `custom_coerce_unsized_kind`, `mir`, `mir_const_qualif`, `typeck_tables`, `closure_kind`, `closure_type` * `rustc_typeck::collect`: `ty`, `generics`, `predicates`, `super_predicates`, `type_param_predicates`, `trait_def`, `adt_def`, `impl_trait_ref` * `rustc_typeck::coherence`: `coherent_trait`, `coherent_inherent_impls` * `rustc_typeck::check`: `typeck_tables`, `closure_type`, `closure_kind` * `rustc_mir::mir_map`: `mir` * `rustc_mir::transform::qualify_consts`: `mir_const_qualif`		2017-02-28 07:59:25 +00:00
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src	Auto merge of #40008 - eddyb:lazy-12, r=nikomatsakis	2017-02-28 07:59:25 +00:00
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README.md

The Rust Programming Language

This is the main source code repository for Rust. It contains the compiler, standard library, and documentation.

Quick Start

Read "Installing Rust" from The Book.

Building from Source

Make sure you have installed the dependencies:
- g++ 4.7 or later or clang++ 3.x
- python 2.7 (but not 3.x)
- GNU make 3.81 or later
- cmake 3.4.3 or later
- curl
- git

Clone the source with git:

$ git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git
$ cd rust

Build and install:
```
$ ./configure
$ make && sudo make install
```
Note: Install locations can be adjusted by passing a --prefix argument to configure. Various other options are also supported – pass --help for more information on them.

When complete, sudo make install will place several programs into /usr/local/bin: rustc, the Rust compiler, and rustdoc, the API-documentation tool. This install does not include Cargo, Rust's package manager, which you may also want to build.

Building on Windows

There are two prominent ABIs in use on Windows: the native (MSVC) ABI used by Visual Studio, and the GNU ABI used by the GCC toolchain. Which version of Rust you need depends largely on what C/C++ libraries you want to interoperate with: for interop with software produced by Visual Studio use the MSVC build of Rust; for interop with GNU software built using the MinGW/MSYS2 toolchain use the GNU build.

MinGW

MSYS2 can be used to easily build Rust on Windows:

Grab the latest MSYS2 installer and go through the installer.
Run mingw32_shell.bat or mingw64_shell.bat from wherever you installed MSYS2 (i.e. C:\msys64), depending on whether you want 32-bit or 64-bit Rust. (As of the latest version of MSYS2 you have to run msys2_shell.cmd -mingw32 or msys2_shell.cmd -mingw64 from the command line instead)

From this terminal, install the required tools:

# Update package mirrors (may be needed if you have a fresh install of MSYS2)
$ pacman -Sy pacman-mirrors

# Install build tools needed for Rust. If you're building a 32-bit compiler,
# then replace "x86_64" below with "i686". If you've already got git, python,
# or CMake installed and in PATH you can remove them from this list. Note
# that it is important that you do **not** use the 'python2' and 'cmake'
# packages from the 'msys2' subsystem. The build has historically been known
# to fail with these packages.
$ pacman -S git \
            make \
            diffutils \
            tar \
            mingw-w64-x86_64-python2 \
            mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake \
            mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc

Navigate to Rust's source code (or clone it), then configure and build it:
```
$ ./configure
$ make && make install
```

MSVC

MSVC builds of Rust additionally require an installation of Visual Studio 2013 (or later) so rustc can use its linker. Make sure to check the “C++ tools” option.

With these dependencies installed, you can build the compiler in a cmd.exe shell with:

> python x.py build

If you're running inside of an msys shell, however, you can run:

$ ./configure --build=x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
$ make && make install

Currently building Rust only works with some known versions of Visual Studio. If you have a more recent version installed the build system doesn't understand then you may need to force rustbuild to use an older version. This can be done by manually calling the appropriate vcvars file before running the bootstrap.

CALL "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\amd64\vcvars64.bat"
python x.py build

Building Documentation

If you’d like to build the documentation, it’s almost the same:

$ ./configure
$ make docs

The generated documentation will appear in a top-level doc directory, created by the make rule.

Notes

Since the Rust compiler is written in Rust, it must be built by a precompiled "snapshot" version of itself (made in an earlier state of development). As such, source builds require a connection to the Internet, to fetch snapshots, and an OS that can execute the available snapshot binaries.

Snapshot binaries are currently built and tested on several platforms:

Platform / Architecture	x86	x86_64
Windows (7, 8, Server 2008 R2)	✓	✓
Linux (2.6.18 or later)	✓	✓
OSX (10.7 Lion or later)	✓	✓

You may find that other platforms work, but these are our officially supported build environments that are most likely to work.

Rust currently needs between 600MiB and 1.5GiB to build, depending on platform. If it hits swap, it will take a very long time to build.

There is more advice about hacking on Rust in CONTRIBUTING.md.

Getting Help

The Rust community congregates in a few places:

Stack Overflow - Direct questions about using the language.
users.rust-lang.org - General discussion and broader questions.
/r/rust - News and general discussion.

Contributing

To contribute to Rust, please see CONTRIBUTING.

Rust has an IRC culture and most real-time collaboration happens in a variety of channels on Mozilla's IRC network, irc.mozilla.org. The most popular channel is #rust, a venue for general discussion about Rust. And a good place to ask for help would be #rust-beginners.

License

Rust is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the Apache License (Version 2.0), with portions covered by various BSD-like licenses.

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