rust/src/libstd/io/stdio.rs
2015-01-03 22:54:18 -05:00

566 lines
18 KiB
Rust

// Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
//! Non-blocking access to stdin, stdout, and stderr.
//!
//! This module provides bindings to the local event loop's TTY interface, using it
//! to offer synchronous but non-blocking versions of stdio. These handles can be
//! inspected for information about terminal dimensions or for related information
//! about the stream or terminal to which it is attached.
//!
//! # Example
//!
//! ```rust
//! # #![allow(unused_must_use)]
//! use std::io;
//!
//! let mut out = io::stdout();
//! out.write(b"Hello, world!");
//! ```
use self::StdSource::*;
use boxed::Box;
use cell::RefCell;
use clone::Clone;
use failure::LOCAL_STDERR;
use fmt;
use io::{Reader, Writer, IoResult, IoError, OtherIoError, Buffer,
standard_error, EndOfFile, LineBufferedWriter, BufferedReader};
use kinds::{Sync, Send};
use libc;
use mem;
use option::Option;
use option::Option::{Some, None};
use ops::{Deref, DerefMut, FnOnce};
use result::Result::{Ok, Err};
use rt;
use slice::SliceExt;
use str::StrExt;
use string::String;
use sys::{fs, tty};
use sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard, Once, ONCE_INIT};
use uint;
use vec::Vec;
// And so begins the tale of acquiring a uv handle to a stdio stream on all
// platforms in all situations. Our story begins by splitting the world into two
// categories, windows and unix. Then one day the creators of unix said let
// there be redirection! And henceforth there was redirection away from the
// console for standard I/O streams.
//
// After this day, the world split into four factions:
//
// 1. Unix with stdout on a terminal.
// 2. Unix with stdout redirected.
// 3. Windows with stdout on a terminal.
// 4. Windows with stdout redirected.
//
// Many years passed, and then one day the nation of libuv decided to unify this
// world. After months of toiling, uv created three ideas: TTY, Pipe, File.
// These three ideas propagated throughout the lands and the four great factions
// decided to settle among them.
//
// The groups of 1, 2, and 3 all worked very hard towards the idea of TTY. Upon
// doing so, they even enhanced themselves further then their Pipe/File
// brethren, becoming the dominant powers.
//
// The group of 4, however, decided to work independently. They abandoned the
// common TTY belief throughout, and even abandoned the fledgling Pipe belief.
// The members of the 4th faction decided to only align themselves with File.
//
// tl;dr; TTY works on everything but when windows stdout is redirected, in that
// case pipe also doesn't work, but magically file does!
enum StdSource {
TTY(tty::TTY),
File(fs::FileDesc),
}
fn src<T, F>(fd: libc::c_int, _readable: bool, f: F) -> T where
F: FnOnce(StdSource) -> T,
{
match tty::TTY::new(fd) {
Ok(tty) => f(TTY(tty)),
Err(_) => f(File(fs::FileDesc::new(fd, false))),
}
}
thread_local! {
static LOCAL_STDOUT: RefCell<Option<Box<Writer + Send>>> = {
RefCell::new(None)
}
}
struct RaceBox(BufferedReader<StdReader>);
unsafe impl Send for RaceBox {}
unsafe impl Sync for RaceBox {}
/// A synchronized wrapper around a buffered reader from stdin
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct StdinReader {
inner: Arc<Mutex<RaceBox>>,
}
unsafe impl Send for StdinReader {}
unsafe impl Sync for StdinReader {}
/// A guard for exclusive access to `StdinReader`'s internal `BufferedReader`.
pub struct StdinReaderGuard<'a> {
inner: MutexGuard<'a, RaceBox>,
}
impl<'a> Deref for StdinReaderGuard<'a> {
type Target = BufferedReader<StdReader>;
fn deref(&self) -> &BufferedReader<StdReader> {
&self.inner.0
}
}
impl<'a> DerefMut for StdinReaderGuard<'a> {
fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BufferedReader<StdReader> {
&mut self.inner.0
}
}
impl StdinReader {
/// Locks the `StdinReader`, granting the calling thread exclusive access
/// to the underlying `BufferedReader`.
///
/// This provides access to methods like `chars` and `lines`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::io;
///
/// for line in io::stdin().lock().lines() {
/// println!("{}", line.unwrap());
/// }
/// ```
pub fn lock<'a>(&'a mut self) -> StdinReaderGuard<'a> {
StdinReaderGuard {
inner: self.inner.lock().unwrap()
}
}
/// Like `Buffer::read_line`.
///
/// The read is performed atomically - concurrent read calls in other
/// threads will not interleave with this one.
pub fn read_line(&mut self) -> IoResult<String> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.read_line()
}
/// Like `Buffer::read_until`.
///
/// The read is performed atomically - concurrent read calls in other
/// threads will not interleave with this one.
pub fn read_until(&mut self, byte: u8) -> IoResult<Vec<u8>> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.read_until(byte)
}
/// Like `Buffer::read_char`.
///
/// The read is performed atomically - concurrent read calls in other
/// threads will not interleave with this one.
pub fn read_char(&mut self) -> IoResult<char> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.read_char()
}
}
impl Reader for StdinReader {
fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> IoResult<uint> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.read(buf)
}
// We have to manually delegate all of these because the default impls call
// read more than once and we don't want those calls to interleave (or
// incur the costs of repeated locking).
fn read_at_least(&mut self, min: uint, buf: &mut [u8]) -> IoResult<uint> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.read_at_least(min, buf)
}
fn push_at_least(&mut self, min: uint, len: uint, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> IoResult<uint> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.push_at_least(min, len, buf)
}
fn read_to_end(&mut self) -> IoResult<Vec<u8>> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.read_to_end()
}
fn read_le_uint_n(&mut self, nbytes: uint) -> IoResult<u64> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.read_le_uint_n(nbytes)
}
fn read_be_uint_n(&mut self, nbytes: uint) -> IoResult<u64> {
self.inner.lock().unwrap().0.read_be_uint_n(nbytes)
}
}
/// Creates a new handle to the stdin of the current process.
///
/// The returned handle is a wrapper around a global `BufferedReader` shared
/// by all threads. If buffered access is not desired, the `stdin_raw` function
/// is provided to provided unbuffered access to stdin.
///
/// See `stdout()` for more notes about this function.
pub fn stdin() -> StdinReader {
// We're following the same strategy as kimundi's lazy_static library
static mut STDIN: *const StdinReader = 0 as *const StdinReader;
static ONCE: Once = ONCE_INIT;
unsafe {
ONCE.call_once(|| {
// The default buffer capacity is 64k, but apparently windows doesn't like
// 64k reads on stdin. See #13304 for details, but the idea is that on
// windows we use a slightly smaller buffer that's been seen to be
// acceptable.
let stdin = if cfg!(windows) {
BufferedReader::with_capacity(8 * 1024, stdin_raw())
} else {
BufferedReader::new(stdin_raw())
};
let stdin = StdinReader {
inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(RaceBox(stdin)))
};
STDIN = mem::transmute(box stdin);
// Make sure to free it at exit
rt::at_exit(|| {
mem::transmute::<_, Box<StdinReader>>(STDIN);
STDIN = 0 as *const _;
});
});
(*STDIN).clone()
}
}
/// Creates a new non-blocking handle to the stdin of the current process.
///
/// Unlike `stdin()`, the returned reader is *not* a buffered reader.
///
/// See `stdout()` for more notes about this function.
pub fn stdin_raw() -> StdReader {
src(libc::STDIN_FILENO, true, |src| StdReader { inner: src })
}
/// Creates a line-buffered handle to the stdout of the current process.
///
/// Note that this is a fairly expensive operation in that at least one memory
/// allocation is performed. Additionally, this must be called from a runtime
/// task context because the stream returned will be a non-blocking object using
/// the local scheduler to perform the I/O.
///
/// Care should be taken when creating multiple handles to an output stream for
/// a single process. While usage is still safe, the output may be surprising if
/// no synchronization is performed to ensure a sane output.
pub fn stdout() -> LineBufferedWriter<StdWriter> {
LineBufferedWriter::new(stdout_raw())
}
/// Creates an unbuffered handle to the stdout of the current process
///
/// See notes in `stdout()` for more information.
pub fn stdout_raw() -> StdWriter {
src(libc::STDOUT_FILENO, false, |src| StdWriter { inner: src })
}
/// Creates a line-buffered handle to the stderr of the current process.
///
/// See `stdout()` for notes about this function.
pub fn stderr() -> LineBufferedWriter<StdWriter> {
LineBufferedWriter::new(stderr_raw())
}
/// Creates an unbuffered handle to the stderr of the current process
///
/// See notes in `stdout()` for more information.
pub fn stderr_raw() -> StdWriter {
src(libc::STDERR_FILENO, false, |src| StdWriter { inner: src })
}
/// Resets the task-local stdout handle to the specified writer
///
/// This will replace the current task's stdout handle, returning the old
/// handle. All future calls to `print` and friends will emit their output to
/// this specified handle.
///
/// Note that this does not need to be called for all new tasks; the default
/// output handle is to the process's stdout stream.
pub fn set_stdout(stdout: Box<Writer + Send>) -> Option<Box<Writer + Send>> {
let mut new = Some(stdout);
LOCAL_STDOUT.with(|slot| {
mem::replace(&mut *slot.borrow_mut(), new.take())
}).and_then(|mut s| {
let _ = s.flush();
Some(s)
})
}
/// Resets the task-local stderr handle to the specified writer
///
/// This will replace the current task's stderr handle, returning the old
/// handle. Currently, the stderr handle is used for printing panic messages
/// during task panic.
///
/// Note that this does not need to be called for all new tasks; the default
/// output handle is to the process's stderr stream.
pub fn set_stderr(stderr: Box<Writer + Send>) -> Option<Box<Writer + Send>> {
let mut new = Some(stderr);
LOCAL_STDERR.with(|slot| {
mem::replace(&mut *slot.borrow_mut(), new.take())
}).and_then(|mut s| {
let _ = s.flush();
Some(s)
})
}
// Helper to access the local task's stdout handle
//
// Note that this is not a safe function to expose because you can create an
// aliased pointer very easily:
//
// with_task_stdout(|io1| {
// with_task_stdout(|io2| {
// // io1 aliases io2
// })
// })
fn with_task_stdout<F>(f: F) where F: FnOnce(&mut Writer) -> IoResult<()> {
let mut my_stdout = LOCAL_STDOUT.with(|slot| {
slot.borrow_mut().take()
}).unwrap_or_else(|| {
box stdout() as Box<Writer + Send>
});
let result = f(&mut *my_stdout);
let mut var = Some(my_stdout);
LOCAL_STDOUT.with(|slot| {
*slot.borrow_mut() = var.take();
});
match result {
Ok(()) => {}
Err(e) => panic!("failed printing to stdout: {}", e),
}
}
/// Flushes the local task's stdout handle.
///
/// By default, this stream is a line-buffering stream, so flushing may be
/// necessary to ensure that all output is printed to the screen (if there are
/// no newlines printed).
///
/// Note that logging macros do not use this stream. Using the logging macros
/// will emit output to stderr, and while they are line buffered the log
/// messages are always terminated in a newline (no need to flush).
pub fn flush() {
with_task_stdout(|io| io.flush())
}
/// Prints a string to the stdout of the current process. No newline is emitted
/// after the string is printed.
pub fn print(s: &str) {
with_task_stdout(|io| io.write(s.as_bytes()))
}
/// Prints a string to the stdout of the current process. A literal
/// `\n` character is printed to the console after the string.
pub fn println(s: &str) {
with_task_stdout(|io| {
io.write(s.as_bytes()).and_then(|()| io.write(&[b'\n']))
})
}
/// Similar to `print`, but takes a `fmt::Arguments` structure to be compatible
/// with the `format_args!` macro.
pub fn print_args(fmt: fmt::Arguments) {
with_task_stdout(|io| write!(io, "{}", fmt))
}
/// Similar to `println`, but takes a `fmt::Arguments` structure to be
/// compatible with the `format_args!` macro.
pub fn println_args(fmt: fmt::Arguments) {
with_task_stdout(|io| writeln!(io, "{}", fmt))
}
/// Representation of a reader of a standard input stream
pub struct StdReader {
inner: StdSource
}
impl StdReader {
/// Returns whether this stream is attached to a TTY instance or not.
pub fn isatty(&self) -> bool {
match self.inner {
TTY(..) => true,
File(..) => false,
}
}
}
impl Reader for StdReader {
fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> IoResult<uint> {
let ret = match self.inner {
TTY(ref mut tty) => {
// Flush the task-local stdout so that weird issues like a
// print!'d prompt not being shown until after the user hits
// enter.
flush();
tty.read(buf).map(|i| i as uint)
},
File(ref mut file) => file.read(buf).map(|i| i as uint),
};
match ret {
// When reading a piped stdin, libuv will return 0-length reads when
// stdin reaches EOF. For pretty much all other streams it will
// return an actual EOF error, but apparently for stdin it's a
// little different. Hence, here we convert a 0 length read to an
// end-of-file indicator so the caller knows to stop reading.
Ok(0) => { Err(standard_error(EndOfFile)) }
ret @ Ok(..) | ret @ Err(..) => ret,
}
}
}
/// Representation of a writer to a standard output stream
pub struct StdWriter {
inner: StdSource
}
unsafe impl Send for StdWriter {}
unsafe impl Sync for StdWriter {}
impl StdWriter {
/// Gets the size of this output window, if possible. This is typically used
/// when the writer is attached to something like a terminal, this is used
/// to fetch the dimensions of the terminal.
///
/// If successful, returns `Ok((width, height))`.
///
/// # Error
///
/// This function will return an error if the output stream is not actually
/// connected to a TTY instance, or if querying the TTY instance fails.
pub fn winsize(&mut self) -> IoResult<(int, int)> {
match self.inner {
TTY(ref mut tty) => {
tty.get_winsize()
}
File(..) => {
Err(IoError {
kind: OtherIoError,
desc: "stream is not a tty",
detail: None,
})
}
}
}
/// Controls whether this output stream is a "raw stream" or simply a normal
/// stream.
///
/// # Error
///
/// This function will return an error if the output stream is not actually
/// connected to a TTY instance, or if querying the TTY instance fails.
pub fn set_raw(&mut self, raw: bool) -> IoResult<()> {
match self.inner {
TTY(ref mut tty) => {
tty.set_raw(raw)
}
File(..) => {
Err(IoError {
kind: OtherIoError,
desc: "stream is not a tty",
detail: None,
})
}
}
}
/// Returns whether this stream is attached to a TTY instance or not.
pub fn isatty(&self) -> bool {
match self.inner {
TTY(..) => true,
File(..) => false,
}
}
}
impl Writer for StdWriter {
fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> IoResult<()> {
// As with stdin on windows, stdout often can't handle writes of large
// sizes. For an example, see #14940. For this reason, chunk the output
// buffer on windows, but on unix we can just write the whole buffer all
// at once.
//
// For some other references, it appears that this problem has been
// encountered by others [1] [2]. We choose the number 8KB just because
// libuv does the same.
//
// [1]: https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/1232
// [2]: http://www.mail-archive.com/log4net-dev@logging.apache.org/msg00661.html
let max_size = if cfg!(windows) {8192} else {uint::MAX};
for chunk in buf.chunks(max_size) {
try!(match self.inner {
TTY(ref mut tty) => tty.write(chunk),
File(ref mut file) => file.write(chunk),
})
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use prelude::v1::*;
use super::*;
use sync::mpsc::channel;
use thread::Thread;
#[test]
fn smoke() {
// Just make sure we can acquire handles
stdin();
stdout();
stderr();
}
#[test]
fn capture_stdout() {
use io::{ChanReader, ChanWriter};
let (tx, rx) = channel();
let (mut r, w) = (ChanReader::new(rx), ChanWriter::new(tx));
let _t = Thread::spawn(move|| {
set_stdout(box w);
println!("hello!");
});
assert_eq!(r.read_to_string().unwrap(), "hello!\n");
}
#[test]
fn capture_stderr() {
use io::{ChanReader, ChanWriter, Reader};
let (tx, rx) = channel();
let (mut r, w) = (ChanReader::new(rx), ChanWriter::new(tx));
let _t = Thread::spawn(move || -> () {
set_stderr(box w);
panic!("my special message");
});
let s = r.read_to_string().unwrap();
assert!(s.contains("my special message"));
}
}