diagnostics: make paths to external items more visible
This PR changes the reported path for an external item so that it is visible from at least one local module (i.e. it does not use any inaccessible external modules) if possible. If the external item's crate was declared with an `extern crate`, the path is guarenteed to use the `extern crate`.
Fixes#23224, fixes#23355, fixes#26635, fixes#27165.
r? @nrc