Replace const eval limit by a lint and add an exponential backoff warning
The lint triggers at the first power of 2 that comes after 1 million function calls or traversed back-edges (takes less than a second on usual programs). After the first emission, an unsilenceable warning is repeated at every following power of 2 terminators, causing it to get reported less and less the longer the evaluation runs.
cc `@rust-lang/wg-const-eval`
fixes#93481closes#67217