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Previously, rust's hashtable was totally unoptimized. It used an Option per key-value pair, and used very naive open allocation. The old hashtable had very high variance in lookup time. For an example, see the 'find_nonexisting' benchmark below. This is fixed by keys in 'lucky' spots with a low probe sequence length getting their good spots stolen by keys with long probe sequence lengths. This reduces hashtable probe length variance, while maintaining the same mean. Also, other optimization liberties were taken. Everything is as cache aware as possible, and this hashtable should perform extremely well for both large and small keys and values. Benchmarks: comprehensive_old_hashmap 378 ns/iter (+/- 8) comprehensive_new_hashmap 206 ns/iter (+/- 4) 1.8x faster old_hashmap_as_queue 238 ns/iter (+/- 8) new_hashmap_as_queue 119 ns/iter (+/- 2) 2x faster old_hashmap_insert 172 ns/iter (+/- 8) new_hashmap_insert 146 ns/iter (+/- 11) 1.17x faster old_hashmap_find_existing 50 ns/iter (+/- 12) new_hashmap_find_existing 35 ns/iter (+/- 6) 1.43x faster old_hashmap_find_notexisting 49 ns/iter (+/- 49) new_hashmap_find_notexisting 34 ns/iter (+/- 4) 1.44x faster Memory usage of old hashtable (64-bit assumed): aligned(8+sizeof(K)+sizeof(V))/0.75 + 6 words Memory usage of new hashtable: (aligned(sizeof(K)) + aligned(sizeof(V)) + 8)/0.9 + 6.5 words BUT accesses are much more cache friendly. In fact, if the probe sequence length is below 8, only two cache lines worth of hashes will be pulled into cache. This is unlike the old version which would have to stride over the stoerd keys and values, and would be more cache unfriendly the bigger the stored values got. And did you notice the higher load factor? We can now reasonably get a load factor of 0.9 with very good performance.
The Rust Programming Language
This is a compiler for Rust, including standard libraries, tools and documentation.
Quick Start
Windows
- Download and use the installer and MinGW.
- Read the tutorial.
- Enjoy!
Note: Windows users can read the detailed getting started notes on the wiki.
Linux / OS X
-
Make sure you have installed the dependencies:
g++4.4 orclang++3.xpython2.6 or later (but not 3.x)perl5.0 or later- GNU
make3.81 or later curl
-
Download and build Rust:
You can either download a tarball or build directly from the repo.
To build from the tarball do:
$ curl -O http://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-0.9.tar.gz $ tar -xzf rust-0.9.tar.gz $ cd rust-0.9Or to build from the repo do:
$ git clone https://github.com/mozilla/rust.git $ cd rustNow that you have Rust's source code, you can configure and build it:
$ ./configure $ make && make installNote: You may need to use
sudo make installif you do not normally have permission to modify the destination directory. The install locations can be adjusted by passing a--prefixargument toconfigure. Various other options are also supported, pass--helpfor more information on them.When complete,
make installwill place several programs into/usr/local/bin:rustc, the Rust compiler, andrustdoc, the API-documentation tool. system. -
Read the tutorial.
-
Enjoy!
Notes
Since the Rust compiler is written in Rust, it must be built by a precompiled "snapshot" version of itself (made in an earlier state of development). As such, source builds require a connection to the Internet, to fetch snapshots, and an OS that can execute the available snapshot binaries.
Snapshot binaries are currently built and tested on several platforms:
- Windows (7, 8, Server 2008 R2), x86 only
- Linux (2.6.18 or later, various distributions), x86 and x86-64
- OSX 10.7 (Lion) or greater, x86 and x86-64
You may find that other platforms work, but these are our officially supported build environments that are most likely to work.
Rust currently needs about 1.5 GiB of RAM to build without swapping; if it hits swap, it will take a very long time to build.
There is a lot more documentation in the wiki.
License
Rust is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the Apache License (Version 2.0), with portions covered by various BSD-like licenses.
See LICENSE-APACHE, LICENSE-MIT, and COPYRIGHT for details.