This works by adding a boolean flag, `continue_after_error`, to
`syntax::errors::Handler` that can be imperatively set to `true` or
`false` via a new `fn set_continue_after_error`.
The flag starts off true (since we generally try to recover from
compiler errors, and `Handler` is shared across all phases).
Then, during the `phase_1_parse_input`, we consult the setting of the
`-Z continue-parse-after-error` debug flag to determine whether we
should leave the flag set to `true` or should change it to `false`.
----
(We might consider adding a debugflag to do such aborts in other
places where we are currently attempting recovery, such as resolve,
but I think the parser is the really important case to handle in the
face of #31994 and the parser bugs of varying degrees that were
injected by parse error recovery.)
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