Support 16-bit pointers as well as i/usize
I'm opening this pull request to get some feedback from the community.
Although Rust doesn't support any platforms with a native 16-bit pointer at the moment, the [AVR-Rust][ar] fork is working towards that goal. Keeping this forked logic up-to-date with the changes in master has been onerous so I'd like to merge these changes so that they get carried along when refactoring happens. I do not believe this should increase the maintenance burden.
This is based on the original work of Dylan McKay (@dylanmckay).
[ar]: https://github.com/avr-rust/rust