rust/clippy_lints/src/format_args.rs
bors 3a68217f49 Auto merge of #106916 - lukas-code:overlapping-substs, r=estebank
Remove overlapping parts of multipart suggestions

This PR adds a debug assertion that the parts of a single substitution cannot overlap, fixes a overlapping substitution from the testsuite, and fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/106870.

Note that a single suggestion can still have multiple overlapping substitutions / possible edits, we just don't suggest overlapping replacements in a single edit anymore.

I've also included a fix for an unrelated bug where rustfix for `explicit_outlives_requirements` would produce multiple trailing commas for a where clause.
2023-01-28 10:00:56 +00:00

468 lines
16 KiB
Rust

use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint_and_sugg, span_lint_and_then};
use clippy_utils::is_diag_trait_item;
use clippy_utils::macros::FormatParamKind::{Implicit, Named, NamedInline, Numbered, Starred};
use clippy_utils::macros::{
is_assert_macro, is_format_macro, is_panic, root_macro_call, Count, FormatArg, FormatArgsExpn, FormatParam,
FormatParamUsage,
};
use clippy_utils::msrvs::{self, Msrv};
use clippy_utils::source::snippet_opt;
use clippy_utils::ty::{implements_trait, is_type_lang_item};
use if_chain::if_chain;
use itertools::Itertools;
use rustc_errors::{
Applicability,
SuggestionStyle::{CompletelyHidden, ShowCode},
};
use rustc_hir::{Expr, ExprKind, HirId, LangItem, QPath};
use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, Adjustment};
use rustc_middle::ty::Ty;
use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
use rustc_span::edition::Edition::Edition2021;
use rustc_span::{sym, ExpnData, ExpnKind, Span, Symbol};
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Detects `format!` within the arguments of another macro that does
/// formatting such as `format!` itself, `write!` or `println!`. Suggests
/// inlining the `format!` call.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// The recommended code is both shorter and avoids a temporary allocation.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// # use std::panic::Location;
/// println!("error: {}", format!("something failed at {}", Location::caller()));
/// ```
/// Use instead:
/// ```rust
/// # use std::panic::Location;
/// println!("error: something failed at {}", Location::caller());
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "1.58.0"]
pub FORMAT_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
perf,
"`format!` used in a macro that does formatting"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Checks for [`ToString::to_string`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/trait.ToString.html#tymethod.to_string)
/// applied to a type that implements [`Display`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/trait.Display.html)
/// in a macro that does formatting.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// Since the type implements `Display`, the use of `to_string` is
/// unnecessary.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// # use std::panic::Location;
/// println!("error: something failed at {}", Location::caller().to_string());
/// ```
/// Use instead:
/// ```rust
/// # use std::panic::Location;
/// println!("error: something failed at {}", Location::caller());
/// ```
#[clippy::version = "1.58.0"]
pub TO_STRING_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
perf,
"`to_string` applied to a type that implements `Display` in format args"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Detect when a variable is not inlined in a format string,
/// and suggests to inline it.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// Non-inlined code is slightly more difficult to read and understand,
/// as it requires arguments to be matched against the format string.
/// The inlined syntax, where allowed, is simpler.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// # let var = 42;
/// # let width = 1;
/// # let prec = 2;
/// format!("{}", var);
/// format!("{v:?}", v = var);
/// format!("{0} {0}", var);
/// format!("{0:1$}", var, width);
/// format!("{:.*}", prec, var);
/// ```
/// Use instead:
/// ```rust
/// # let var = 42;
/// # let width = 1;
/// # let prec = 2;
/// format!("{var}");
/// format!("{var:?}");
/// format!("{var} {var}");
/// format!("{var:width$}");
/// format!("{var:.prec$}");
/// ```
///
/// If allow-mixed-uninlined-format-args is set to false in clippy.toml,
/// the following code will also trigger the lint:
/// ```rust
/// # let var = 42;
/// format!("{} {}", var, 1+2);
/// ```
/// Use instead:
/// ```rust
/// # let var = 42;
/// format!("{var} {}", 1+2);
/// ```
///
/// ### Known Problems
///
/// If a format string contains a numbered argument that cannot be inlined
/// nothing will be suggested, e.g. `println!("{0}={1}", var, 1+2)`.
#[clippy::version = "1.66.0"]
pub UNINLINED_FORMAT_ARGS,
style,
"using non-inlined variables in `format!` calls"
}
declare_clippy_lint! {
/// ### What it does
/// Detects [formatting parameters] that have no effect on the output of
/// `format!()`, `println!()` or similar macros.
///
/// ### Why is this bad?
/// Shorter format specifiers are easier to read, it may also indicate that
/// an expected formatting operation such as adding padding isn't happening.
///
/// ### Example
/// ```rust
/// println!("{:.}", 1.0);
///
/// println!("not padded: {:5}", format_args!("..."));
/// ```
/// Use instead:
/// ```rust
/// println!("{}", 1.0);
///
/// println!("not padded: {}", format_args!("..."));
/// // OR
/// println!("padded: {:5}", format!("..."));
/// ```
///
/// [formatting parameters]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#formatting-parameters
#[clippy::version = "1.66.0"]
pub UNUSED_FORMAT_SPECS,
complexity,
"use of a format specifier that has no effect"
}
impl_lint_pass!(FormatArgs => [
FORMAT_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
TO_STRING_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
UNINLINED_FORMAT_ARGS,
UNUSED_FORMAT_SPECS,
]);
pub struct FormatArgs {
msrv: Msrv,
ignore_mixed: bool,
}
impl FormatArgs {
#[must_use]
pub fn new(msrv: Msrv, allow_mixed_uninlined_format_args: bool) -> Self {
Self {
msrv,
ignore_mixed: allow_mixed_uninlined_format_args,
}
}
}
impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for FormatArgs {
fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>) {
if let Some(format_args) = FormatArgsExpn::parse(cx, expr)
&& let expr_expn_data = expr.span.ctxt().outer_expn_data()
&& let outermost_expn_data = outermost_expn_data(expr_expn_data)
&& let Some(macro_def_id) = outermost_expn_data.macro_def_id
&& is_format_macro(cx, macro_def_id)
&& let ExpnKind::Macro(_, name) = outermost_expn_data.kind
{
for arg in &format_args.args {
check_unused_format_specifier(cx, arg);
if !arg.format.is_default() {
continue;
}
if is_aliased(&format_args, arg.param.value.hir_id) {
continue;
}
check_format_in_format_args(cx, outermost_expn_data.call_site, name, arg.param.value);
check_to_string_in_format_args(cx, name, arg.param.value);
}
if self.msrv.meets(msrvs::FORMAT_ARGS_CAPTURE) {
check_uninlined_args(cx, &format_args, outermost_expn_data.call_site, macro_def_id, self.ignore_mixed);
}
}
}
extract_msrv_attr!(LateContext);
}
fn check_unused_format_specifier(cx: &LateContext<'_>, arg: &FormatArg<'_>) {
let param_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(arg.param.value).peel_refs();
if let Count::Implied(Some(mut span)) = arg.format.precision
&& !span.is_empty()
{
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
UNUSED_FORMAT_SPECS,
span,
"empty precision specifier has no effect",
|diag| {
if param_ty.is_floating_point() {
diag.note("a precision specifier is not required to format floats");
}
if arg.format.is_default() {
// If there's no other specifiers remove the `:` too
span = arg.format_span();
}
diag.span_suggestion_verbose(span, "remove the `.`", "", Applicability::MachineApplicable);
},
);
}
if is_type_lang_item(cx, param_ty, LangItem::FormatArguments) && !arg.format.is_default_for_trait() {
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
UNUSED_FORMAT_SPECS,
arg.span,
"format specifiers have no effect on `format_args!()`",
|diag| {
let mut suggest_format = |spec, span| {
let message = format!("for the {spec} to apply consider using `format!()`");
if let Some(mac_call) = root_macro_call(arg.param.value.span)
&& cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::format_args_macro, mac_call.def_id)
&& arg.span.eq_ctxt(mac_call.span)
{
diag.span_suggestion(
cx.sess().source_map().span_until_char(mac_call.span, '!'),
message,
"format",
Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
);
} else if let Some(span) = span {
diag.span_help(span, message);
}
};
if !arg.format.width.is_implied() {
suggest_format("width", arg.format.width.span());
}
if !arg.format.precision.is_implied() {
suggest_format("precision", arg.format.precision.span());
}
diag.span_suggestion_verbose(
arg.format_span(),
"if the current behavior is intentional, remove the format specifiers",
"",
Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
);
},
);
}
}
fn check_uninlined_args(
cx: &LateContext<'_>,
args: &FormatArgsExpn<'_>,
call_site: Span,
def_id: DefId,
ignore_mixed: bool,
) {
if args.format_string.span.from_expansion() {
return;
}
if call_site.edition() < Edition2021 && (is_panic(cx, def_id) || is_assert_macro(cx, def_id)) {
// panic!, assert!, and debug_assert! before 2021 edition considers a single string argument as
// non-format
return;
}
let mut fixes = Vec::new();
// If any of the arguments are referenced by an index number,
// and that argument is not a simple variable and cannot be inlined,
// we cannot remove any other arguments in the format string,
// because the index numbers might be wrong after inlining.
// Example of an un-inlinable format: print!("{}{1}", foo, 2)
if !args.params().all(|p| check_one_arg(args, &p, &mut fixes, ignore_mixed)) || fixes.is_empty() {
return;
}
// multiline span display suggestion is sometimes broken: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/102729#discussion_r988704308
// in those cases, make the code suggestion hidden
let multiline_fix = fixes.iter().any(|(span, _)| cx.sess().source_map().is_multiline(*span));
// Suggest removing each argument only once, for example in `format!("{0} {0}", arg)`.
fixes.sort_unstable_by_key(|(span, _)| *span);
fixes.dedup_by_key(|(span, _)| *span);
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
UNINLINED_FORMAT_ARGS,
call_site,
"variables can be used directly in the `format!` string",
|diag| {
diag.multipart_suggestion_with_style(
"change this to",
fixes,
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
if multiline_fix { CompletelyHidden } else { ShowCode },
);
},
);
}
fn check_one_arg(
args: &FormatArgsExpn<'_>,
param: &FormatParam<'_>,
fixes: &mut Vec<(Span, String)>,
ignore_mixed: bool,
) -> bool {
if matches!(param.kind, Implicit | Starred | Named(_) | Numbered)
&& let ExprKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(None, path)) = param.value.kind
&& let [segment] = path.segments
&& let Some(arg_span) = args.value_with_prev_comma_span(param.value.hir_id)
{
let replacement = match param.usage {
FormatParamUsage::Argument => segment.ident.name.to_string(),
FormatParamUsage::Width => format!("{}$", segment.ident.name),
FormatParamUsage::Precision => format!(".{}$", segment.ident.name),
};
fixes.push((param.span, replacement));
fixes.push((arg_span, String::new()));
true // successful inlining, continue checking
} else {
// Do not continue inlining (return false) in case
// * if we can't inline a numbered argument, e.g. `print!("{0} ...", foo.bar, ...)`
// * if allow_mixed_uninlined_format_args is false and this arg hasn't been inlined already
param.kind != Numbered && (!ignore_mixed || matches!(param.kind, NamedInline(_)))
}
}
fn outermost_expn_data(expn_data: ExpnData) -> ExpnData {
if expn_data.call_site.from_expansion() {
outermost_expn_data(expn_data.call_site.ctxt().outer_expn_data())
} else {
expn_data
}
}
fn check_format_in_format_args(
cx: &LateContext<'_>,
call_site: Span,
name: Symbol,
arg: &Expr<'_>,
) {
let expn_data = arg.span.ctxt().outer_expn_data();
if expn_data.call_site.from_expansion() {
return;
}
let Some(mac_id) = expn_data.macro_def_id else { return };
if !cx.tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::format_macro, mac_id) {
return;
}
span_lint_and_then(
cx,
FORMAT_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
call_site,
&format!("`format!` in `{name}!` args"),
|diag| {
diag.help(format!(
"combine the `format!(..)` arguments with the outer `{name}!(..)` call"
));
diag.help("or consider changing `format!` to `format_args!`");
},
);
}
fn check_to_string_in_format_args(cx: &LateContext<'_>, name: Symbol, value: &Expr<'_>) {
if_chain! {
if !value.span.from_expansion();
if let ExprKind::MethodCall(_, receiver, [], to_string_span) = value.kind;
if let Some(method_def_id) = cx.typeck_results().type_dependent_def_id(value.hir_id);
if is_diag_trait_item(cx, method_def_id, sym::ToString);
let receiver_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(receiver);
if let Some(display_trait_id) = cx.tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::Display);
let (n_needed_derefs, target) =
count_needed_derefs(receiver_ty, cx.typeck_results().expr_adjustments(receiver).iter());
if implements_trait(cx, target, display_trait_id, &[]);
if let Some(sized_trait_id) = cx.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait();
if let Some(receiver_snippet) = snippet_opt(cx, receiver.span);
then {
let needs_ref = !implements_trait(cx, receiver_ty, sized_trait_id, &[]);
if n_needed_derefs == 0 && !needs_ref {
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
TO_STRING_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
to_string_span.with_lo(receiver.span.hi()),
&format!(
"`to_string` applied to a type that implements `Display` in `{name}!` args"
),
"remove this",
String::new(),
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
} else {
span_lint_and_sugg(
cx,
TO_STRING_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
value.span,
&format!(
"`to_string` applied to a type that implements `Display` in `{name}!` args"
),
"use this",
format!(
"{}{:*>n_needed_derefs$}{receiver_snippet}",
if needs_ref { "&" } else { "" },
""
),
Applicability::MachineApplicable,
);
}
}
}
}
/// Returns true if `hir_id` is referred to by multiple format params
fn is_aliased(args: &FormatArgsExpn<'_>, hir_id: HirId) -> bool {
args.params().filter(|param| param.value.hir_id == hir_id).at_most_one().is_err()
}
fn count_needed_derefs<'tcx, I>(mut ty: Ty<'tcx>, mut iter: I) -> (usize, Ty<'tcx>)
where
I: Iterator<Item = &'tcx Adjustment<'tcx>>,
{
let mut n_total = 0;
let mut n_needed = 0;
loop {
if let Some(Adjustment { kind: Adjust::Deref(overloaded_deref), target }) = iter.next() {
n_total += 1;
if overloaded_deref.is_some() {
n_needed = n_total;
}
ty = *target;
} else {
return (n_needed, ty);
}
}
}