rust/clippy_lints/src/write.rs

696 lines
24 KiB
Rust

use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::iter;
use std::ops::{Deref, Range};
use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint, span_lint_and_sugg, span_lint_and_then};
use clippy_utils::source::{snippet_opt, snippet_with_applicability};
use rustc_ast::ast::{Expr, ExprKind, Impl, Item, ItemKind, MacCall, Path, StrLit, StrStyle};
use rustc_ast::token::{self, LitKind};
use rustc_ast::tokenstream::TokenStream;
use rustc_errors::Applicability;
use rustc_lexer::unescape::{self, EscapeError};
use rustc_lint::{EarlyContext, EarlyLintPass};
use rustc_parse::parser;
use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, Symbol};
use rustc_span::{sym, BytePos, Span, DUMMY_SP};
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// This lint warns when you use `println!("")` to
/// print a newline.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// You should use `println!()`, which is simpler.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// // Bad
/// println!("");
///
/// // Good
/// println!();
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub PRINTLN_EMPTY_STRING,
style,
"using `println!(\"\")` with an empty string"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// This lint warns when you use `print!()` with a format
/// string that ends in a newline.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// You should use `println!()` instead, which appends the
/// newline.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// # let name = "World";
/// print!("Hello {}!\n", name);
/// ```
/// use println!() instead
/// ```rust
/// # let name = "World";
/// println!("Hello {}!", name);
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub PRINT_WITH_NEWLINE,
style,
"using `print!()` with a format string that ends in a single newline"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Checks for printing on *stdout*. The purpose of this lint
/// is to catch debugging remnants.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// People often print on *stdout* while debugging an
/// application and might forget to remove those prints afterward.
///
/// ### Known problems
/// * Only catches `print!` and `println!` calls.
/// * The lint level is unaffected by crate attributes. The level can still
/// be set for functions, modules and other items. To change the level for
/// the entire crate, please use command line flags. More information and a
/// configuration example can be found in [clippy#6610].
///
/// [clippy#6610]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/6610#issuecomment-977120558
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// println!("Hello world!");
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub PRINT_STDOUT,
restriction,
"printing on stdout"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Checks for printing on *stderr*. The purpose of this lint
/// is to catch debugging remnants.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// People often print on *stderr* while debugging an
/// application and might forget to remove those prints afterward.
///
/// ### Known problems
/// * Only catches `eprint!` and `eprintln!` calls.
/// * The lint level is unaffected by crate attributes. The level can still
/// be set for functions, modules and other items. To change the level for
/// the entire crate, please use command line flags. More information and a
/// configuration example can be found in [clippy#6610].
///
/// [clippy#6610]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/6610#issuecomment-977120558
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// eprintln!("Hello world!");
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "1.50.0"]
pub PRINT_STDERR,
restriction,
"printing on stderr"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Checks for use of `Debug` formatting. The purpose of this
/// lint is to catch debugging remnants.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// The purpose of the `Debug` trait is to facilitate
/// debugging Rust code. It should not be used in user-facing output.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// # let foo = "bar";
/// println!("{:?}", foo);
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub USE_DEBUG,
restriction,
"use of `Debug`-based formatting"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// This lint warns about the use of literals as `print!`/`println!` args.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// Using literals as `println!` args is inefficient
/// (c.f., https://github.com/matthiaskrgr/rust-str-bench) and unnecessary
/// (i.e., just put the literal in the format string)
///
/// ### Known problems
/// Will also warn with macro calls as arguments that expand to literals
/// -- e.g., `println!("{}", env!("FOO"))`.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// println!("{}", "foo");
/// ```
/// use the literal without formatting:
/// ```rust
/// println!("foo");
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub PRINT_LITERAL,
style,
"printing a literal with a format string"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// This lint warns when you use `writeln!(buf, "")` to
/// print a newline.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// You should use `writeln!(buf)`, which is simpler.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// # use std::fmt::Write;
/// # let mut buf = String::new();
/// // Bad
/// writeln!(buf, "");
///
/// // Good
/// writeln!(buf);
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub WRITELN_EMPTY_STRING,
style,
"using `writeln!(buf, \"\")` with an empty string"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// This lint warns when you use `write!()` with a format
/// string that
/// ends in a newline.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// You should use `writeln!()` instead, which appends the
/// newline.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// # use std::fmt::Write;
/// # let mut buf = String::new();
/// # let name = "World";
/// // Bad
/// write!(buf, "Hello {}!\n", name);
///
/// // Good
/// writeln!(buf, "Hello {}!", name);
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub WRITE_WITH_NEWLINE,
style,
"using `write!()` with a format string that ends in a single newline"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// This lint warns about the use of literals as `write!`/`writeln!` args.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// Using literals as `writeln!` args is inefficient
/// (c.f., https://github.com/matthiaskrgr/rust-str-bench) and unnecessary
/// (i.e., just put the literal in the format string)
///
/// ### Known problems
/// Will also warn with macro calls as arguments that expand to literals
/// -- e.g., `writeln!(buf, "{}", env!("FOO"))`.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// # use std::fmt::Write;
/// # let mut buf = String::new();
/// // Bad
/// writeln!(buf, "{}", "foo");
///
/// // Good
/// writeln!(buf, "foo");
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
pub WRITE_LITERAL,
style,
"writing a literal with a format string"
}
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct Write {
in_debug_impl: bool,
}
impl_lint_pass!(Write => [
PRINT_WITH_NEWLINE,
PRINTLN_EMPTY_STRING,
PRINT_STDOUT,
PRINT_STDERR,
USE_DEBUG,
PRINT_LITERAL,
WRITE_WITH_NEWLINE,
WRITELN_EMPTY_STRING,
WRITE_LITERAL
]);
impl EarlyLintPass for Write {
fn check_item(&mut self, _: &EarlyContext<'_>, item: &Item) {
if let ItemKind::Impl(box Impl {
of_trait: Some(trait_ref),
..
}) = &item.kind
{
let trait_name = trait_ref
.path
.segments
.iter()
.last()
.expect("path has at least one segment")
.ident
.name;
if trait_name == sym::Debug {
self.in_debug_impl = true;
}
}
}
fn check_item_post(&mut self, _: &EarlyContext<'_>, _: &Item) {
self.in_debug_impl = false;
}
fn check_mac(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, mac: &MacCall) {
fn is_build_script(cx: &EarlyContext<'_>) -> bool {
// Cargo sets the crate name for build scripts to `build_script_build`
cx.sess
.opts
.crate_name
.as_ref()
.map_or(false, |crate_name| crate_name == "build_script_build")
}
if mac.path == sym!(print) {
if !is_build_script(cx) {
span_lint(cx, PRINT_STDOUT, mac.span(), "use of `print!`");
}
self.lint_print_with_newline(cx, mac);
} else if mac.path == sym!(println) {
if !is_build_script(cx) {
span_lint(cx, PRINT_STDOUT, mac.span(), "use of `println!`");
}
self.lint_println_empty_string(cx, mac);
} else if mac.path == sym!(eprint) {
span_lint(cx, PRINT_STDERR, mac.span(), "use of `eprint!`");
self.lint_print_with_newline(cx, mac);
} else if mac.path == sym!(eprintln) {
span_lint(cx, PRINT_STDERR, mac.span(), "use of `eprintln!`");
self.lint_println_empty_string(cx, mac);
} else if mac.path == sym!(write) {
if let (Some(fmt_str), dest) = self.check_tts(cx, mac.args.inner_tokens(), true) {
if check_newlines(&fmt_str) {
let (nl_span, only_nl) = newline_span(&fmt_str);
let nl_span = match (dest, only_nl) {
// Special case of `write!(buf, "\n")`: Mark everything from the end of
// `buf` for removal so no trailing comma [`writeln!(buf, )`] remains.
(Some(dest_expr), true) => nl_span.with_lo(dest_expr.span.hi()),
_ => nl_span,
};
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
WRITE_WITH_NEWLINE,
mac.span(),
"using `write!()` with a format string that ends in a single newline",
|err| {
err.multipart_suggestion(
"use `writeln!()` instead",
vec![(mac.path.span, String::from("writeln")), (nl_span, String::new())],
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
},
);
}
}
} else if mac.path == sym!(writeln) {
if let (Some(fmt_str), expr) = self.check_tts(cx, mac.args.inner_tokens(), true) {
if fmt_str.symbol == kw::Empty {
let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
// FIXME: remove this `#[allow(...)]` once the issue #5822 gets fixed
#[allow(clippy::option_if_let_else)]
let suggestion = if let Some(e) = expr {
snippet_with_applicability(cx, e.span, "v", &mut applicability)
} else {
applicability = Applicability::HasPlaceholders;
Cow::Borrowed("v")
};
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
WRITELN_EMPTY_STRING,
mac.span(),
format!("using `writeln!({}, \"\")`", suggestion).as_str(),
"replace it with",
format!("writeln!({})", suggestion),
applicability,
);
}
}
}
}
}
/// Given a format string that ends in a newline and its span, calculates the span of the
/// newline, or the format string itself if the format string consists solely of a newline.
/// Return this and a boolean indicating whether it only consisted of a newline.
fn newline_span(fmtstr: &StrLit) -> (Span, bool) {
let sp = fmtstr.span;
let contents = &fmtstr.symbol.as_str();
if *contents == r"\n" {
return (sp, true);
}
let newline_sp_hi = sp.hi()
- match fmtstr.style {
StrStyle::Cooked => BytePos(1),
StrStyle::Raw(hashes) => BytePos((1 + hashes).into()),
};
let newline_sp_len = if contents.ends_with('\n') {
BytePos(1)
} else if contents.ends_with(r"\n") {
BytePos(2)
} else {
panic!("expected format string to contain a newline");
};
(sp.with_lo(newline_sp_hi - newline_sp_len).with_hi(newline_sp_hi), false)
}
/// Stores a list of replacement spans for each argument, but only if all the replacements used an
/// empty format string.
#[derive(Default)]
struct SimpleFormatArgs {
unnamed: Vec<Vec<Span>>,
named: Vec<(Symbol, Vec<Span>)>,
}
impl SimpleFormatArgs {
fn get_unnamed(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &[Span]> {
self.unnamed.iter().map(|x| match x.as_slice() {
// Ignore the dummy span added from out of order format arguments.
[DUMMY_SP] => &[],
x => x,
})
}
fn get_named(&self, n: &Path) -> &[Span] {
self.named.iter().find(|x| *n == x.0).map_or(&[], |x| x.1.as_slice())
}
fn push(&mut self, arg: rustc_parse_format::Argument<'_>, span: Span) {
use rustc_parse_format::{
AlignUnknown, ArgumentImplicitlyIs, ArgumentIs, ArgumentNamed, CountImplied, FormatSpec,
};
const SIMPLE: FormatSpec<'_> = FormatSpec {
fill: None,
align: AlignUnknown,
flags: 0,
precision: CountImplied,
precision_span: None,
width: CountImplied,
width_span: None,
ty: "",
ty_span: None,
};
match arg.position {
ArgumentIs(n) | ArgumentImplicitlyIs(n) => {
if self.unnamed.len() <= n {
// Use a dummy span to mark all unseen arguments.
self.unnamed.resize_with(n, || vec![DUMMY_SP]);
if arg.format == SIMPLE {
self.unnamed.push(vec![span]);
} else {
self.unnamed.push(Vec::new());
}
} else {
let args = &mut self.unnamed[n];
match (args.as_mut_slice(), arg.format == SIMPLE) {
// A non-empty format string has been seen already.
([], _) => (),
// Replace the dummy span, if it exists.
([dummy @ DUMMY_SP], true) => *dummy = span,
([_, ..], true) => args.push(span),
([_, ..], false) => *args = Vec::new(),
}
}
},
ArgumentNamed(n) => {
if let Some(x) = self.named.iter_mut().find(|x| x.0 == n) {
match x.1.as_slice() {
// A non-empty format string has been seen already.
[] => (),
[_, ..] if arg.format == SIMPLE => x.1.push(span),
[_, ..] => x.1 = Vec::new(),
}
} else if arg.format == SIMPLE {
self.named.push((n, vec![span]));
} else {
self.named.push((n, Vec::new()));
}
},
};
}
}
impl Write {
/// Parses a format string into a collection of spans for each argument. This only keeps track
/// of empty format arguments. Will also lint usages of debug format strings outside of debug
/// impls.
fn parse_fmt_string(&self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, str_lit: &StrLit) -> Option<SimpleFormatArgs> {
use rustc_parse_format::{ParseMode, Parser, Piece};
let str_sym = str_lit.symbol_unescaped.as_str();
let style = match str_lit.style {
StrStyle::Cooked => None,
StrStyle::Raw(n) => Some(n as usize),
};
let mut parser = Parser::new(&str_sym, style, snippet_opt(cx, str_lit.span), false, ParseMode::Format);
let mut args = SimpleFormatArgs::default();
while let Some(arg) = parser.next() {
let arg = match arg {
Piece::String(_) => continue,
Piece::NextArgument(arg) => arg,
};
let span = parser
.arg_places
.last()
.map_or(DUMMY_SP, |&x| str_lit.span.from_inner(x));
if !self.in_debug_impl && arg.format.ty == "?" {
// FIXME: modify rustc's fmt string parser to give us the current span
span_lint(cx, USE_DEBUG, span, "use of `Debug`-based formatting");
}
args.push(arg, span);
}
parser.errors.is_empty().then(move || args)
}
/// Checks the arguments of `print[ln]!` and `write[ln]!` calls. It will return a tuple of two
/// `Option`s. The first `Option` of the tuple is the macro's format string. It includes
/// the contents of the string, whether it's a raw string, and the span of the literal in the
/// source. The second `Option` in the tuple is, in the `write[ln]!` case, the expression the
/// `format_str` should be written to.
///
/// Example:
///
/// Calling this function on
/// ```rust
/// # use std::fmt::Write;
/// # let mut buf = String::new();
/// # let something = "something";
/// writeln!(buf, "string to write: {}", something);
/// ```
/// will return
/// ```rust,ignore
/// (Some("string to write: {}"), Some(buf))
/// ```
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn check_tts<'a>(&self, cx: &EarlyContext<'a>, tts: TokenStream, is_write: bool) -> (Option<StrLit>, Option<Expr>) {
let mut parser = parser::Parser::new(&cx.sess.parse_sess, tts, false, None);
let expr = if is_write {
match parser
.parse_expr()
.map(rustc_ast::ptr::P::into_inner)
.map_err(|mut e| e.cancel())
{
// write!(e, ...)
Ok(p) if parser.eat(&token::Comma) => Some(p),
// write!(e) or error
e => return (None, e.ok()),
}
} else {
None
};
let fmtstr = match parser.parse_str_lit() {
Ok(fmtstr) => fmtstr,
Err(_) => return (None, expr),
};
let args = match self.parse_fmt_string(cx, &fmtstr) {
Some(args) => args,
None => return (Some(fmtstr), expr),
};
let lint = if is_write { WRITE_LITERAL } else { PRINT_LITERAL };
let mut unnamed_args = args.get_unnamed();
loop {
if !parser.eat(&token::Comma) {
return (Some(fmtstr), expr);
}
let comma_span = parser.prev_token.span;
let token_expr = if let Ok(expr) = parser.parse_expr().map_err(|mut err| err.cancel()) {
expr
} else {
return (Some(fmtstr), None);
};
let (fmt_spans, lit) = match &token_expr.kind {
ExprKind::Lit(lit) => (unnamed_args.next().unwrap_or(&[]), lit),
ExprKind::Assign(lhs, rhs, _) => match (&lhs.kind, &rhs.kind) {
(ExprKind::Path(_, p), ExprKind::Lit(lit)) => (args.get_named(p), lit),
_ => continue,
},
_ => {
unnamed_args.next();
continue;
},
};
let replacement: String = match lit.token.kind {
LitKind::Integer | LitKind::Float | LitKind::Err => continue,
LitKind::StrRaw(_) | LitKind::ByteStrRaw(_) if matches!(fmtstr.style, StrStyle::Raw(_)) => {
lit.token.symbol.as_str().replace('{', "{{").replace('}', "}}")
},
LitKind::Str | LitKind::ByteStr if matches!(fmtstr.style, StrStyle::Cooked) => {
lit.token.symbol.as_str().replace('{', "{{").replace('}', "}}")
},
LitKind::StrRaw(_) | LitKind::Str | LitKind::ByteStrRaw(_) | LitKind::ByteStr => continue,
LitKind::Byte | LitKind::Char => match &*lit.token.symbol.as_str() {
"\"" if matches!(fmtstr.style, StrStyle::Cooked) => "\\\"",
"\"" if matches!(fmtstr.style, StrStyle::Raw(0)) => continue,
"\\\\" if matches!(fmtstr.style, StrStyle::Raw(_)) => "\\",
"\\'" => "'",
"{" => "{{",
"}" => "}}",
x if matches!(fmtstr.style, StrStyle::Raw(_)) && x.starts_with('\\') => continue,
x => x,
}
.into(),
LitKind::Bool => lit.token.symbol.as_str().deref().into(),
};
if !fmt_spans.is_empty() {
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
lint,
token_expr.span,
"literal with an empty format string",
|diag| {
diag.multipart_suggestion(
"try this",
iter::once((comma_span.to(token_expr.span), String::new()))
.chain(fmt_spans.iter().copied().zip(iter::repeat(replacement)))
.collect(),
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
},
);
}
}
}
fn lint_println_empty_string(&self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, mac: &MacCall) {
if let (Some(fmt_str), _) = self.check_tts(cx, mac.args.inner_tokens(), false) {
if fmt_str.symbol == kw::Empty {
let name = mac.path.segments[0].ident.name;
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
PRINTLN_EMPTY_STRING,
mac.span(),
&format!("using `{}!(\"\")`", name),
"replace it with",
format!("{}!()", name),
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
}
}
fn lint_print_with_newline(&self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, mac: &MacCall) {
if let (Some(fmt_str), _) = self.check_tts(cx, mac.args.inner_tokens(), false) {
if check_newlines(&fmt_str) {
let name = mac.path.segments[0].ident.name;
let suggested = format!("{}ln", name);
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
PRINT_WITH_NEWLINE,
mac.span(),
&format!("using `{}!()` with a format string that ends in a single newline", name),
|err| {
err.multipart_suggestion(
&format!("use `{}!` instead", suggested),
vec![(mac.path.span, suggested), (newline_span(&fmt_str).0, String::new())],
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
},
);
}
}
}
}
/// Checks if the format string contains a single newline that terminates it.
///
/// Literal and escaped newlines are both checked (only literal for raw strings).
fn check_newlines(fmtstr: &StrLit) -> bool {
let mut has_internal_newline = false;
let mut last_was_cr = false;
let mut should_lint = false;
let contents = &fmtstr.symbol.as_str();
let mut cb = |r: Range<usize>, c: Result<char, EscapeError>| {
let c = c.unwrap();
if r.end == contents.len() && c == '\n' && !last_was_cr && !has_internal_newline {
should_lint = true;
} else {
last_was_cr = c == '\r';
if c == '\n' {
has_internal_newline = true;
}
}
};
match fmtstr.style {
StrStyle::Cooked => unescape::unescape_literal(contents, unescape::Mode::Str, &mut cb),
StrStyle::Raw(_) => unescape::unescape_literal(contents, unescape::Mode::RawStr, &mut cb),
}
should_lint
}