bors 9629b90b3f Auto merge of #127722 - BoxyUwU:new_adt_const_params_limitations, r=compiler-errors
Forbid borrows and unsized types from being used as the type of a const generic under `adt_const_params`

Fixes #112219
Fixes #112124
Fixes #112125

### Motivation

Currently the `adt_const_params` feature allows writing `Foo<const N: [u8]>` this is entirely useless as it is not possible to write an expression which evaluates to a type that is not `Sized`. In order to actually use unsized types in const generics they are typically written as `const N: &[u8]` which *is* possible to provide a value of.

Unfortunately allowing the types of const parameters to contain references is non trivial (#120961) as it introduces a number of difficult questions about how equality of references in the type system should behave. References in the types of const generics is largely only useful for using unsized types in const generics.

This PR introduces a new feature gate `unsized_const_parameters` and moves support for `const N: [u8]` and `const N: &...` from `adt_const_params` into it. The goal here hopefully is to experiment with allowing `const N: [u8]` to work without references and then eventually completely forbid references in const generics.

Splitting this out into a new feature gate means that stabilization of `adt_const_params` does not have to resolve #120961 which is the only remaining "big" blocker for the feature. Remaining issues after this are a few ICEs and naming bikeshed for `ConstParamTy`.

### Implementation

The implementation is slightly subtle here as we would like to ensure that a stabilization of `adt_const_params` is forwards compatible with any outcome of `unsized_const_parameters`. This is inherently tricky as we do not support unstable trait implementations and we determine whether a type is valid as the type of a const parameter via a trait bound.

There are a few constraints here:
- We would like to *allow for the possibility* of adding a `Sized` supertrait to `ConstParamTy` in the event that we wind up opting to not support unsized types and instead requiring people to write the 'sized version', e.g. `const N: [u8; M]` instead of `const N: [u8]`.
- Crates should be able to enable `unsized_const_parameters` and write trait implementations of `ConstParamTy` for `!Sized` types without downstream crates that only enable `adt_const_params` being able to observe this (required for std to be able to `impl<T> ConstParamTy for [T]`

Ultimately the way this is accomplished is via having two traits (sad), `ConstParamTy` and `UnsizedConstParamTy`. Depending on whether `unsized_const_parameters` is enabled or not we change which trait is used to check whether a type is allowed to be a const parameter.

Long term (when stabilizing `UnsizedConstParamTy`) it should be possible to completely merge these traits (and derive macros), only having a single `trait ConstParamTy` and `macro ConstParamTy`.

Under `adt_const_params` it is now illegal to directly refer to `ConstParamTy` it is only used as an internal impl detail by `derive(ConstParamTy)` and checking const parameters are well formed. This is necessary in order to ensure forwards compatibility with all possible future directions for `feature(unsized_const_parameters)`.

Generally the intuition here should be that `ConstParamTy` is the stable trait that everything uses, and `UnsizedConstParamTy` is that plus unstable implementations (well, I suppose `ConstParamTy` isn't stable yet :P).
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This folder contains tests for MIR optimizations.

The mir-opt test format emits MIR to extra files that you can automatically update by specifying --bless on the command line (just like ui tests updating .stderr files).

--blessable test format

By default 32 bit and 64 bit targets use the same dump files, which can be problematic in the presence of pointers in constants or other bit width dependent things. In that case you can add

// EMIT_MIR_FOR_EACH_BIT_WIDTH

to your test, causing separate files to be generated for 32bit and 64bit systems.

Testing a particular MIR pass

If you are only testing the behavior of a particular mir-opt pass on some specific input (as is usually the case), you should add

//@ test-mir-pass: PassName

to the top of the file. This makes sure that other passes don't run which means you'll get the input you expected and your test won't break when other code changes. This also lets you test passes that are disabled by default.

Emit a diff of the mir for a specific optimization

This is what you want most often when you want to see how an optimization changes the MIR.

// EMIT_MIR $file_name_of_some_mir_dump.diff

Emit mir after a specific optimization

Use this if you are just interested in the final state after an optimization.

// EMIT_MIR $file_name_of_some_mir_dump.after.mir

Emit mir before a specific optimization

This exists mainly for completeness and is rarely useful.

// EMIT_MIR $file_name_of_some_mir_dump.before.mir

FileCheck directives

The LLVM FileCheck tool is used to verify the contents of output MIR against CHECK directives present in the test file. This works on the runtime MIR, generated by --emit=mir, and not on the output of a individual passes.

Use // skip-filecheck to prevent FileCheck from running.

To check MIR for function foo, start with a // CHECK-LABEL fn foo( directive.

{{regex}} syntax allows to match regex.

[[name:regex]] syntax allows to bind name to a string matching regex, and refer to it as [[name]] in later directives, regex should be written not to match a leading space. Use [[my_local:_.*]] to name a local, and [[my_bb:bb.*]] to name a block.

Documentation for FileCheck is available here: https://www.llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html