Separate `private_intra_doc_links` and `broken_intra_doc_links` into separate lints
This is not ideal because it means `deny(broken_intra_doc_links)` will
no longer `deny(private_intra_doc_links)`. However, it can't be fixed
with a new lint group, because `broken` is already in the `rustdoc` lint
group; there would need to be a way to nest groups somehow.
This also removes the early `return` so that the link will be generated
even though it gives a warning.
r? @Manishearth
cc @ecstatic-morse (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/77242#issuecomment-699565095)