Make `Step` trait safe to implement
This PR makes a few modifications to the `Step` trait that I believe better position it for stabilization in the short term. In particular,
1. `unsafe trait TrustedStep` is introduced, indicating that the implementation of `Step` for a given type upholds all stated invariants (which have remained unchanged). This is gated behind a new `trusted_step` feature, as stabilization is realistically blocked on min_specialization.
2. The `Step` trait is internally specialized on the `TrustedStep` trait, which avoids a serious performance regression.
3. `TrustedLen` is implemented for `T: TrustedStep` as the latter's invariants subsume the former's.
4. The `Step` trait is no longer `unsafe`, as the invariants must not be relied upon by unsafe code (unless the type implements `TrustedStep`).
5. `TrustedStep` is implemented for all types that implement `Step` in the standard library and compiler.
6. The `step_trait_ext` feature is merged into the `step_trait` feature. I was unable to find any reasoning for the features being split; the `_unchecked` methods need not necessarily be stabilized at the same time, but I think it is useful to have them under the same feature flag.
All existing implementations of `Step` will be broken, as it is not possible to `unsafe impl` a safe trait. Given this trait only exists on nightly, I feel this breakage is acceptable. The blanket `impl<T: Step> TrustedLen for T` will likely cause some minor breakage, but this should be covered by the equivalent impl for `TrustedStep`.
Hopefully these changes are sufficient to place `Step` in decent position for stabilization, which would allow user-defined types to be used with `a..b` syntax.
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