rust/library/core/tests/lib.rs
bors 8c4fc9d9a4 Auto merge of #94598 - scottmcm:prefix-free-hasher-methods, r=Amanieu
Add a dedicated length-prefixing method to `Hasher`

This accomplishes two main goals:
- Make it clear who is responsible for prefix-freedom, including how they should do it
- Make it feasible for a `Hasher` that *doesn't* care about Hash-DoS resistance to get better performance by not hashing lengths

This does not change rustc-hash, since that's in an external crate, but that could potentially use it in future.

Fixes #94026

r? rust-lang/libs

---

The core of this change is the following two new methods on `Hasher`:

```rust
pub trait Hasher {
    /// Writes a length prefix into this hasher, as part of being prefix-free.
    ///
    /// If you're implementing [`Hash`] for a custom collection, call this before
    /// writing its contents to this `Hasher`.  That way
    /// `(collection![1, 2, 3], collection![4, 5])` and
    /// `(collection![1, 2], collection![3, 4, 5])` will provide different
    /// sequences of values to the `Hasher`
    ///
    /// The `impl<T> Hash for [T]` includes a call to this method, so if you're
    /// hashing a slice (or array or vector) via its `Hash::hash` method,
    /// you should **not** call this yourself.
    ///
    /// This method is only for providing domain separation.  If you want to
    /// hash a `usize` that represents part of the *data*, then it's important
    /// that you pass it to [`Hasher::write_usize`] instead of to this method.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(hasher_prefixfree_extras)]
    /// # // Stubs to make the `impl` below pass the compiler
    /// # struct MyCollection<T>(Option<T>);
    /// # impl<T> MyCollection<T> {
    /// #     fn len(&self) -> usize { todo!() }
    /// # }
    /// # impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a MyCollection<T> {
    /// #     type Item = T;
    /// #     type IntoIter = std::iter::Empty<T>;
    /// #     fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter { todo!() }
    /// # }
    ///
    /// use std:#️⃣:{Hash, Hasher};
    /// impl<T: Hash> Hash for MyCollection<T> {
    ///     fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
    ///         state.write_length_prefix(self.len());
    ///         for elt in self {
    ///             elt.hash(state);
    ///         }
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Note to Implementers
    ///
    /// If you've decided that your `Hasher` is willing to be susceptible to
    /// Hash-DoS attacks, then you might consider skipping hashing some or all
    /// of the `len` provided in the name of increased performance.
    #[inline]
    #[unstable(feature = "hasher_prefixfree_extras", issue = "88888888")]
    fn write_length_prefix(&mut self, len: usize) {
        self.write_usize(len);
    }

    /// Writes a single `str` into this hasher.
    ///
    /// If you're implementing [`Hash`], you generally do not need to call this,
    /// as the `impl Hash for str` does, so you can just use that.
    ///
    /// This includes the domain separator for prefix-freedom, so you should
    /// **not** call `Self::write_length_prefix` before calling this.
    ///
    /// # Note to Implementers
    ///
    /// The default implementation of this method includes a call to
    /// [`Self::write_length_prefix`], so if your implementation of `Hasher`
    /// doesn't care about prefix-freedom and you've thus overridden
    /// that method to do nothing, there's no need to override this one.
    ///
    /// This method is available to be overridden separately from the others
    /// as `str` being UTF-8 means that it never contains `0xFF` bytes, which
    /// can be used to provide prefix-freedom cheaper than hashing a length.
    ///
    /// For example, if your `Hasher` works byte-by-byte (perhaps by accumulating
    /// them into a buffer), then you can hash the bytes of the `str` followed
    /// by a single `0xFF` byte.
    ///
    /// If your `Hasher` works in chunks, you can also do this by being careful
    /// about how you pad partial chunks.  If the chunks are padded with `0x00`
    /// bytes then just hashing an extra `0xFF` byte doesn't necessarily
    /// provide prefix-freedom, as `"ab"` and `"ab\u{0}"` would likely hash
    /// the same sequence of chunks.  But if you pad with `0xFF` bytes instead,
    /// ensuring at least one padding byte, then it can often provide
    /// prefix-freedom cheaper than hashing the length would.
    #[inline]
    #[unstable(feature = "hasher_prefixfree_extras", issue = "88888888")]
    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) {
        self.write_length_prefix(s.len());
        self.write(s.as_bytes());
    }
}
```

With updates to the `Hash` implementations for slices and containers to call `write_length_prefix` instead of `write_usize`.

`write_str` defaults to using `write_length_prefix` since, as was pointed out in the issue, the `write_u8(0xFF)` approach is insufficient for hashers that work in chunks, as those would hash `"a\u{0}"` and `"a"` to the same thing.  But since `SipHash` works byte-wise (there's an internal buffer to accumulate bytes until a full chunk is available) it overrides `write_str` to continue to use the add-non-UTF-8-byte approach.

---

Compatibility:

Because the default implementation of `write_length_prefix` calls `write_usize`, the changed hash implementation for slices will do the same thing the old one did on existing `Hasher`s.
2022-05-06 09:43:57 +00:00

142 lines
3.3 KiB
Rust

#![feature(alloc_layout_extra)]
#![feature(array_chunks)]
#![feature(array_methods)]
#![feature(array_windows)]
#![feature(bench_black_box)]
#![feature(box_syntax)]
#![feature(cell_update)]
#![feature(const_assume)]
#![feature(const_black_box)]
#![feature(const_bool_to_option)]
#![feature(const_cell_into_inner)]
#![feature(const_convert)]
#![feature(const_heap)]
#![feature(const_maybe_uninit_as_mut_ptr)]
#![feature(const_maybe_uninit_assume_init_read)]
#![feature(const_nonnull_new)]
#![feature(const_num_from_num)]
#![feature(const_ptr_as_ref)]
#![feature(const_ptr_read)]
#![feature(const_ptr_write)]
#![feature(const_trait_impl)]
#![feature(const_likely)]
#![feature(core_ffi_c)]
#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
#![feature(core_private_bignum)]
#![feature(core_private_diy_float)]
#![feature(dec2flt)]
#![feature(div_duration)]
#![feature(duration_consts_float)]
#![feature(duration_constants)]
#![feature(exact_size_is_empty)]
#![feature(extern_types)]
#![feature(flt2dec)]
#![feature(fmt_internals)]
#![feature(float_minimum_maximum)]
#![feature(future_join)]
#![feature(future_poll_fn)]
#![feature(array_from_fn)]
#![feature(hasher_prefixfree_extras)]
#![feature(hashmap_internals)]
#![feature(try_find)]
#![feature(inline_const)]
#![feature(is_sorted)]
#![feature(pattern)]
#![feature(pin_macro)]
#![feature(sort_internals)]
#![feature(slice_take)]
#![feature(slice_from_ptr_range)]
#![feature(split_as_slice)]
#![feature(maybe_uninit_uninit_array)]
#![feature(maybe_uninit_array_assume_init)]
#![feature(maybe_uninit_write_slice)]
#![feature(min_specialization)]
#![feature(numfmt)]
#![feature(step_trait)]
#![feature(str_internals)]
#![feature(std_internals)]
#![feature(test)]
#![feature(trusted_len)]
#![feature(try_blocks)]
#![feature(try_trait_v2)]
#![feature(slice_internals)]
#![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]
#![feature(int_log)]
#![feature(iter_advance_by)]
#![feature(iter_collect_into)]
#![feature(iter_partition_in_place)]
#![feature(iter_intersperse)]
#![feature(iter_is_partitioned)]
#![feature(iter_order_by)]
#![feature(iterator_try_collect)]
#![feature(iterator_try_reduce)]
#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
#![feature(const_pin)]
#![feature(const_slice_from_raw_parts)]
#![feature(never_type)]
#![feature(unwrap_infallible)]
#![feature(result_into_ok_or_err)]
#![feature(portable_simd)]
#![feature(ptr_metadata)]
#![feature(once_cell)]
#![feature(option_result_contains)]
#![feature(unsized_tuple_coercion)]
#![feature(const_option)]
#![feature(const_option_ext)]
#![feature(const_result)]
#![feature(integer_atomics)]
#![feature(int_roundings)]
#![feature(slice_group_by)]
#![feature(split_array)]
#![feature(strict_provenance)]
#![feature(trusted_random_access)]
#![feature(unsize)]
#![feature(unzip_option)]
#![feature(const_array_from_ref)]
#![feature(const_slice_from_ref)]
#![feature(waker_getters)]
#![feature(slice_flatten)]
#![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
extern crate test;
mod alloc;
mod any;
mod array;
mod ascii;
mod atomic;
mod bool;
mod cell;
mod char;
mod clone;
mod cmp;
mod const_ptr;
mod convert;
mod fmt;
mod future;
mod hash;
mod intrinsics;
mod iter;
mod lazy;
mod macros;
mod manually_drop;
mod mem;
mod nonzero;
mod num;
mod ops;
mod option;
mod pattern;
mod pin;
mod pin_macro;
mod ptr;
mod result;
mod simd;
mod slice;
mod str;
mod str_lossy;
mod task;
mod time;
mod tuple;
mod unicode;
mod waker;