Implement `MappedMutexGuard`, `MappedRwLockReadGuard`, and `MappedRwLockWriteGuard`.
ACP: https://github.com/rust-lang/libs-team/issues/260
Tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/117108
<details> <summary> (Outdated) </summary>
`MutexState`/`RwLockState` structs
~~Having `sys::(Mutex|RwLock)` and `poison::Flag` as separate fields in the `Mutex`/`RwLock` would require `MappedMutexGuard`/`MappedRwLockWriteGuard` to hold an additional pointer, so I combined the two fields into a `MutexState`/`RwLockState` struct. This should not noticeably affect perf or layout, but requires an additional field projection when accessing the former `.inner` or `.poison` fields (now `.state.inner` and `.state.poison`).~~ If this is not desired, then `MappedMutexGuard`/`MappedRwLockWriteGuard` can instead hold separate pointers to the two fields.
</details>
The doc-comments are mostly copied from the existing `*Guard` doc-comments, with some parts from `lock_api::Mapped*Guard`'s doc-comments.
Unresolved question: Are more tests needed?
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