This is a hack, but I don't think we can do much better as long as `derive` is running at the syntax expansion phase.
If the `custom_derive` feature gate is enabled, this works with user-defined traits and syntax extensions. Without the gate, you can't use e.g. `#[derive_Clone]` directly, so this does not change the stable language.
To make this effective, we now check gated attributes both before and after macro expansion. This uncovered a number of tests that were missing feature gates.
This PR also cleans up the deriving code somewhat, and forbids some previously-meaningless attribute syntax. For this reason it's technically a
[breaking-change]
r? @sfackler
668c647408