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bors a0f86de497 Auto merge of #19353 - icorderi:docs/grammar, r=steveklabnik
Original [issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/19278) that inspired this patch.

The [reference.md] has evolved past simple grammatical constructs, and it serves a different purpose. 
The intent for the proposed _grammar.md_ is to hold **only** the official reference for the language grammar. This document would keep track of grammatical changes to the language over time, facilitate discussions over proposed changes to the existing grammar, and serve as basis for building parsers by third-parties (IDE's, GitHub linguist, CodeMirror, etc.). 

The current state of the PR contains all the grammars that were available in [reference.md] and nothing else. 
There are still a lot of missing pieces that weren't available. The following are just a few of the definitions missing:
- [Functions](https://github.com/icorderi/rust/blob/docs/grammar/src/doc/grammar.md#functions)
- [Structures](https://github.com/icorderi/rust/blob/docs/grammar/src/doc/grammar.md#structures)
- [Traits](https://github.com/icorderi/rust/blob/docs/grammar/src/doc/grammar.md#traits)
- [Implementations](https://github.com/icorderi/rust/blob/docs/grammar/src/doc/grammar.md#implementations)
- [Operators](https://github.com/icorderi/rust/blob/docs/grammar/src/doc/grammar.md#unary-operator-expressions)
- [Statements](https://github.com/icorderi/rust/blob/docs/grammar/src/doc/grammar.md#statements)
- [Expressions](https://github.com/icorderi/rust/blob/docs/grammar/src/doc/grammar.md#expressions)

[reference.md]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/doc/reference.md

We need help from people familiar with those grammatical constructs to fill in the missing pieces.
2015-01-20 16:05:33 +00:00
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The Rust Programming Language

This is a compiler for Rust, including standard libraries, tools and documentation.

Quick Start

  1. Download a binary installer for your platform.
  2. Read The Rust Programming Language.
  3. Enjoy!

Note: Windows users can read the detailed using Rust on Windows notes on the wiki.

Building from Source

  1. Make sure you have installed the dependencies:

    • g++ 4.7 or clang++ 3.x
    • python 2.6 or later (but not 3.x)
    • perl 5.0 or later
    • GNU make 3.81 or later
    • curl
    • git
  2. Download and build Rust:

    You can either download a tarball or build directly from the repo.

    To build from the tarball do:

     $ curl -O https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-nightly.tar.gz
     $ tar -xzf rust-nightly.tar.gz
     $ cd rust-nightly
    

    Or to build from the repo do:

     $ git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git
     $ cd rust
    

    Now that you have Rust's source code, you can configure and build it:

     $ ./configure
     $ make && make install
    

    Note: You may need to use sudo make install if you do not normally have permission to modify the destination directory. The install locations can be adjusted by passing a --prefix argument to configure. Various other options are also supported, pass --help for more information on them.

    When complete, make install will place several programs into /usr/local/bin: rustc, the Rust compiler, and rustdoc, the API-documentation tool.

  3. Read The Rust Programming Language.

  4. Enjoy!

Building on Windows

To easily build on windows we can use MSYS2:

  1. Grab the latest MSYS2 installer and go through the installer.
  2. Now from the MSYS2 terminal we want to install the mingw64 toolchain and the other tools we need.
# choose one based on platform
$ pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-toolchain
$ pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain

$ pacman -S base-devel
  1. With that now start mingw32_shell.bat or mingw64_shell.bat from where you installed MSYS2 (i.e. C:\msys). Which one you choose depends on if you want 32 or 64 bit Rust.

  2. From there just navigate to where you have Rust's source code, configure and build it:

     $ ./configure
     $ make && make install
    

Notes

Since the Rust compiler is written in Rust, it must be built by a precompiled "snapshot" version of itself (made in an earlier state of development). As such, source builds require a connection to the Internet, to fetch snapshots, and an OS that can execute the available snapshot binaries.

Snapshot binaries are currently built and tested on several platforms:

  • Windows (7, 8, Server 2008 R2), x86 and x86-64 (64-bit support added in Rust 0.12.0)
  • Linux (2.6.18 or later, various distributions), x86 and x86-64
  • OSX 10.7 (Lion) or greater, x86 and x86-64

You may find that other platforms work, but these are our officially supported build environments that are most likely to work.

Rust currently needs about 1.5 GiB of RAM to build without swapping; if it hits swap, it will take a very long time to build.

There is a lot more documentation in the wiki.

Getting help and getting involved

The Rust community congregates in a few places:

License

Rust is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the Apache License (Version 2.0), with portions covered by various BSD-like licenses.

See LICENSE-APACHE, LICENSE-MIT, and COPYRIGHT for details.