Move the extended lifetime resolution into typeck context
Related to #15023
This PR is based on the [idea](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/15023#issuecomment-1070931433) of #15023 by `@nikomatsakis.`
This PR specifically proposes to
- Delay the resolution of scopes of rvalues to a later stage, so that enough type information is available to refine those scopes based on relationships of lifetimes.
- Highlight relevant parts that would help future reviews on the next installments of works to fully implement a solution to RFC 66.
653463731a