1725 lines
55 KiB
Rust
1725 lines
55 KiB
Rust
//! Shareable mutable containers.
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//!
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//! Rust memory safety is based on this rule: Given an object `T`, it is only possible to
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//! have one of the following:
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//!
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//! - Having several immutable references (`&T`) to the object (also known as **aliasing**).
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//! - Having one mutable reference (`&mut T`) to the object (also known as **mutability**).
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//!
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//! This is enforced by the Rust compiler. However, there are situations where this rule is not
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//! flexible enough. Sometimes it is required to have multiple references to an object and yet
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//! mutate it.
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//!
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//! Shareable mutable containers exist to permit mutability in a controlled manner, even in the
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//! presence of aliasing. Both `Cell<T>` and `RefCell<T>` allow doing this in a single-threaded
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//! way. However, neither `Cell<T>` nor `RefCell<T>` are thread safe (they do not implement
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//! `Sync`). If you need to do aliasing and mutation between multiple threads it is possible to
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//! use [`Mutex`](../../std/sync/struct.Mutex.html),
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//! [`RwLock`](../../std/sync/struct.RwLock.html) or
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//! [`atomic`](../../core/sync/atomic/index.html) types.
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//!
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//! Values of the `Cell<T>` and `RefCell<T>` types may be mutated through shared references (i.e.
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//! the common `&T` type), whereas most Rust types can only be mutated through unique (`&mut T`)
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//! references. We say that `Cell<T>` and `RefCell<T>` provide 'interior mutability', in contrast
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//! with typical Rust types that exhibit 'inherited mutability'.
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//!
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//! Cell types come in two flavors: `Cell<T>` and `RefCell<T>`. `Cell<T>` implements interior
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//! mutability by moving values in and out of the `Cell<T>`. To use references instead of values,
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//! one must use the `RefCell<T>` type, acquiring a write lock before mutating. `Cell<T>` provides
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//! methods to retrieve and change the current interior value:
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//!
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//! - For types that implement `Copy`, the `get` method retrieves the current interior value.
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//! - For types that implement `Default`, the `take` method replaces the current interior value
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//! with `Default::default()` and returns the replaced value.
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//! - For all types, the `replace` method replaces the current interior value and returns the
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//! replaced value and the `into_inner` method consumes the `Cell<T>` and returns the interior
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//! value. Additionally, the `set` method replaces the interior value, dropping the replaced
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//! value.
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//!
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//! `RefCell<T>` uses Rust's lifetimes to implement 'dynamic borrowing', a process whereby one can
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//! claim temporary, exclusive, mutable access to the inner value. Borrows for `RefCell<T>`s are
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//! tracked 'at runtime', unlike Rust's native reference types which are entirely tracked
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//! statically, at compile time. Because `RefCell<T>` borrows are dynamic it is possible to attempt
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//! to borrow a value that is already mutably borrowed; when this happens it results in thread
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//! panic.
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//!
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//! # When to choose interior mutability
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//!
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//! The more common inherited mutability, where one must have unique access to mutate a value, is
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//! one of the key language elements that enables Rust to reason strongly about pointer aliasing,
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//! statically preventing crash bugs. Because of that, inherited mutability is preferred, and
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//! interior mutability is something of a last resort. Since cell types enable mutation where it
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//! would otherwise be disallowed though, there are occasions when interior mutability might be
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//! appropriate, or even *must* be used, e.g.
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//!
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//! * Introducing mutability 'inside' of something immutable
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//! * Implementation details of logically-immutable methods.
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//! * Mutating implementations of `Clone`.
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//!
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//! ## Introducing mutability 'inside' of something immutable
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//!
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//! Many shared smart pointer types, including `Rc<T>` and `Arc<T>`, provide containers that can be
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//! cloned and shared between multiple parties. Because the contained values may be
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//! multiply-aliased, they can only be borrowed with `&`, not `&mut`. Without cells it would be
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//! impossible to mutate data inside of these smart pointers at all.
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//!
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//! It's very common then to put a `RefCell<T>` inside shared pointer types to reintroduce
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//! mutability:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
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//! use std::collections::HashMap;
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//! use std::rc::Rc;
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//!
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//! fn main() {
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//! let shared_map: Rc<RefCell<_>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(HashMap::new()));
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//! // Create a new block to limit the scope of the dynamic borrow
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//! {
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//! let mut map: RefMut<_> = shared_map.borrow_mut();
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//! map.insert("africa", 92388);
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//! map.insert("kyoto", 11837);
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//! map.insert("piccadilly", 11826);
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//! map.insert("marbles", 38);
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//! }
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//!
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//! // Note that if we had not let the previous borrow of the cache fall out
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//! // of scope then the subsequent borrow would cause a dynamic thread panic.
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//! // This is the major hazard of using `RefCell`.
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//! let total: i32 = shared_map.borrow().values().sum();
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//! println!("{}", total);
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//! }
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Note that this example uses `Rc<T>` and not `Arc<T>`. `RefCell<T>`s are for single-threaded
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//! scenarios. Consider using `RwLock<T>` or `Mutex<T>` if you need shared mutability in a
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//! multi-threaded situation.
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//!
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//! ## Implementation details of logically-immutable methods
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//!
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//! Occasionally it may be desirable not to expose in an API that there is mutation happening
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//! "under the hood". This may be because logically the operation is immutable, but e.g., caching
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//! forces the implementation to perform mutation; or because you must employ mutation to implement
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//! a trait method that was originally defined to take `&self`.
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//!
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//! ```
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//! # #![allow(dead_code)]
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//! use std::cell::RefCell;
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//!
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//! struct Graph {
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//! edges: Vec<(i32, i32)>,
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//! span_tree_cache: RefCell<Option<Vec<(i32, i32)>>>
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//! }
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//!
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//! impl Graph {
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//! fn minimum_spanning_tree(&self) -> Vec<(i32, i32)> {
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//! self.span_tree_cache.borrow_mut()
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//! .get_or_insert_with(|| self.calc_span_tree())
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//! .clone()
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//! }
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//!
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//! fn calc_span_tree(&self) -> Vec<(i32, i32)> {
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//! // Expensive computation goes here
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//! vec![]
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//! }
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//! }
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//! ```
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//!
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//! ## Mutating implementations of `Clone`
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//!
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//! This is simply a special - but common - case of the previous: hiding mutability for operations
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//! that appear to be immutable. The `clone` method is expected to not change the source value, and
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//! is declared to take `&self`, not `&mut self`. Therefore, any mutation that happens in the
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//! `clone` method must use cell types. For example, `Rc<T>` maintains its reference counts within a
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//! `Cell<T>`.
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//!
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//! ```
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//! use std::cell::Cell;
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//! use std::ptr::NonNull;
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//! use std::process::abort;
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//! use std::marker::PhantomData;
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//!
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//! struct Rc<T: ?Sized> {
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//! ptr: NonNull<RcBox<T>>,
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//! phantom: PhantomData<RcBox<T>>,
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//! }
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//!
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//! struct RcBox<T: ?Sized> {
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//! strong: Cell<usize>,
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//! refcount: Cell<usize>,
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//! value: T,
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//! }
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//!
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//! impl<T: ?Sized> Clone for Rc<T> {
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//! fn clone(&self) -> Rc<T> {
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//! self.inc_strong();
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//! Rc {
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//! ptr: self.ptr,
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//! phantom: PhantomData,
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//! }
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//! }
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//! }
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//!
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//! trait RcBoxPtr<T: ?Sized> {
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//!
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//! fn inner(&self) -> &RcBox<T>;
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//!
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//! fn strong(&self) -> usize {
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//! self.inner().strong.get()
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//! }
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//!
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//! fn inc_strong(&self) {
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//! self.inner()
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//! .strong
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//! .set(self.strong()
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//! .checked_add(1)
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//! .unwrap_or_else(|| abort() ));
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//! }
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//! }
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//!
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//! impl<T: ?Sized> RcBoxPtr<T> for Rc<T> {
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//! fn inner(&self) -> &RcBox<T> {
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//! unsafe {
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//! self.ptr.as_ref()
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//! }
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//! }
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//! }
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//! ```
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//!
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#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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use crate::cmp::Ordering;
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use crate::fmt::{self, Debug, Display};
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use crate::marker::Unsize;
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use crate::mem;
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use crate::ops::{CoerceUnsized, Deref, DerefMut};
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use crate::ptr;
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/// A mutable memory location.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// In this example, you can see that `Cell<T>` enables mutation inside an
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/// immutable struct. In other words, it enables "interior mutability".
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///
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/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// struct SomeStruct {
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/// regular_field: u8,
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/// special_field: Cell<u8>,
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/// }
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///
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/// let my_struct = SomeStruct {
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/// regular_field: 0,
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/// special_field: Cell::new(1),
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/// };
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///
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/// let new_value = 100;
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///
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/// // ERROR: `my_struct` is immutable
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/// // my_struct.regular_field = new_value;
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///
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/// // WORKS: although `my_struct` is immutable, `special_field` is a `Cell`,
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/// // which can always be mutated
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/// my_struct.special_field.set(new_value);
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/// assert_eq!(my_struct.special_field.get(), new_value);
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/// ```
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///
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/// See the [module-level documentation](index.html) for more.
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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#[repr(transparent)]
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pub struct Cell<T: ?Sized> {
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value: UnsafeCell<T>,
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}
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Send for Cell<T> where T: Send {}
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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impl<T: ?Sized> !Sync for Cell<T> {}
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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impl<T: Copy> Clone for Cell<T> {
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#[inline]
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fn clone(&self) -> Cell<T> {
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Cell::new(self.get())
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}
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}
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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impl<T: Default> Default for Cell<T> {
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/// Creates a `Cell<T>`, with the `Default` value for T.
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#[inline]
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fn default() -> Cell<T> {
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Cell::new(Default::default())
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}
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}
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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impl<T: PartialEq + Copy> PartialEq for Cell<T> {
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#[inline]
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fn eq(&self, other: &Cell<T>) -> bool {
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self.get() == other.get()
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}
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}
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#[stable(feature = "cell_eq", since = "1.2.0")]
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impl<T: Eq + Copy> Eq for Cell<T> {}
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#[stable(feature = "cell_ord", since = "1.10.0")]
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impl<T: PartialOrd + Copy> PartialOrd for Cell<T> {
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#[inline]
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fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Cell<T>) -> Option<Ordering> {
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self.get().partial_cmp(&other.get())
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}
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#[inline]
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fn lt(&self, other: &Cell<T>) -> bool {
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self.get() < other.get()
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}
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#[inline]
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fn le(&self, other: &Cell<T>) -> bool {
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self.get() <= other.get()
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}
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#[inline]
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fn gt(&self, other: &Cell<T>) -> bool {
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self.get() > other.get()
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}
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#[inline]
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fn ge(&self, other: &Cell<T>) -> bool {
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self.get() >= other.get()
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}
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}
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#[stable(feature = "cell_ord", since = "1.10.0")]
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impl<T: Ord + Copy> Ord for Cell<T> {
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#[inline]
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fn cmp(&self, other: &Cell<T>) -> Ordering {
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self.get().cmp(&other.get())
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}
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}
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#[stable(feature = "cell_from", since = "1.12.0")]
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impl<T> From<T> for Cell<T> {
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fn from(t: T) -> Cell<T> {
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Cell::new(t)
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}
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}
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impl<T> Cell<T> {
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/// Creates a new `Cell` containing the given value.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// let c = Cell::new(5);
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/// ```
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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#[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_cell_new", since = "1.32.0")]
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#[inline]
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pub const fn new(value: T) -> Cell<T> {
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Cell { value: UnsafeCell::new(value) }
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}
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/// Sets the contained value.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// let c = Cell::new(5);
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///
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/// c.set(10);
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/// ```
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#[inline]
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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pub fn set(&self, val: T) {
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let old = self.replace(val);
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drop(old);
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}
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/// Swaps the values of two Cells.
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/// Difference with `std::mem::swap` is that this function doesn't require `&mut` reference.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// let c1 = Cell::new(5i32);
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/// let c2 = Cell::new(10i32);
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/// c1.swap(&c2);
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/// assert_eq!(10, c1.get());
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/// assert_eq!(5, c2.get());
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/// ```
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#[inline]
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#[stable(feature = "move_cell", since = "1.17.0")]
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pub fn swap(&self, other: &Self) {
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if ptr::eq(self, other) {
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return;
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}
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// SAFETY: This can be risky if called from separate threads, but `Cell`
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// is `!Sync` so this won't happen. This also won't invalidate any
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// pointers since `Cell` makes sure nothing else will be pointing into
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// either of these `Cell`s.
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unsafe {
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ptr::swap(self.value.get(), other.value.get());
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}
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}
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/// Replaces the contained value, and returns it.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// let cell = Cell::new(5);
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/// assert_eq!(cell.get(), 5);
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/// assert_eq!(cell.replace(10), 5);
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/// assert_eq!(cell.get(), 10);
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/// ```
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#[stable(feature = "move_cell", since = "1.17.0")]
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pub fn replace(&self, val: T) -> T {
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// SAFETY: This can cause data races if called from a separate thread,
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// but `Cell` is `!Sync` so this won't happen.
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mem::replace(unsafe { &mut *self.value.get() }, val)
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}
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/// Unwraps the value.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
|
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/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// let c = Cell::new(5);
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/// let five = c.into_inner();
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///
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/// assert_eq!(five, 5);
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/// ```
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#[stable(feature = "move_cell", since = "1.17.0")]
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pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
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self.value.into_inner()
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}
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}
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impl<T: Copy> Cell<T> {
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/// Returns a copy of the contained value.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
|
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/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// let c = Cell::new(5);
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///
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/// let five = c.get();
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/// ```
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#[inline]
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#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
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pub fn get(&self) -> T {
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// SAFETY: This can cause data races if called from a separate thread,
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// but `Cell` is `!Sync` so this won't happen.
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unsafe { *self.value.get() }
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}
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|
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/// Updates the contained value using a function and returns the new value.
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///
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/// # Examples
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|
///
|
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/// ```
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|
/// #![feature(cell_update)]
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///
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// let c = Cell::new(5);
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/// let new = c.update(|x| x + 1);
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///
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/// assert_eq!(new, 6);
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/// assert_eq!(c.get(), 6);
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/// ```
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#[inline]
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#[unstable(feature = "cell_update", issue = "50186")]
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|
pub fn update<F>(&self, f: F) -> T
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where
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F: FnOnce(T) -> T,
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{
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let old = self.get();
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let new = f(old);
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self.set(new);
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new
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}
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}
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impl<T: ?Sized> Cell<T> {
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/// Returns a raw pointer to the underlying data in this cell.
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///
|
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/// # Examples
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///
|
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/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
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/// let c = Cell::new(5);
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///
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/// let ptr = c.as_ptr();
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/// ```
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#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_as_ptr", since = "1.12.0")]
|
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#[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_cell_as_ptr", since = "1.32.0")]
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pub const fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut T {
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self.value.get()
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}
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|
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/// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying data.
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///
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|
/// This call borrows `Cell` mutably (at compile-time) which guarantees
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/// that we possess the only reference.
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///
|
|
/// # Examples
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|
///
|
|
/// ```
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/// use std::cell::Cell;
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///
|
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/// let mut c = Cell::new(5);
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/// *c.get_mut() += 1;
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///
|
|
/// assert_eq!(c.get(), 6);
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/// ```
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#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_get_mut", since = "1.11.0")]
|
|
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
|
|
// SAFETY: This can cause data races if called from a separate thread,
|
|
// but `Cell` is `!Sync` so this won't happen, and `&mut` guarantees
|
|
// unique access.
|
|
unsafe { &mut *self.value.get() }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Returns a `&Cell<T>` from a `&mut T`
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::Cell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let slice: &mut [i32] = &mut [1, 2, 3];
|
|
/// let cell_slice: &Cell<[i32]> = Cell::from_mut(slice);
|
|
/// let slice_cell: &[Cell<i32>] = cell_slice.as_slice_of_cells();
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert_eq!(slice_cell.len(), 3);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "as_cell", since = "1.37.0")]
|
|
pub fn from_mut(t: &mut T) -> &Cell<T> {
|
|
// SAFETY: `&mut` ensures unique access.
|
|
unsafe { &*(t as *mut T as *const Cell<T>) }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<T: Default> Cell<T> {
|
|
/// Takes the value of the cell, leaving `Default::default()` in its place.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::Cell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = Cell::new(5);
|
|
/// let five = c.take();
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert_eq!(five, 5);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(c.into_inner(), 0);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "move_cell", since = "1.17.0")]
|
|
pub fn take(&self) -> T {
|
|
self.replace(Default::default())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "coerce_unsized", issue = "27732")]
|
|
impl<T: CoerceUnsized<U>, U> CoerceUnsized<Cell<U>> for Cell<T> {}
|
|
|
|
impl<T> Cell<[T]> {
|
|
/// Returns a `&[Cell<T>]` from a `&Cell<[T]>`
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::Cell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let slice: &mut [i32] = &mut [1, 2, 3];
|
|
/// let cell_slice: &Cell<[i32]> = Cell::from_mut(slice);
|
|
/// let slice_cell: &[Cell<i32>] = cell_slice.as_slice_of_cells();
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert_eq!(slice_cell.len(), 3);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "as_cell", since = "1.37.0")]
|
|
pub fn as_slice_of_cells(&self) -> &[Cell<T>] {
|
|
// SAFETY: `Cell<T>` has the same memory layout as `T`.
|
|
unsafe { &*(self as *const Cell<[T]> as *const [Cell<T>]) }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// A mutable memory location with dynamically checked borrow rules
|
|
///
|
|
/// See the [module-level documentation](index.html) for more.
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
pub struct RefCell<T: ?Sized> {
|
|
borrow: Cell<BorrowFlag>,
|
|
value: UnsafeCell<T>,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// An error returned by [`RefCell::try_borrow`](struct.RefCell.html#method.try_borrow).
|
|
#[stable(feature = "try_borrow", since = "1.13.0")]
|
|
pub struct BorrowError {
|
|
_private: (),
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "try_borrow", since = "1.13.0")]
|
|
impl Debug for BorrowError {
|
|
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
|
|
f.debug_struct("BorrowError").finish()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "try_borrow", since = "1.13.0")]
|
|
impl Display for BorrowError {
|
|
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
|
|
Display::fmt("already mutably borrowed", f)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// An error returned by [`RefCell::try_borrow_mut`](struct.RefCell.html#method.try_borrow_mut).
|
|
#[stable(feature = "try_borrow", since = "1.13.0")]
|
|
pub struct BorrowMutError {
|
|
_private: (),
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "try_borrow", since = "1.13.0")]
|
|
impl Debug for BorrowMutError {
|
|
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
|
|
f.debug_struct("BorrowMutError").finish()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "try_borrow", since = "1.13.0")]
|
|
impl Display for BorrowMutError {
|
|
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
|
|
Display::fmt("already borrowed", f)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Positive values represent the number of `Ref` active. Negative values
|
|
// represent the number of `RefMut` active. Multiple `RefMut`s can only be
|
|
// active at a time if they refer to distinct, nonoverlapping components of a
|
|
// `RefCell` (e.g., different ranges of a slice).
|
|
//
|
|
// `Ref` and `RefMut` are both two words in size, and so there will likely never
|
|
// be enough `Ref`s or `RefMut`s in existence to overflow half of the `usize`
|
|
// range. Thus, a `BorrowFlag` will probably never overflow or underflow.
|
|
// However, this is not a guarantee, as a pathological program could repeatedly
|
|
// create and then mem::forget `Ref`s or `RefMut`s. Thus, all code must
|
|
// explicitly check for overflow and underflow in order to avoid unsafety, or at
|
|
// least behave correctly in the event that overflow or underflow happens (e.g.,
|
|
// see BorrowRef::new).
|
|
type BorrowFlag = isize;
|
|
const UNUSED: BorrowFlag = 0;
|
|
|
|
#[inline(always)]
|
|
fn is_writing(x: BorrowFlag) -> bool {
|
|
x < UNUSED
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[inline(always)]
|
|
fn is_reading(x: BorrowFlag) -> bool {
|
|
x > UNUSED
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<T> RefCell<T> {
|
|
/// Creates a new `RefCell` containing `value`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
#[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_refcell_new", since = "1.32.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub const fn new(value: T) -> RefCell<T> {
|
|
RefCell { value: UnsafeCell::new(value), borrow: Cell::new(UNUSED) }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Consumes the `RefCell`, returning the wrapped value.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// let five = c.into_inner();
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
|
|
// Since this function takes `self` (the `RefCell`) by value, the
|
|
// compiler statically verifies that it is not currently borrowed.
|
|
// Therefore the following assertion is just a `debug_assert!`.
|
|
debug_assert!(self.borrow.get() == UNUSED);
|
|
self.value.into_inner()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Replaces the wrapped value with a new one, returning the old value,
|
|
/// without deinitializing either one.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This function corresponds to [`std::mem::replace`](../mem/fn.replace.html).
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value is currently borrowed.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
/// let cell = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
/// let old_value = cell.replace(6);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(old_value, 5);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(cell, RefCell::new(6));
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "refcell_replace", since = "1.24.0")]
|
|
pub fn replace(&self, t: T) -> T {
|
|
mem::replace(&mut *self.borrow_mut(), t)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Replaces the wrapped value with a new one computed from `f`, returning
|
|
/// the old value, without deinitializing either one.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value is currently borrowed.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
/// let cell = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
/// let old_value = cell.replace_with(|&mut old| old + 1);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(old_value, 5);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(cell, RefCell::new(6));
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "refcell_replace_swap", since = "1.35.0")]
|
|
pub fn replace_with<F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> T>(&self, f: F) -> T {
|
|
let mut_borrow = &mut *self.borrow_mut();
|
|
let replacement = f(mut_borrow);
|
|
mem::replace(mut_borrow, replacement)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Swaps the wrapped value of `self` with the wrapped value of `other`,
|
|
/// without deinitializing either one.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This function corresponds to [`std::mem::swap`](../mem/fn.swap.html).
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value in either `RefCell` is currently borrowed.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
/// let d = RefCell::new(6);
|
|
/// c.swap(&d);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(c, RefCell::new(6));
|
|
/// assert_eq!(d, RefCell::new(5));
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "refcell_swap", since = "1.24.0")]
|
|
pub fn swap(&self, other: &Self) {
|
|
mem::swap(&mut *self.borrow_mut(), &mut *other.borrow_mut())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized> RefCell<T> {
|
|
/// Immutably borrows the wrapped value.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The borrow lasts until the returned `Ref` exits scope. Multiple
|
|
/// immutable borrows can be taken out at the same time.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value is currently mutably borrowed. For a non-panicking variant, use
|
|
/// [`try_borrow`](#method.try_borrow).
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// let borrowed_five = c.borrow();
|
|
/// let borrowed_five2 = c.borrow();
|
|
/// ```
|
|
///
|
|
/// An example of panic:
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```should_panic
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// let m = c.borrow_mut();
|
|
/// let b = c.borrow(); // this causes a panic
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn borrow(&self) -> Ref<'_, T> {
|
|
self.try_borrow().expect("already mutably borrowed")
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Immutably borrows the wrapped value, returning an error if the value is currently mutably
|
|
/// borrowed.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The borrow lasts until the returned `Ref` exits scope. Multiple immutable borrows can be
|
|
/// taken out at the same time.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is the non-panicking variant of [`borrow`](#method.borrow).
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// {
|
|
/// let m = c.borrow_mut();
|
|
/// assert!(c.try_borrow().is_err());
|
|
/// }
|
|
///
|
|
/// {
|
|
/// let m = c.borrow();
|
|
/// assert!(c.try_borrow().is_ok());
|
|
/// }
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "try_borrow", since = "1.13.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn try_borrow(&self) -> Result<Ref<'_, T>, BorrowError> {
|
|
match BorrowRef::new(&self.borrow) {
|
|
// SAFETY: `BorrowRef` ensures that there is only immutable access
|
|
// to the value while borrowed.
|
|
Some(b) => Ok(Ref { value: unsafe { &*self.value.get() }, borrow: b }),
|
|
None => Err(BorrowError { _private: () }),
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Mutably borrows the wrapped value.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The borrow lasts until the returned `RefMut` or all `RefMut`s derived
|
|
/// from it exit scope. The value cannot be borrowed while this borrow is
|
|
/// active.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value is currently borrowed. For a non-panicking variant, use
|
|
/// [`try_borrow_mut`](#method.try_borrow_mut).
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new("hello".to_owned());
|
|
///
|
|
/// *c.borrow_mut() = "bonjour".to_owned();
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert_eq!(&*c.borrow(), "bonjour");
|
|
/// ```
|
|
///
|
|
/// An example of panic:
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```should_panic
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
/// let m = c.borrow();
|
|
///
|
|
/// let b = c.borrow_mut(); // this causes a panic
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn borrow_mut(&self) -> RefMut<'_, T> {
|
|
self.try_borrow_mut().expect("already borrowed")
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Mutably borrows the wrapped value, returning an error if the value is currently borrowed.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The borrow lasts until the returned `RefMut` or all `RefMut`s derived
|
|
/// from it exit scope. The value cannot be borrowed while this borrow is
|
|
/// active.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is the non-panicking variant of [`borrow_mut`](#method.borrow_mut).
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// {
|
|
/// let m = c.borrow();
|
|
/// assert!(c.try_borrow_mut().is_err());
|
|
/// }
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert!(c.try_borrow_mut().is_ok());
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "try_borrow", since = "1.13.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn try_borrow_mut(&self) -> Result<RefMut<'_, T>, BorrowMutError> {
|
|
match BorrowRefMut::new(&self.borrow) {
|
|
// SAFETY: `BorrowRef` guarantees unique access.
|
|
Some(b) => Ok(RefMut { value: unsafe { &mut *self.value.get() }, borrow: b }),
|
|
None => Err(BorrowMutError { _private: () }),
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Returns a raw pointer to the underlying data in this cell.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// let ptr = c.as_ptr();
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_as_ptr", since = "1.12.0")]
|
|
pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut T {
|
|
self.value.get()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying data.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This call borrows `RefCell` mutably (at compile-time) so there is no
|
|
/// need for dynamic checks.
|
|
///
|
|
/// However be cautious: this method expects `self` to be mutable, which is
|
|
/// generally not the case when using a `RefCell`. Take a look at the
|
|
/// [`borrow_mut`] method instead if `self` isn't mutable.
|
|
///
|
|
/// Also, please be aware that this method is only for special circumstances and is usually
|
|
/// not what you want. In case of doubt, use [`borrow_mut`] instead.
|
|
///
|
|
/// [`borrow_mut`]: #method.borrow_mut
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let mut c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
/// *c.get_mut() += 1;
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert_eq!(c, RefCell::new(6));
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_get_mut", since = "1.11.0")]
|
|
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
|
|
// SAFETY: `&mut` guarantees unique access.
|
|
unsafe { &mut *self.value.get() }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Undo the effect of leaked guards on the borrow state of the `RefCell`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This call is similar to [`get_mut`] but more specialized. It borrows `RefCell` mutably to
|
|
/// ensure no borrows exist and then resets the state tracking shared borrows. This is relevant
|
|
/// if some `Ref` or `RefMut` borrows have been leaked.
|
|
///
|
|
/// [`get_mut`]: #method.get_mut
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// #![feature(cell_leak)]
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let mut c = RefCell::new(0);
|
|
/// std::mem::forget(c.borrow_mut());
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert!(c.try_borrow().is_err());
|
|
/// c.undo_leak();
|
|
/// assert!(c.try_borrow().is_ok());
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "cell_leak", issue = "69099")]
|
|
pub fn undo_leak(&mut self) -> &mut T {
|
|
*self.borrow.get_mut() = UNUSED;
|
|
self.get_mut()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Immutably borrows the wrapped value, returning an error if the value is
|
|
/// currently mutably borrowed.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Safety
|
|
///
|
|
/// Unlike `RefCell::borrow`, this method is unsafe because it does not
|
|
/// return a `Ref`, thus leaving the borrow flag untouched. Mutably
|
|
/// borrowing the `RefCell` while the reference returned by this method
|
|
/// is alive is undefined behaviour.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// {
|
|
/// let m = c.borrow_mut();
|
|
/// assert!(unsafe { c.try_borrow_unguarded() }.is_err());
|
|
/// }
|
|
///
|
|
/// {
|
|
/// let m = c.borrow();
|
|
/// assert!(unsafe { c.try_borrow_unguarded() }.is_ok());
|
|
/// }
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "borrow_state", since = "1.37.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub unsafe fn try_borrow_unguarded(&self) -> Result<&T, BorrowError> {
|
|
if !is_writing(self.borrow.get()) {
|
|
// SAFETY: We check that nobody is actively writing now, but it is
|
|
// the caller's responsibility to ensure that nobody writes until
|
|
// the returned reference is no longer in use.
|
|
// Also, `self.value.get()` refers to the value owned by `self`
|
|
// and is thus guaranteed to be valid for the lifetime of `self`.
|
|
Ok(unsafe { &*self.value.get() })
|
|
} else {
|
|
Err(BorrowError { _private: () })
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<T: Default> RefCell<T> {
|
|
/// Takes the wrapped value, leaving `Default::default()` in its place.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value is currently borrowed.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// #![feature(refcell_take)]
|
|
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new(5);
|
|
/// let five = c.take();
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert_eq!(five, 5);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(c.into_inner(), 0);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "refcell_take", issue = "71395")]
|
|
pub fn take(&self) -> T {
|
|
self.replace(Default::default())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
unsafe impl<T: ?Sized> Send for RefCell<T> where T: Send {}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized> !Sync for RefCell<T> {}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
impl<T: Clone> Clone for RefCell<T> {
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value is currently mutably borrowed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn clone(&self) -> RefCell<T> {
|
|
RefCell::new(self.borrow().clone())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
impl<T: Default> Default for RefCell<T> {
|
|
/// Creates a `RefCell<T>`, with the `Default` value for T.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn default() -> RefCell<T> {
|
|
RefCell::new(Default::default())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized + PartialEq> PartialEq for RefCell<T> {
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value in either `RefCell` is currently borrowed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn eq(&self, other: &RefCell<T>) -> bool {
|
|
*self.borrow() == *other.borrow()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_eq", since = "1.2.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized + Eq> Eq for RefCell<T> {}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_ord", since = "1.10.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized + PartialOrd> PartialOrd for RefCell<T> {
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value in either `RefCell` is currently borrowed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &RefCell<T>) -> Option<Ordering> {
|
|
self.borrow().partial_cmp(&*other.borrow())
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value in either `RefCell` is currently borrowed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn lt(&self, other: &RefCell<T>) -> bool {
|
|
*self.borrow() < *other.borrow()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value in either `RefCell` is currently borrowed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn le(&self, other: &RefCell<T>) -> bool {
|
|
*self.borrow() <= *other.borrow()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value in either `RefCell` is currently borrowed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn gt(&self, other: &RefCell<T>) -> bool {
|
|
*self.borrow() > *other.borrow()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value in either `RefCell` is currently borrowed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn ge(&self, other: &RefCell<T>) -> bool {
|
|
*self.borrow() >= *other.borrow()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_ord", since = "1.10.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized + Ord> Ord for RefCell<T> {
|
|
/// # Panics
|
|
///
|
|
/// Panics if the value in either `RefCell` is currently borrowed.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn cmp(&self, other: &RefCell<T>) -> Ordering {
|
|
self.borrow().cmp(&*other.borrow())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_from", since = "1.12.0")]
|
|
impl<T> From<T> for RefCell<T> {
|
|
fn from(t: T) -> RefCell<T> {
|
|
RefCell::new(t)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "coerce_unsized", issue = "27732")]
|
|
impl<T: CoerceUnsized<U>, U> CoerceUnsized<RefCell<U>> for RefCell<T> {}
|
|
|
|
struct BorrowRef<'b> {
|
|
borrow: &'b Cell<BorrowFlag>,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'b> BorrowRef<'b> {
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn new(borrow: &'b Cell<BorrowFlag>) -> Option<BorrowRef<'b>> {
|
|
let b = borrow.get().wrapping_add(1);
|
|
if !is_reading(b) {
|
|
// Incrementing borrow can result in a non-reading value (<= 0) in these cases:
|
|
// 1. It was < 0, i.e. there are writing borrows, so we can't allow a read borrow
|
|
// due to Rust's reference aliasing rules
|
|
// 2. It was isize::MAX (the max amount of reading borrows) and it overflowed
|
|
// into isize::MIN (the max amount of writing borrows) so we can't allow
|
|
// an additional read borrow because isize can't represent so many read borrows
|
|
// (this can only happen if you mem::forget more than a small constant amount of
|
|
// `Ref`s, which is not good practice)
|
|
None
|
|
} else {
|
|
// Incrementing borrow can result in a reading value (> 0) in these cases:
|
|
// 1. It was = 0, i.e. it wasn't borrowed, and we are taking the first read borrow
|
|
// 2. It was > 0 and < isize::MAX, i.e. there were read borrows, and isize
|
|
// is large enough to represent having one more read borrow
|
|
borrow.set(b);
|
|
Some(BorrowRef { borrow })
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl Drop for BorrowRef<'_> {
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn drop(&mut self) {
|
|
let borrow = self.borrow.get();
|
|
debug_assert!(is_reading(borrow));
|
|
self.borrow.set(borrow - 1);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl Clone for BorrowRef<'_> {
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn clone(&self) -> Self {
|
|
// Since this Ref exists, we know the borrow flag
|
|
// is a reading borrow.
|
|
let borrow = self.borrow.get();
|
|
debug_assert!(is_reading(borrow));
|
|
// Prevent the borrow counter from overflowing into
|
|
// a writing borrow.
|
|
assert!(borrow != isize::MAX);
|
|
self.borrow.set(borrow + 1);
|
|
BorrowRef { borrow: self.borrow }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Wraps a borrowed reference to a value in a `RefCell` box.
|
|
/// A wrapper type for an immutably borrowed value from a `RefCell<T>`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// See the [module-level documentation](index.html) for more.
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
pub struct Ref<'b, T: ?Sized + 'b> {
|
|
value: &'b T,
|
|
borrow: BorrowRef<'b>,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for Ref<'_, T> {
|
|
type Target = T;
|
|
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn deref(&self) -> &T {
|
|
self.value
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'b, T: ?Sized> Ref<'b, T> {
|
|
/// Copies a `Ref`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The `RefCell` is already immutably borrowed, so this cannot fail.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is an associated function that needs to be used as
|
|
/// `Ref::clone(...)`. A `Clone` implementation or a method would interfere
|
|
/// with the widespread use of `r.borrow().clone()` to clone the contents of
|
|
/// a `RefCell`.
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_extras", since = "1.15.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn clone(orig: &Ref<'b, T>) -> Ref<'b, T> {
|
|
Ref { value: orig.value, borrow: orig.borrow.clone() }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Makes a new `Ref` for a component of the borrowed data.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The `RefCell` is already immutably borrowed, so this cannot fail.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is an associated function that needs to be used as `Ref::map(...)`.
|
|
/// A method would interfere with methods of the same name on the contents
|
|
/// of a `RefCell` used through `Deref`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::{RefCell, Ref};
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new((5, 'b'));
|
|
/// let b1: Ref<(u32, char)> = c.borrow();
|
|
/// let b2: Ref<u32> = Ref::map(b1, |t| &t.0);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*b2, 5)
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_map", since = "1.8.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn map<U: ?Sized, F>(orig: Ref<'b, T>, f: F) -> Ref<'b, U>
|
|
where
|
|
F: FnOnce(&T) -> &U,
|
|
{
|
|
Ref { value: f(orig.value), borrow: orig.borrow }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Splits a `Ref` into multiple `Ref`s for different components of the
|
|
/// borrowed data.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The `RefCell` is already immutably borrowed, so this cannot fail.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is an associated function that needs to be used as
|
|
/// `Ref::map_split(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of the same
|
|
/// name on the contents of a `RefCell` used through `Deref`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::{Ref, RefCell};
|
|
///
|
|
/// let cell = RefCell::new([1, 2, 3, 4]);
|
|
/// let borrow = cell.borrow();
|
|
/// let (begin, end) = Ref::map_split(borrow, |slice| slice.split_at(2));
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*begin, [1, 2]);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*end, [3, 4]);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "refcell_map_split", since = "1.35.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn map_split<U: ?Sized, V: ?Sized, F>(orig: Ref<'b, T>, f: F) -> (Ref<'b, U>, Ref<'b, V>)
|
|
where
|
|
F: FnOnce(&T) -> (&U, &V),
|
|
{
|
|
let (a, b) = f(orig.value);
|
|
let borrow = orig.borrow.clone();
|
|
(Ref { value: a, borrow }, Ref { value: b, borrow: orig.borrow })
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Convert into a reference to the underlying data.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The underlying `RefCell` can never be mutably borrowed from again and will always appear
|
|
/// already immutably borrowed. It is not a good idea to leak more than a constant number of
|
|
/// references. The `RefCell` can be immutably borrowed again if only a smaller number of leaks
|
|
/// have occurred in total.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is an associated function that needs to be used as
|
|
/// `Ref::leak(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of the
|
|
/// same name on the contents of a `RefCell` used through `Deref`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// #![feature(cell_leak)]
|
|
/// use std::cell::{RefCell, Ref};
|
|
/// let cell = RefCell::new(0);
|
|
///
|
|
/// let value = Ref::leak(cell.borrow());
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*value, 0);
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert!(cell.try_borrow().is_ok());
|
|
/// assert!(cell.try_borrow_mut().is_err());
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "cell_leak", issue = "69099")]
|
|
pub fn leak(orig: Ref<'b, T>) -> &'b T {
|
|
// By forgetting this Ref we ensure that the borrow counter in the RefCell can't go back to
|
|
// UNUSED within the lifetime `'b`. Resetting the reference tracking state would require a
|
|
// unique reference to the borrowed RefCell. No further mutable references can be created
|
|
// from the original cell.
|
|
mem::forget(orig.borrow);
|
|
orig.value
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "coerce_unsized", issue = "27732")]
|
|
impl<'b, T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<Ref<'b, U>> for Ref<'b, T> {}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "std_guard_impls", since = "1.20.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized + fmt::Display> fmt::Display for Ref<'_, T> {
|
|
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
|
|
self.value.fmt(f)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'b, T: ?Sized> RefMut<'b, T> {
|
|
/// Makes a new `RefMut` for a component of the borrowed data, e.g., an enum
|
|
/// variant.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The `RefCell` is already mutably borrowed, so this cannot fail.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is an associated function that needs to be used as
|
|
/// `RefMut::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of the same
|
|
/// name on the contents of a `RefCell` used through `Deref`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
|
|
///
|
|
/// let c = RefCell::new((5, 'b'));
|
|
/// {
|
|
/// let b1: RefMut<(u32, char)> = c.borrow_mut();
|
|
/// let mut b2: RefMut<u32> = RefMut::map(b1, |t| &mut t.0);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*b2, 5);
|
|
/// *b2 = 42;
|
|
/// }
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*c.borrow(), (42, 'b'));
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_map", since = "1.8.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn map<U: ?Sized, F>(orig: RefMut<'b, T>, f: F) -> RefMut<'b, U>
|
|
where
|
|
F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> &mut U,
|
|
{
|
|
// FIXME(nll-rfc#40): fix borrow-check
|
|
let RefMut { value, borrow } = orig;
|
|
RefMut { value: f(value), borrow }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Splits a `RefMut` into multiple `RefMut`s for different components of the
|
|
/// borrowed data.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The underlying `RefCell` will remain mutably borrowed until both
|
|
/// returned `RefMut`s go out of scope.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The `RefCell` is already mutably borrowed, so this cannot fail.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is an associated function that needs to be used as
|
|
/// `RefMut::map_split(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of the
|
|
/// same name on the contents of a `RefCell` used through `Deref`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
|
|
///
|
|
/// let cell = RefCell::new([1, 2, 3, 4]);
|
|
/// let borrow = cell.borrow_mut();
|
|
/// let (mut begin, mut end) = RefMut::map_split(borrow, |slice| slice.split_at_mut(2));
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*begin, [1, 2]);
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*end, [3, 4]);
|
|
/// begin.copy_from_slice(&[4, 3]);
|
|
/// end.copy_from_slice(&[2, 1]);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "refcell_map_split", since = "1.35.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn map_split<U: ?Sized, V: ?Sized, F>(
|
|
orig: RefMut<'b, T>,
|
|
f: F,
|
|
) -> (RefMut<'b, U>, RefMut<'b, V>)
|
|
where
|
|
F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> (&mut U, &mut V),
|
|
{
|
|
let (a, b) = f(orig.value);
|
|
let borrow = orig.borrow.clone();
|
|
(RefMut { value: a, borrow }, RefMut { value: b, borrow: orig.borrow })
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Convert into a mutable reference to the underlying data.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The underlying `RefCell` can not be borrowed from again and will always appear already
|
|
/// mutably borrowed, making the returned reference the only to the interior.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This is an associated function that needs to be used as
|
|
/// `RefMut::leak(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of the
|
|
/// same name on the contents of a `RefCell` used through `Deref`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// #![feature(cell_leak)]
|
|
/// use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
|
|
/// let cell = RefCell::new(0);
|
|
///
|
|
/// let value = RefMut::leak(cell.borrow_mut());
|
|
/// assert_eq!(*value, 0);
|
|
/// *value = 1;
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert!(cell.try_borrow_mut().is_err());
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "cell_leak", issue = "69099")]
|
|
pub fn leak(orig: RefMut<'b, T>) -> &'b mut T {
|
|
// By forgetting this BorrowRefMut we ensure that the borrow counter in the RefCell can't
|
|
// go back to UNUSED within the lifetime `'b`. Resetting the reference tracking state would
|
|
// require a unique reference to the borrowed RefCell. No further references can be created
|
|
// from the original cell within that lifetime, making the current borrow the only
|
|
// reference for the remaining lifetime.
|
|
mem::forget(orig.borrow);
|
|
orig.value
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
struct BorrowRefMut<'b> {
|
|
borrow: &'b Cell<BorrowFlag>,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl Drop for BorrowRefMut<'_> {
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn drop(&mut self) {
|
|
let borrow = self.borrow.get();
|
|
debug_assert!(is_writing(borrow));
|
|
self.borrow.set(borrow + 1);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'b> BorrowRefMut<'b> {
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn new(borrow: &'b Cell<BorrowFlag>) -> Option<BorrowRefMut<'b>> {
|
|
// NOTE: Unlike BorrowRefMut::clone, new is called to create the initial
|
|
// mutable reference, and so there must currently be no existing
|
|
// references. Thus, while clone increments the mutable refcount, here
|
|
// we explicitly only allow going from UNUSED to UNUSED - 1.
|
|
match borrow.get() {
|
|
UNUSED => {
|
|
borrow.set(UNUSED - 1);
|
|
Some(BorrowRefMut { borrow })
|
|
}
|
|
_ => None,
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Clones a `BorrowRefMut`.
|
|
//
|
|
// This is only valid if each `BorrowRefMut` is used to track a mutable
|
|
// reference to a distinct, nonoverlapping range of the original object.
|
|
// This isn't in a Clone impl so that code doesn't call this implicitly.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn clone(&self) -> BorrowRefMut<'b> {
|
|
let borrow = self.borrow.get();
|
|
debug_assert!(is_writing(borrow));
|
|
// Prevent the borrow counter from underflowing.
|
|
assert!(borrow != isize::MIN);
|
|
self.borrow.set(borrow - 1);
|
|
BorrowRefMut { borrow: self.borrow }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// A wrapper type for a mutably borrowed value from a `RefCell<T>`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// See the [module-level documentation](index.html) for more.
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
pub struct RefMut<'b, T: ?Sized + 'b> {
|
|
value: &'b mut T,
|
|
borrow: BorrowRefMut<'b>,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RefMut<'_, T> {
|
|
type Target = T;
|
|
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn deref(&self) -> &T {
|
|
self.value
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized> DerefMut for RefMut<'_, T> {
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
|
|
self.value
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "coerce_unsized", issue = "27732")]
|
|
impl<'b, T: ?Sized + Unsize<U>, U: ?Sized> CoerceUnsized<RefMut<'b, U>> for RefMut<'b, T> {}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "std_guard_impls", since = "1.20.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized + fmt::Display> fmt::Display for RefMut<'_, T> {
|
|
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
|
|
self.value.fmt(f)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// The core primitive for interior mutability in Rust.
|
|
///
|
|
/// `UnsafeCell<T>` is a type that wraps some `T` and indicates unsafe interior operations on the
|
|
/// wrapped type. Types with an `UnsafeCell<T>` field are considered to have an 'unsafe interior'.
|
|
/// The `UnsafeCell<T>` type is the only legal way to obtain aliasable data that is considered
|
|
/// mutable. In general, transmuting an `&T` type into an `&mut T` is considered undefined behavior.
|
|
///
|
|
/// If you have a reference `&SomeStruct`, then normally in Rust all fields of `SomeStruct` are
|
|
/// immutable. The compiler makes optimizations based on the knowledge that `&T` is not mutably
|
|
/// aliased or mutated, and that `&mut T` is unique. `UnsafeCell<T>` is the only core language
|
|
/// feature to work around the restriction that `&T` may not be mutated. All other types that
|
|
/// allow internal mutability, such as `Cell<T>` and `RefCell<T>`, use `UnsafeCell` to wrap their
|
|
/// internal data. There is *no* legal way to obtain aliasing `&mut`, not even with `UnsafeCell<T>`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The `UnsafeCell` API itself is technically very simple: it gives you a raw pointer `*mut T` to
|
|
/// its contents. It is up to _you_ as the abstraction designer to use that raw pointer correctly.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The precise Rust aliasing rules are somewhat in flux, but the main points are not contentious:
|
|
///
|
|
/// - If you create a safe reference with lifetime `'a` (either a `&T` or `&mut T`
|
|
/// reference) that is accessible by safe code (for example, because you returned it),
|
|
/// then you must not access the data in any way that contradicts that reference for the
|
|
/// remainder of `'a`. For example, this means that if you take the `*mut T` from an
|
|
/// `UnsafeCell<T>` and cast it to an `&T`, then the data in `T` must remain immutable
|
|
/// (modulo any `UnsafeCell` data found within `T`, of course) until that reference's
|
|
/// lifetime expires. Similarly, if you create a `&mut T` reference that is released to
|
|
/// safe code, then you must not access the data within the `UnsafeCell` until that
|
|
/// reference expires.
|
|
///
|
|
/// - At all times, you must avoid data races. If multiple threads have access to
|
|
/// the same `UnsafeCell`, then any writes must have a proper happens-before relation to all other
|
|
/// accesses (or use atomics).
|
|
///
|
|
/// To assist with proper design, the following scenarios are explicitly declared legal
|
|
/// for single-threaded code:
|
|
///
|
|
/// 1. A `&T` reference can be released to safe code and there it can co-exist with other `&T`
|
|
/// references, but not with a `&mut T`
|
|
///
|
|
/// 2. A `&mut T` reference may be released to safe code provided neither other `&mut T` nor `&T`
|
|
/// co-exist with it. A `&mut T` must always be unique.
|
|
///
|
|
/// Note that while mutating or mutably aliasing the contents of an `&UnsafeCell<T>` is
|
|
/// ok (provided you enforce the invariants some other way), it is still undefined behavior
|
|
/// to have multiple `&mut UnsafeCell<T>` aliases.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// # #[allow(dead_code)]
|
|
/// struct NotThreadSafe<T> {
|
|
/// value: UnsafeCell<T>,
|
|
/// }
|
|
///
|
|
/// unsafe impl<T> Sync for NotThreadSafe<T> {}
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[lang = "unsafe_cell"]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
#[repr(transparent)]
|
|
#[repr(no_niche)] // rust-lang/rust#68303.
|
|
pub struct UnsafeCell<T: ?Sized> {
|
|
value: T,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized> !Sync for UnsafeCell<T> {}
|
|
|
|
impl<T> UnsafeCell<T> {
|
|
/// Constructs a new instance of `UnsafeCell` which will wrap the specified
|
|
/// value.
|
|
///
|
|
/// All access to the inner value through methods is `unsafe`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let uc = UnsafeCell::new(5);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
#[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_unsafe_cell_new", since = "1.32.0")]
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub const fn new(value: T) -> UnsafeCell<T> {
|
|
UnsafeCell { value }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Unwraps the value.
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let uc = UnsafeCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// let five = uc.into_inner();
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
|
|
self.value
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<T: ?Sized> UnsafeCell<T> {
|
|
/// Gets a mutable pointer to the wrapped value.
|
|
///
|
|
/// This can be cast to a pointer of any kind.
|
|
/// Ensure that the access is unique (no active references, mutable or not)
|
|
/// when casting to `&mut T`, and ensure that there are no mutations
|
|
/// or mutable aliases going on when casting to `&T`
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let uc = UnsafeCell::new(5);
|
|
///
|
|
/// let five = uc.get();
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
|
|
#[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_unsafecell_get", since = "1.32.0")]
|
|
pub const fn get(&self) -> *mut T {
|
|
// We can just cast the pointer from `UnsafeCell<T>` to `T` because of
|
|
// #[repr(transparent)]. This exploits libstd's special status, there is
|
|
// no guarantee for user code that this will work in future versions of the compiler!
|
|
self as *const UnsafeCell<T> as *const T as *mut T
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Gets a mutable pointer to the wrapped value.
|
|
/// The difference to [`get`] is that this function accepts a raw pointer,
|
|
/// which is useful to avoid the creation of temporary references.
|
|
///
|
|
/// The result can be cast to a pointer of any kind.
|
|
/// Ensure that the access is unique (no active references, mutable or not)
|
|
/// when casting to `&mut T`, and ensure that there are no mutations
|
|
/// or mutable aliases going on when casting to `&T`.
|
|
///
|
|
/// [`get`]: #method.get
|
|
///
|
|
/// # Examples
|
|
///
|
|
/// Gradual initialization of an `UnsafeCell` requires `raw_get`, as
|
|
/// calling `get` would require creating a reference to uninitialized data:
|
|
///
|
|
/// ```
|
|
/// #![feature(unsafe_cell_raw_get)]
|
|
/// use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
|
|
/// use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let m = MaybeUninit::<UnsafeCell<i32>>::uninit();
|
|
/// unsafe { UnsafeCell::raw_get(m.as_ptr()).write(5); }
|
|
/// let uc = unsafe { m.assume_init() };
|
|
///
|
|
/// assert_eq!(uc.into_inner(), 5);
|
|
/// ```
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "unsafe_cell_raw_get", issue = "66358")]
|
|
pub const fn raw_get(this: *const Self) -> *mut T {
|
|
// We can just cast the pointer from `UnsafeCell<T>` to `T` because of
|
|
// #[repr(transparent)]. This exploits libstd's special status, there is
|
|
// no guarantee for user code that this will work in future versions of the compiler!
|
|
this as *const T as *mut T
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "unsafe_cell_default", since = "1.10.0")]
|
|
impl<T: Default> Default for UnsafeCell<T> {
|
|
/// Creates an `UnsafeCell`, with the `Default` value for T.
|
|
fn default() -> UnsafeCell<T> {
|
|
UnsafeCell::new(Default::default())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[stable(feature = "cell_from", since = "1.12.0")]
|
|
impl<T> From<T> for UnsafeCell<T> {
|
|
fn from(t: T) -> UnsafeCell<T> {
|
|
UnsafeCell::new(t)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[unstable(feature = "coerce_unsized", issue = "27732")]
|
|
impl<T: CoerceUnsized<U>, U> CoerceUnsized<UnsafeCell<U>> for UnsafeCell<T> {}
|
|
|
|
#[allow(unused)]
|
|
fn assert_coerce_unsized(a: UnsafeCell<&i32>, b: Cell<&i32>, c: RefCell<&i32>) {
|
|
let _: UnsafeCell<&dyn Send> = a;
|
|
let _: Cell<&dyn Send> = b;
|
|
let _: RefCell<&dyn Send> = c;
|
|
}
|