rust/src/libstd/option.rs
2013-05-24 01:16:15 -04:00

460 lines
12 KiB
Rust

// Copyright 2012-2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
/*!
Operations on the ubiquitous `Option` type.
Type `Option` represents an optional value.
Every `Option<T>` value can either be `Some(T)` or `None`. Where in other
languages you might use a nullable type, in Rust you would use an option
type.
Options are most commonly used with pattern matching to query the presence
of a value and take action, always accounting for the `None` case.
# Example
~~~
let msg = Some(~"howdy");
// Take a reference to the contained string
match msg {
Some(ref m) => io::println(m),
None => ()
}
// Remove the contained string, destroying the Option
let unwrapped_msg = match msg {
Some(m) => m,
None => ~"default message"
};
~~~
*/
use cmp::{Eq,Ord};
use ops::Add;
use kinds::Copy;
use util;
use num::Zero;
use old_iter::{BaseIter, MutableIter, ExtendedIter};
use old_iter;
use str::StrSlice;
use clone::DeepClone;
#[cfg(test)] use str;
/// The option type
#[deriving(Clone, DeepClone, Eq)]
pub enum Option<T> {
None,
Some(T),
}
impl<T:Ord> Ord for Option<T> {
fn lt(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool {
match (self, other) {
(&None, &None) => false,
(&None, &Some(_)) => true,
(&Some(_), &None) => false,
(&Some(ref a), &Some(ref b)) => *a < *b
}
}
fn le(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool {
match (self, other) {
(&None, &None) => true,
(&None, &Some(_)) => true,
(&Some(_), &None) => false,
(&Some(ref a), &Some(ref b)) => *a <= *b
}
}
fn ge(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool {
!(self < other)
}
fn gt(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> bool {
!(self <= other)
}
}
impl<T: Copy + Add<T,T>> Add<Option<T>, Option<T>> for Option<T> {
#[inline(always)]
fn add(&self, other: &Option<T>) -> Option<T> {
match (*self, *other) {
(None, None) => None,
(_, None) => *self,
(None, _) => *other,
(Some(ref lhs), Some(ref rhs)) => Some(*lhs + *rhs)
}
}
}
impl<T> BaseIter<T> for Option<T> {
/// Performs an operation on the contained value by reference
#[inline(always)]
fn each<'a>(&'a self, f: &fn(x: &'a T) -> bool) -> bool {
match *self { None => true, Some(ref t) => { f(t) } }
}
#[inline(always)]
fn size_hint(&self) -> Option<uint> {
if self.is_some() { Some(1) } else { Some(0) }
}
}
impl<T> MutableIter<T> for Option<T> {
#[inline(always)]
fn each_mut<'a>(&'a mut self, f: &fn(&'a mut T) -> bool) -> bool {
match *self { None => true, Some(ref mut t) => { f(t) } }
}
}
impl<A> ExtendedIter<A> for Option<A> {
pub fn eachi(&self, blk: &fn(uint, v: &A) -> bool) -> bool {
old_iter::eachi(self, blk)
}
pub fn all(&self, blk: &fn(&A) -> bool) -> bool {
old_iter::all(self, blk)
}
pub fn any(&self, blk: &fn(&A) -> bool) -> bool {
old_iter::any(self, blk)
}
pub fn foldl<B>(&self, b0: B, blk: &fn(&B, &A) -> B) -> B {
old_iter::foldl(self, b0, blk)
}
pub fn position(&self, f: &fn(&A) -> bool) -> Option<uint> {
old_iter::position(self, f)
}
fn map_to_vec<B>(&self, op: &fn(&A) -> B) -> ~[B] {
old_iter::map_to_vec(self, op)
}
fn flat_map_to_vec<B,IB:BaseIter<B>>(&self, op: &fn(&A) -> IB)
-> ~[B] {
old_iter::flat_map_to_vec(self, op)
}
}
pub impl<T> Option<T> {
/// Returns true if the option equals `none`
fn is_none(&const self) -> bool {
match *self { None => true, Some(_) => false }
}
/// Returns true if the option contains some value
#[inline(always)]
fn is_some(&const self) -> bool { !self.is_none() }
/// Update an optional value by optionally running its content through a
/// function that returns an option.
#[inline(always)]
fn chain<U>(self, f: &fn(t: T) -> Option<U>) -> Option<U> {
match self {
Some(t) => f(t),
None => None
}
}
/// Returns the leftmost Some() value, or None if both are None.
#[inline(always)]
fn or(self, optb: Option<T>) -> Option<T> {
match self {
Some(opta) => Some(opta),
_ => optb
}
}
/// Update an optional value by optionally running its content by reference
/// through a function that returns an option.
#[inline(always)]
fn chain_ref<'a, U>(&'a self, f: &fn(x: &'a T) -> Option<U>) -> Option<U> {
match *self { Some(ref x) => f(x), None => None }
}
/// Maps a `some` value from one type to another by reference
#[inline(always)]
fn map<'a, U>(&self, f: &fn(&'a T) -> U) -> Option<U> {
match *self { Some(ref x) => Some(f(x)), None => None }
}
/// As `map`, but consumes the option and gives `f` ownership to avoid
/// copying.
#[inline(always)]
fn map_consume<U>(self, f: &fn(v: T) -> U) -> Option<U> {
match self { None => None, Some(v) => Some(f(v)) }
}
/// Applies a function to the contained value or returns a default
#[inline(always)]
fn map_default<'a, U>(&'a self, def: U, f: &fn(&'a T) -> U) -> U {
match *self { None => def, Some(ref t) => f(t) }
}
/// As `map_default`, but consumes the option and gives `f`
/// ownership to avoid copying.
#[inline(always)]
fn map_consume_default<U>(self, def: U, f: &fn(v: T) -> U) -> U {
match self { None => def, Some(v) => f(v) }
}
/// Apply a function to the contained value or do nothing
fn mutate(&mut self, f: &fn(T) -> T) {
if self.is_some() {
*self = Some(f(self.swap_unwrap()));
}
}
/// Apply a function to the contained value or set it to a default
fn mutate_default(&mut self, def: T, f: &fn(T) -> T) {
if self.is_some() {
*self = Some(f(self.swap_unwrap()));
} else {
*self = Some(def);
}
}
/**
Gets an immutable reference to the value inside an option.
# Failure
Fails if the value equals `None`
# Safety note
In general, because this function may fail, its use is discouraged
(calling `get` on `None` is akin to dereferencing a null pointer).
Instead, prefer to use pattern matching and handle the `None`
case explicitly.
*/
#[inline(always)]
fn get_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a T {
match *self {
Some(ref x) => x,
None => fail!("option::get_ref none")
}
}
/**
Gets a mutable reference to the value inside an option.
# Failure
Fails if the value equals `None`
# Safety note
In general, because this function may fail, its use is discouraged
(calling `get` on `None` is akin to dereferencing a null pointer).
Instead, prefer to use pattern matching and handle the `None`
case explicitly.
*/
#[inline(always)]
fn get_mut_ref<'a>(&'a mut self) -> &'a mut T {
match *self {
Some(ref mut x) => x,
None => fail!("option::get_mut_ref none")
}
}
#[inline(always)]
fn unwrap(self) -> T {
/*!
Moves a value out of an option type and returns it.
Useful primarily for getting strings, vectors and unique pointers out
of option types without copying them.
# Failure
Fails if the value equals `None`.
# Safety note
In general, because this function may fail, its use is discouraged.
Instead, prefer to use pattern matching and handle the `None`
case explicitly.
*/
match self {
Some(x) => x,
None => fail!("option::unwrap none")
}
}
/**
* The option dance. Moves a value out of an option type and returns it,
* replacing the original with `None`.
*
* # Failure
*
* Fails if the value equals `None`.
*/
#[inline(always)]
fn swap_unwrap(&mut self) -> T {
if self.is_none() { fail!("option::swap_unwrap none") }
util::replace(self, None).unwrap()
}
/**
* Gets the value out of an option, printing a specified message on
* failure
*
* # Failure
*
* Fails if the value equals `none`
*/
#[inline(always)]
fn expect(self, reason: &str) -> T {
match self {
Some(val) => val,
None => fail!(reason.to_owned()),
}
}
}
pub impl<T:Copy> Option<T> {
/**
Gets the value out of an option
# Failure
Fails if the value equals `None`
# Safety note
In general, because this function may fail, its use is discouraged
(calling `get` on `None` is akin to dereferencing a null pointer).
Instead, prefer to use pattern matching and handle the `None`
case explicitly.
*/
#[inline(always)]
fn get(self) -> T {
match self {
Some(copy x) => return x,
None => fail!("option::get none")
}
}
/// Returns the contained value or a default
#[inline(always)]
fn get_or_default(self, def: T) -> T {
match self { Some(copy x) => x, None => def }
}
/// Applies a function zero or more times until the result is none.
#[inline(always)]
fn while_some(self, blk: &fn(v: T) -> Option<T>) {
let mut opt = self;
while opt.is_some() {
opt = blk(opt.unwrap());
}
}
}
pub impl<T:Copy + Zero> Option<T> {
/// Returns the contained value or zero (for this type)
#[inline(always)]
fn get_or_zero(self) -> T {
match self { Some(copy x) => x, None => Zero::zero() }
}
}
#[test]
fn test_unwrap_ptr() {
unsafe {
let x = ~0;
let addr_x: *int = ::cast::transmute(&*x);
let opt = Some(x);
let y = opt.unwrap();
let addr_y: *int = ::cast::transmute(&*y);
assert_eq!(addr_x, addr_y);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_unwrap_str() {
let x = ~"test";
let addr_x = str::as_buf(x, |buf, _len| buf);
let opt = Some(x);
let y = opt.unwrap();
let addr_y = str::as_buf(y, |buf, _len| buf);
assert_eq!(addr_x, addr_y);
}
#[test]
fn test_unwrap_resource() {
struct R {
i: @mut int,
}
#[unsafe_destructor]
impl ::ops::Drop for R {
fn finalize(&self) { *(self.i) += 1; }
}
fn R(i: @mut int) -> R {
R {
i: i
}
}
let i = @mut 0;
{
let x = R(i);
let opt = Some(x);
let _y = opt.unwrap();
}
assert_eq!(*i, 1);
}
#[test]
fn test_option_dance() {
let x = Some(());
let mut y = Some(5);
let mut y2 = 0;
for x.each |_x| {
y2 = y.swap_unwrap();
}
assert_eq!(y2, 5);
assert!(y.is_none());
}
#[test] #[should_fail] #[ignore(cfg(windows))]
fn test_option_too_much_dance() {
let mut y = Some(util::NonCopyable());
let _y2 = y.swap_unwrap();
let _y3 = y.swap_unwrap();
}
#[test]
fn test_option_while_some() {
let mut i = 0;
do Some(10).while_some |j| {
i += 1;
if (j > 0) {
Some(j-1)
} else {
None
}
}
assert_eq!(i, 11);
}
#[test]
fn test_get_or_zero() {
let some_stuff = Some(42);
assert_eq!(some_stuff.get_or_zero(), 42);
let no_stuff: Option<int> = None;
assert_eq!(no_stuff.get_or_zero(), 0);
}