Gate and validate `#[rustc_safe_intrinsic]`
Copied over from #116159:
> This was added as ungated in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/100719/files#diff-09c366d3ad3ec9a42125253b610ca83cad6b156aa2a723f6c7e83eddef7b1e8fR502, probably because the author looked at the surrounding attributes, which are ungated because they are gated specially behind the staged_api feature.
>
> I don't think we need to crater this, the attribute is entirely useless without the intrinsics feature, which is already unstable..
r? ``@Nilstrieb``