More tests for non-exhaustive C-like enums in FFI
Add a few more tests for the `improper_ctypes` lint as found with the [varnish-rs](https://github.com/gquintard/varnish-rs) project.
This follows up on #116831, fixed in #116863 by ``@workingjubilee`` - I have been seeing these fail with the bindgen-generated non-exhaustive enums inside other structs. Seems the issue does not exist in the primary branch, so this PR just makes sure more cases are covered for the future.
