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- Unify the representations of `cat_upvar` and `cat_copied_upvar` - In `link_reborrowed_region`, account for the ability of upvars to change their mutability due to later processing. A map of recursive region links we may want to establish in the future is maintained, with the links being established when the kind of the borrow is adjusted. - When categorizing upvars, add an explicit deref that represents the closure environment pointer for closures that do not take the environment by value. The region for the implicit pointer is an anonymous free region type introduced for this purpose. This creates the necessary constraint to prevent unsound reborrows from the environment. - Add a note to categorizations to make it easier to tell when extra dereferences have been inserted by an upvar without having to perform deep pattern matching. - Adjust borrowck to deal with the changes. Where `cat_upvar` and `cat_copied_upvar` were previously treated differently, they are now both treated roughly like local variables within the closure body, as the explicit derefs now ensure proper behavior. However, error diagnostics had to be changed to explicitly look through the extra dereferences to avoid producing confusing messages about references not present in the source code. Closes issue #17403. Remaining work: - The error diagnostics that result from failed region inference are pretty inscrutible and should be improved. Code like the following is now rejected: let mut x = 0u; let f = || &mut x; let y = f(); let z = f(); // multiple mutable references to the same location This also breaks code that uses a similar construction even if it does not go on to violate aliasability semantics. Such code will need to be reworked in some way, such as by using a capture-by-value closure type. [breaking-change]
The Rust Programming Language
This is a compiler for Rust, including standard libraries, tools and documentation.
Quick Start
- Download a binary installer for your platform.
- Read the guide.
- Enjoy!
Note: Windows users can read the detailed using Rust on Windows notes on the wiki.
Building from Source
-
Make sure you have installed the dependencies:
g++4.7 orclang++3.xpython2.6 or later (but not 3.x)perl5.0 or later- GNU
make3.81 or later curlgit
-
Download and build Rust:
You can either download a tarball or build directly from the repo.
To build from the tarball do:
$ curl -O https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-nightly.tar.gz $ tar -xzf rust-nightly.tar.gz $ cd rust-nightlyOr to build from the repo do:
$ git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git $ cd rustNow that you have Rust's source code, you can configure and build it:
$ ./configure $ make && make installNote: You may need to use
sudo make installif you do not normally have permission to modify the destination directory. The install locations can be adjusted by passing a--prefixargument toconfigure. Various other options are also supported, pass--helpfor more information on them.When complete,
make installwill place several programs into/usr/local/bin:rustc, the Rust compiler, andrustdoc, the API-documentation tool. -
Read the guide.
-
Enjoy!
Building on Windows
To easily build on windows we can use MSYS2:
-
Grab the latest MSYS2 installer and go through the installer.
-
Now from the MSYS2 terminal we want to install the mingw64 toolchain and the other tools we need.
$ pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-toolchain $ pacman -S base-devel -
With that now start
mingw32_shell.batfrom where you installed MSYS2 (i.e.C:\msys). -
From there just navigate to where you have Rust's source code, configure and build it:
$ ./configure $ make && make install
Notes
Since the Rust compiler is written in Rust, it must be built by a precompiled "snapshot" version of itself (made in an earlier state of development). As such, source builds require a connection to the Internet, to fetch snapshots, and an OS that can execute the available snapshot binaries.
Snapshot binaries are currently built and tested on several platforms:
- Windows (7, 8, Server 2008 R2), x86 and x86-64 (64-bit support added in Rust 0.12.0)
- Linux (2.6.18 or later, various distributions), x86 and x86-64
- OSX 10.7 (Lion) or greater, x86 and x86-64
You may find that other platforms work, but these are our officially supported build environments that are most likely to work.
Rust currently needs about 1.5 GiB of RAM to build without swapping; if it hits swap, it will take a very long time to build.
There is a lot more documentation in the wiki.
Getting help and getting involved
The Rust community congregates in a few places:
- StackOverflow - Get help here.
- /r/rust - General discussion.
- discuss.rust-lang.org - For development of the Rust language itself.
License
Rust is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the Apache License (Version 2.0), with portions covered by various BSD-like licenses.
See LICENSE-APACHE, LICENSE-MIT, and COPYRIGHT for details.