Give a more useful location for where a span_bug was delayed
Before:
```
= note: delayed at 0: <rustc_errors::HandlerInner>::emit_diagnostic
at ./compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs:1335:29
1: <rustc_errors::Handler>::emit_diagnostic
at ./compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs:1124:9
...
```
After:
```
= note: delayed at compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs:2158:28
0: <rustc_errors::HandlerInner>::emit_diagnostic
at ./compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs:1335:29
1: <rustc_errors::Handler>::emit_diagnostic
at ./compiler/rustc_errors/src/lib.rs:1124:9
...
```
This both makes the relevant frame easier to find without having to dig through diagnostic internals, and avoids the weird-looking formatting for the first frame.
Found while working on https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/111529.
35bef062c7