offset_from, offset: clearly separate safety requirements the user needs to prove from corollaries that automatically follow
By landing https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/116675 we decided that objects larger than `isize::MAX` cannot exist in the address space of a Rust program, which lets us simplify these rules.
For `offset_from`, we can even state that the *absolute* distance fits into an `isize`, and therefore exclude `isize::MIN`. This PR also changes Miri to treat an `isize::MIN` difference like the other isize-overflowing cases.