Evaluate fixed-length array length expressions lazily.
This is in preparation for polymorphic array lengths (aka `[T; T::A]`) and const generics.
We need deferred const-evaluation to break cycles when array types show up in positions which require knowing the array type to typeck the array length, e.g. the array type is in a `where` clause.
The final step - actually passing bounds in scope to array length expressions from the parent - is not done because it still produces cycles when *normalizing* `ParamEnv`s, and @nikomatsakis' in-progress lazy normalization work is needed to deal with that uniformly.
However, the changes here are still useful to unlock work on const generics, which @EpicatSupercell manifested interest in, and I might be mentoring them for that, but we need this baseline first.
r? @nikomatsakis cc @oli-obk
3cb24bd37b