Handle recursion limit for subtype and well-formed predicates
Adds a recursion limit check for subtype predicates and well-formed predicates.
`-Ztrait-solver=next` currently panics with unimplemented for these cases.
These cases are arguably bugs in the occurs check but:
- I could not find a simple way to fix the occurs check
- There should still be a recursion limit check to prevent hangs anyway.
closes#117151
r? types
0919ad1838