Implement SSA-based reference propagation
Rust has a tendency to create a lot of short-lived borrows, in particular for method calls. This PR aims to remove those short-lived borrows with a const-propagation dedicated to pointers to local places.
This pass aims to transform the following pattern:
```
_1 = &raw? mut? PLACE;
_3 = *_1;
_4 = &raw? mut? *_1;
```
Into
```
_1 = &raw? mut? PLACE;
_3 = PLACE;
_4 = &raw? mut? PLACE;
```
where `PLACE` is a direct or an indirect place expression.
By removing indirection, this pass should help both dest-prop and const-prop to handle more cases.
This optimization is distinct from const-prop and dataflow const-prop since the borrow-reborrow patterns needs to preserve borrowck invariants, especially the uniqueness property of mutable references.
The pointed-to places are computed using a SSA analysis. We suppose that removable borrows are typically temporaries from autoref, so they are by construction assigned only once, and a SSA analysis is enough to catch them. For each local, we store both where and how it is used, in order to efficiently compute the all-or-nothing property. Thanks to `Derefer`, we only have to track locals, not places in general.
---
There are 3 properties that need to be upheld for this transformation to be legal:
- place constness: `PLACE` must refer to the same memory wherever it appears;
- pointer liveness: we must not introduce dereferences of dangling pointers;
- `&mut` borrow uniqueness.
## Constness
If `PLACE` is an indirect projection, if its of the form `(*LOCAL).PROJECTIONS` where:
- `LOCAL` is SSA;
- all projections in `PROJECTIONS` are constant (no dereference and no indexing).
If `PLACE` is a direct projection of a local, we consider it as constant if:
- the local is always live, or it has a single `StorageLive` that dominates all uses;
- all projections are constant.
# Liveness
When performing a substitution, we must take care not to introduce uses of dangling locals.
Using a dangling borrow is UB. Therefore, we assume that for any use of `*x`, where `x` is a borrow, the pointed-to memory is live.
Limitations:
- occurrences of `*x` in an `&raw mut? *x` are accepted;
- raw pointers are allowed to be dangling.
In those 2 case, we do not substitute anything, to be on the safe side.
**Open question:** we do not differentiate borrows of ZST and non-ZST. The UB rules may be
different depending on the layout. Having a different treatment would effectively prevent this
pass from running on polymorphic MIR, which defeats the purpose of MIR opts.
## Uniqueness
For `&mut` borrows, we also need to preserve the uniqueness property:
we must avoid creating a state where we interleave uses of `*_1` and `_2`.
To do it, we only perform full substitution of mutable borrows:
we replace either all or none of the occurrences of `*_1`.
Some care has to be taken when `_1` is copied in other locals.
```
_1 = &raw? mut? _2;
_3 = *_1;
_4 = _1
_5 = *_4
```
In such cases, fully substituting `_1` means fully substituting all of the copies.
For immutable borrows, we do not need to preserve such uniqueness property,
so we perform all the possible substitutions without removing the `_1 = &_2` statement.
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