[NLL] Be more permissive when checking access due to Match
Partially addresses #53114. notably, we should now have parity with AST borrowck. Matching on uninitialized values is still forbidden.
* ~~Give fake borrows for match their own `BorrowKind`~~
* ~~Allow borrows with this kind to happen on values that are already mutably borrowed.~~
* ~~Track borrows with this type even behind shared reference dereferences and consider all accesses to be deep when checking for conflicts with this borrow type. See [src/test/ui/issues/issue-27282-mutate-before-diverging-arm-3.rs](cb5c989598 (diff-a2126cd3263a1f5342e2ecd5e699fbc6)) for an example soundness issue this fixes (a case of #27282 that wasn't handled correctly).~~
* Create a new `BorrowKind`: `Shallow` (name can be bike-shed)
* `Shallow` borrows differ from shared borrows in that
* When we check for access we treat them as a `Shallow(Some(_))` read
* When we check for conflicts with them, if the borrow place is a strict prefix of the access place then we don't consider that a conflict.
* For example, a `Shallow` borrow of `x` does not conflict with any access or borrow of `x.0` or `*x`
* Remove the current fake borrow in matches.
* When building matches, we take a `Shallow` borrow of any `Place` that we switch on or bind in a match, and any prefix of those places. (There are some optimizations where we do fewer borrows, but this shouldn't change semantics)
* `match x { &Some(1) => (), _ => (), }` would `Shallow` borrow `x`, `*x` and `(*x as Some).0` (the `*x` borrow is unnecessary, but I'm not sure how easy it would be to remove.)
* Replace the fake discriminant read with a `ReadForMatch`.
* Change ReadForMatch to only check for initializedness (to prevent `let x: !; match x {}`), but not conflicting borrows. It is still considered a use for liveness and `unsafe` checking.
* Give special cased error messages for this kind of borrow.
Table from the above issue after this PR
| Thing | AST | MIR | Want | Example |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |---|
| `let _ = <unsafe-field>` | 💚 | 💚 | ❌ | [playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?gist=bb7843e42fa5318c1043d04bd72abfe4&version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2015) |
| `match <unsafe_field> { _ => () }` | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | [playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?gist=3e3af05fbf1fae28fab2aaf9412fb2ea&version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2015) |
| `let _ = <moved>` | 💚 | 💚 | 💚 | [playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?gist=91a6efde8288558e584aaeee0a50558b&version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2015) |
| `match <moved> { _ => () }` | ❌ | ❌ | 💚 | [playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?gist=804f8185040b2fe131f2c4a64b3048ca&version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2015) |
| `let _ = <borrowed>` | 💚 | 💚 | 💚 | [playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?gist=0e487c2893b89cb772ec2f2b7c5da876&version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2015) |
| `match <borrowed> { _ => () }` | 💚 | 💚 | 💚 | [playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?gist=0e487c2893b89cb772ec2f2b7c5da876&version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2015) |
r? @nikomatsakis
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