rust/src/data_race.rs
2022-05-22 20:24:08 -07:00

1472 lines
58 KiB
Rust

//! Implementation of a data-race detector using Lamport Timestamps / Vector-clocks
//! based on the Dynamic Race Detection for C++:
//! https://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~afd/homepages/papers/pdfs/2017/POPL.pdf
//! which does not report false-positives when fences are used, and gives better
//! accuracy in presence of read-modify-write operations.
//!
//! The implementation contains modifications to correctly model the changes to the memory model in C++20
//! regarding the weakening of release sequences: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0982r1.html.
//! Relaxed stores now unconditionally block all currently active release sequences and so per-thread tracking of release
//! sequences is not needed.
//!
//! The implementation also models races with memory allocation and deallocation via treating allocation and
//! deallocation as a type of write internally for detecting data-races.
//!
//! This does not explore weak memory orders and so can still miss data-races
//! but should not report false-positives
//!
//! Data-race definition from(https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/memory_model#Threads_and_data_races):
//! a data race occurs between two memory accesses if they are on different threads, at least one operation
//! is non-atomic, at least one operation is a write and neither access happens-before the other. Read the link
//! for full definition.
//!
//! This re-uses vector indexes for threads that are known to be unable to report data-races, this is valid
//! because it only re-uses vector indexes once all currently-active (not-terminated) threads have an internal
//! vector clock that happens-after the join operation of the candidate thread. Threads that have not been joined
//! on are not considered. Since the thread's vector clock will only increase and a data-race implies that
//! there is some index x where clock[x] > thread_clock, when this is true clock[candidate-idx] > thread_clock
//! can never hold and hence a data-race can never be reported in that vector index again.
//! This means that the thread-index can be safely re-used, starting on the next timestamp for the newly created
//! thread.
//!
//! The sequentially consistent ordering corresponds to the ordering that the threads
//! are currently scheduled, this means that the data-race detector has no additional
//! logic for sequentially consistent accesses at the moment since they are indistinguishable
//! from acquire/release operations. If weak memory orderings are explored then this
//! may need to change or be updated accordingly.
//!
//! Per the C++ spec for the memory model a sequentially consistent operation:
//! "A load operation with this memory order performs an acquire operation,
//! a store performs a release operation, and read-modify-write performs
//! both an acquire operation and a release operation, plus a single total
//! order exists in which all threads observe all modifications in the same
//! order (see Sequentially-consistent ordering below) "
//! So in the absence of weak memory effects a seq-cst load & a seq-cst store is identical
//! to an acquire load and a release store given the global sequentially consistent order
//! of the schedule.
//!
//! The timestamps used in the data-race detector assign each sequence of non-atomic operations
//! followed by a single atomic or concurrent operation a single timestamp.
//! Write, Read, Write, ThreadJoin will be represented by a single timestamp value on a thread.
//! This is because extra increment operations between the operations in the sequence are not
//! required for accurate reporting of data-race values.
//!
//! As per the paper a threads timestamp is only incremented after a release operation is performed
//! so some atomic operations that only perform acquires do not increment the timestamp. Due to shared
//! code some atomic operations may increment the timestamp when not necessary but this has no effect
//! on the data-race detection code.
//!
//! FIXME:
//! currently we have our own local copy of the currently active thread index and names, this is due
//! in part to the inability to access the current location of threads.active_thread inside the AllocExtra
//! read, write and deallocate functions and should be cleaned up in the future.
use std::{
cell::{Cell, Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
fmt::Debug,
mem,
};
use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
use rustc_index::vec::{Idx, IndexVec};
use rustc_middle::{mir, ty::layout::TyAndLayout};
use rustc_target::abi::Size;
use crate::*;
pub type AllocExtra = VClockAlloc;
/// Valid atomic read-write operations, alias of atomic::Ordering (not non-exhaustive).
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum AtomicRwOp {
Relaxed,
Acquire,
Release,
AcqRel,
SeqCst,
}
/// Valid atomic read operations, subset of atomic::Ordering.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum AtomicReadOp {
Relaxed,
Acquire,
SeqCst,
}
/// Valid atomic write operations, subset of atomic::Ordering.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum AtomicWriteOp {
Relaxed,
Release,
SeqCst,
}
/// Valid atomic fence operations, subset of atomic::Ordering.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum AtomicFenceOp {
Acquire,
Release,
AcqRel,
SeqCst,
}
/// The current set of vector clocks describing the state
/// of a thread, contains the happens-before clock and
/// additional metadata to model atomic fence operations.
#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
struct ThreadClockSet {
/// The increasing clock representing timestamps
/// that happen-before this thread.
clock: VClock,
/// The set of timestamps that will happen-before this
/// thread once it performs an acquire fence.
fence_acquire: VClock,
/// The last timestamp of happens-before relations that
/// have been released by this thread by a fence.
fence_release: VClock,
}
impl ThreadClockSet {
/// Apply the effects of a release fence to this
/// set of thread vector clocks.
#[inline]
fn apply_release_fence(&mut self) {
self.fence_release.clone_from(&self.clock);
}
/// Apply the effects of an acquire fence to this
/// set of thread vector clocks.
#[inline]
fn apply_acquire_fence(&mut self) {
self.clock.join(&self.fence_acquire);
}
/// Increment the happens-before clock at a
/// known index.
#[inline]
fn increment_clock(&mut self, index: VectorIdx) {
self.clock.increment_index(index);
}
/// Join the happens-before clock with that of
/// another thread, used to model thread join
/// operations.
fn join_with(&mut self, other: &ThreadClockSet) {
self.clock.join(&other.clock);
}
}
/// Error returned by finding a data race
/// should be elaborated upon.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
pub struct DataRace;
/// Externally stored memory cell clocks
/// explicitly to reduce memory usage for the
/// common case where no atomic operations
/// exists on the memory cell.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Debug)]
struct AtomicMemoryCellClocks {
/// The clock-vector of the timestamp of the last atomic
/// read operation performed by each thread.
/// This detects potential data-races between atomic read
/// and non-atomic write operations.
read_vector: VClock,
/// The clock-vector of the timestamp of the last atomic
/// write operation performed by each thread.
/// This detects potential data-races between atomic write
/// and non-atomic read or write operations.
write_vector: VClock,
/// Synchronization vector for acquire-release semantics
/// contains the vector of timestamps that will
/// happen-before a thread if an acquire-load is
/// performed on the data.
sync_vector: VClock,
}
/// Type of write operation: allocating memory
/// non-atomic writes and deallocating memory
/// are all treated as writes for the purpose
/// of the data-race detector.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
enum WriteType {
/// Allocate memory.
Allocate,
/// Standard unsynchronized write.
Write,
/// Deallocate memory.
/// Note that when memory is deallocated first, later non-atomic accesses
/// will be reported as use-after-free, not as data races.
/// (Same for `Allocate` above.)
Deallocate,
}
impl WriteType {
fn get_descriptor(self) -> &'static str {
match self {
WriteType::Allocate => "Allocate",
WriteType::Write => "Write",
WriteType::Deallocate => "Deallocate",
}
}
}
/// Memory Cell vector clock metadata
/// for data-race detection.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
struct MemoryCellClocks {
/// The vector-clock timestamp of the last write
/// corresponding to the writing threads timestamp.
write: VTimestamp,
/// The identifier of the vector index, corresponding to a thread
/// that performed the last write operation.
write_index: VectorIdx,
/// The type of operation that the write index represents,
/// either newly allocated memory, a non-atomic write or
/// a deallocation of memory.
write_type: WriteType,
/// The vector-clock of the timestamp of the last read operation
/// performed by a thread since the last write operation occurred.
/// It is reset to zero on each write operation.
read: VClock,
/// Atomic acquire & release sequence tracking clocks.
/// For non-atomic memory in the common case this
/// value is set to None.
atomic_ops: Option<Box<AtomicMemoryCellClocks>>,
}
impl MemoryCellClocks {
/// Create a new set of clocks representing memory allocated
/// at a given vector timestamp and index.
fn new(alloc: VTimestamp, alloc_index: VectorIdx) -> Self {
MemoryCellClocks {
read: VClock::default(),
write: alloc,
write_index: alloc_index,
write_type: WriteType::Allocate,
atomic_ops: None,
}
}
/// Load the internal atomic memory cells if they exist.
#[inline]
fn atomic(&self) -> Option<&AtomicMemoryCellClocks> {
match &self.atomic_ops {
Some(op) => Some(&*op),
None => None,
}
}
/// Load or create the internal atomic memory metadata
/// if it does not exist.
#[inline]
fn atomic_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AtomicMemoryCellClocks {
self.atomic_ops.get_or_insert_with(Default::default)
}
/// Update memory cell data-race tracking for atomic
/// load acquire semantics, is a no-op if this memory was
/// not used previously as atomic memory.
fn load_acquire(
&mut self,
clocks: &mut ThreadClockSet,
index: VectorIdx,
) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
self.atomic_read_detect(clocks, index)?;
if let Some(atomic) = self.atomic() {
clocks.clock.join(&atomic.sync_vector);
}
Ok(())
}
/// Update memory cell data-race tracking for atomic
/// load relaxed semantics, is a no-op if this memory was
/// not used previously as atomic memory.
fn load_relaxed(
&mut self,
clocks: &mut ThreadClockSet,
index: VectorIdx,
) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
self.atomic_read_detect(clocks, index)?;
if let Some(atomic) = self.atomic() {
clocks.fence_acquire.join(&atomic.sync_vector);
}
Ok(())
}
/// Update the memory cell data-race tracking for atomic
/// store release semantics.
fn store_release(&mut self, clocks: &ThreadClockSet, index: VectorIdx) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
self.atomic_write_detect(clocks, index)?;
let atomic = self.atomic_mut();
atomic.sync_vector.clone_from(&clocks.clock);
Ok(())
}
/// Update the memory cell data-race tracking for atomic
/// store relaxed semantics.
fn store_relaxed(&mut self, clocks: &ThreadClockSet, index: VectorIdx) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
self.atomic_write_detect(clocks, index)?;
// The handling of release sequences was changed in C++20 and so
// the code here is different to the paper since now all relaxed
// stores block release sequences. The exception for same-thread
// relaxed stores has been removed.
let atomic = self.atomic_mut();
atomic.sync_vector.clone_from(&clocks.fence_release);
Ok(())
}
/// Update the memory cell data-race tracking for atomic
/// store release semantics for RMW operations.
fn rmw_release(&mut self, clocks: &ThreadClockSet, index: VectorIdx) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
self.atomic_write_detect(clocks, index)?;
let atomic = self.atomic_mut();
atomic.sync_vector.join(&clocks.clock);
Ok(())
}
/// Update the memory cell data-race tracking for atomic
/// store relaxed semantics for RMW operations.
fn rmw_relaxed(&mut self, clocks: &ThreadClockSet, index: VectorIdx) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
self.atomic_write_detect(clocks, index)?;
let atomic = self.atomic_mut();
atomic.sync_vector.join(&clocks.fence_release);
Ok(())
}
/// Detect data-races with an atomic read, caused by a non-atomic write that does
/// not happen-before the atomic-read.
fn atomic_read_detect(
&mut self,
clocks: &ThreadClockSet,
index: VectorIdx,
) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
log::trace!("Atomic read with vectors: {:#?} :: {:#?}", self, clocks);
if self.write <= clocks.clock[self.write_index] {
let atomic = self.atomic_mut();
atomic.read_vector.set_at_index(&clocks.clock, index);
Ok(())
} else {
Err(DataRace)
}
}
/// Detect data-races with an atomic write, either with a non-atomic read or with
/// a non-atomic write.
fn atomic_write_detect(
&mut self,
clocks: &ThreadClockSet,
index: VectorIdx,
) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
log::trace!("Atomic write with vectors: {:#?} :: {:#?}", self, clocks);
if self.write <= clocks.clock[self.write_index] && self.read <= clocks.clock {
let atomic = self.atomic_mut();
atomic.write_vector.set_at_index(&clocks.clock, index);
Ok(())
} else {
Err(DataRace)
}
}
/// Detect races for non-atomic read operations at the current memory cell
/// returns true if a data-race is detected.
fn read_race_detect(
&mut self,
clocks: &ThreadClockSet,
index: VectorIdx,
) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
log::trace!("Unsynchronized read with vectors: {:#?} :: {:#?}", self, clocks);
if self.write <= clocks.clock[self.write_index] {
let race_free = if let Some(atomic) = self.atomic() {
atomic.write_vector <= clocks.clock
} else {
true
};
if race_free {
self.read.set_at_index(&clocks.clock, index);
Ok(())
} else {
Err(DataRace)
}
} else {
Err(DataRace)
}
}
/// Detect races for non-atomic write operations at the current memory cell
/// returns true if a data-race is detected.
fn write_race_detect(
&mut self,
clocks: &ThreadClockSet,
index: VectorIdx,
write_type: WriteType,
) -> Result<(), DataRace> {
log::trace!("Unsynchronized write with vectors: {:#?} :: {:#?}", self, clocks);
if self.write <= clocks.clock[self.write_index] && self.read <= clocks.clock {
let race_free = if let Some(atomic) = self.atomic() {
atomic.write_vector <= clocks.clock && atomic.read_vector <= clocks.clock
} else {
true
};
if race_free {
self.write = clocks.clock[index];
self.write_index = index;
self.write_type = write_type;
self.read.set_zero_vector();
Ok(())
} else {
Err(DataRace)
}
} else {
Err(DataRace)
}
}
}
/// Evaluation context extensions.
impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir> EvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx> for MiriEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx> {}
pub trait EvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir>: MiriEvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx> {
/// Temporarily allow data-races to occur. This should only be used in
/// one of these cases:
/// - One of the appropriate `validate_atomic` functions will be called to
/// to treat a memory access as atomic.
/// - The memory being accessed should be treated as internal state, that
/// cannot be accessed by the interpreted program.
/// - Execution of the interpreted program execution has halted.
#[inline]
fn allow_data_races_ref<R>(&self, op: impl FnOnce(&MiriEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx>) -> R) -> R {
let this = self.eval_context_ref();
let old = if let Some(data_race) = &this.machine.data_race {
data_race.multi_threaded.replace(false)
} else {
false
};
let result = op(this);
if let Some(data_race) = &this.machine.data_race {
data_race.multi_threaded.set(old);
}
result
}
/// Same as `allow_data_races_ref`, this temporarily disables any data-race detection and
/// so should only be used for atomic operations or internal state that the program cannot
/// access.
#[inline]
fn allow_data_races_mut<R>(
&mut self,
op: impl FnOnce(&mut MiriEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx>) -> R,
) -> R {
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
let old = if let Some(data_race) = &this.machine.data_race {
data_race.multi_threaded.replace(false)
} else {
false
};
let result = op(this);
if let Some(data_race) = &this.machine.data_race {
data_race.multi_threaded.set(old);
}
result
}
/// Atomic variant of read_scalar_at_offset.
fn read_scalar_at_offset_atomic(
&self,
op: &OpTy<'tcx, Tag>,
offset: u64,
layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
atomic: AtomicReadOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx, ScalarMaybeUninit<Tag>> {
let this = self.eval_context_ref();
let value_place = this.deref_operand_and_offset(op, offset, layout)?;
this.read_scalar_atomic(&value_place, atomic)
}
/// Atomic variant of write_scalar_at_offset.
fn write_scalar_at_offset_atomic(
&mut self,
op: &OpTy<'tcx, Tag>,
offset: u64,
value: impl Into<ScalarMaybeUninit<Tag>>,
layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
atomic: AtomicWriteOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
let value_place = this.deref_operand_and_offset(op, offset, layout)?;
this.write_scalar_atomic(value.into(), &value_place, atomic)
}
/// Perform an atomic read operation at the memory location.
fn read_scalar_atomic(
&self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
atomic: AtomicReadOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx, ScalarMaybeUninit<Tag>> {
let this = self.eval_context_ref();
let scalar = this.allow_data_races_ref(move |this| this.read_scalar(&place.into()))?;
this.validate_atomic_load(place, atomic)?;
Ok(scalar)
}
/// Perform an atomic write operation at the memory location.
fn write_scalar_atomic(
&mut self,
val: ScalarMaybeUninit<Tag>,
dest: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
atomic: AtomicWriteOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
this.allow_data_races_mut(move |this| this.write_scalar(val, &(*dest).into()))?;
this.validate_atomic_store(dest, atomic)
}
/// Perform an atomic operation on a memory location.
fn atomic_op_immediate(
&mut self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
rhs: &ImmTy<'tcx, Tag>,
op: mir::BinOp,
neg: bool,
atomic: AtomicRwOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx, ImmTy<'tcx, Tag>> {
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
let old = this.allow_data_races_mut(|this| this.read_immediate(&place.into()))?;
// Atomics wrap around on overflow.
let val = this.binary_op(op, &old, rhs)?;
let val = if neg { this.unary_op(mir::UnOp::Not, &val)? } else { val };
this.allow_data_races_mut(|this| this.write_immediate(*val, &(*place).into()))?;
this.validate_atomic_rmw(place, atomic)?;
Ok(old)
}
/// Perform an atomic exchange with a memory place and a new
/// scalar value, the old value is returned.
fn atomic_exchange_scalar(
&mut self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
new: ScalarMaybeUninit<Tag>,
atomic: AtomicRwOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx, ScalarMaybeUninit<Tag>> {
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
let old = this.allow_data_races_mut(|this| this.read_scalar(&place.into()))?;
this.allow_data_races_mut(|this| this.write_scalar(new, &(*place).into()))?;
this.validate_atomic_rmw(place, atomic)?;
Ok(old)
}
/// Perform an conditional atomic exchange with a memory place and a new
/// scalar value, the old value is returned.
fn atomic_min_max_scalar(
&mut self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
rhs: ImmTy<'tcx, Tag>,
min: bool,
atomic: AtomicRwOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx, ImmTy<'tcx, Tag>> {
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
let old = this.allow_data_races_mut(|this| this.read_immediate(&place.into()))?;
let lt = this.binary_op(mir::BinOp::Lt, &old, &rhs)?.to_scalar()?.to_bool()?;
let new_val = if min {
if lt { &old } else { &rhs }
} else {
if lt { &rhs } else { &old }
};
this.allow_data_races_mut(|this| this.write_immediate(**new_val, &(*place).into()))?;
this.validate_atomic_rmw(place, atomic)?;
// Return the old value.
Ok(old)
}
/// Perform an atomic compare and exchange at a given memory location.
/// On success an atomic RMW operation is performed and on failure
/// only an atomic read occurs. If `can_fail_spuriously` is true,
/// then we treat it as a "compare_exchange_weak" operation, and
/// some portion of the time fail even when the values are actually
/// identical.
fn atomic_compare_exchange_scalar(
&mut self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
expect_old: &ImmTy<'tcx, Tag>,
new: ScalarMaybeUninit<Tag>,
success: AtomicRwOp,
fail: AtomicReadOp,
can_fail_spuriously: bool,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Immediate<Tag>> {
use rand::Rng as _;
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
// Failure ordering cannot be stronger than success ordering, therefore first attempt
// to read with the failure ordering and if successful then try again with the success
// read ordering and write in the success case.
// Read as immediate for the sake of `binary_op()`
let old = this.allow_data_races_mut(|this| this.read_immediate(&(place.into())))?;
// `binary_op` will bail if either of them is not a scalar.
let eq = this.binary_op(mir::BinOp::Eq, &old, expect_old)?;
// If the operation would succeed, but is "weak", fail some portion
// of the time, based on `success_rate`.
let success_rate = 1.0 - this.machine.cmpxchg_weak_failure_rate;
let cmpxchg_success = eq.to_scalar()?.to_bool()?
&& if can_fail_spuriously {
this.machine.rng.get_mut().gen_bool(success_rate)
} else {
true
};
let res = Immediate::ScalarPair(
old.to_scalar_or_uninit(),
Scalar::from_bool(cmpxchg_success).into(),
);
// Update ptr depending on comparison.
// if successful, perform a full rw-atomic validation
// otherwise treat this as an atomic load with the fail ordering.
if cmpxchg_success {
this.allow_data_races_mut(|this| this.write_scalar(new, &(*place).into()))?;
this.validate_atomic_rmw(place, success)?;
} else {
this.validate_atomic_load(place, fail)?;
}
// Return the old value.
Ok(res)
}
/// Update the data-race detector for an atomic read occurring at the
/// associated memory-place and on the current thread.
fn validate_atomic_load(
&self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
atomic: AtomicReadOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
let this = self.eval_context_ref();
this.validate_atomic_op(
place,
atomic,
"Atomic Load",
move |memory, clocks, index, atomic| {
if atomic == AtomicReadOp::Relaxed {
memory.load_relaxed(&mut *clocks, index)
} else {
memory.load_acquire(&mut *clocks, index)
}
},
)
}
/// Update the data-race detector for an atomic write occurring at the
/// associated memory-place and on the current thread.
fn validate_atomic_store(
&mut self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
atomic: AtomicWriteOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
this.validate_atomic_op(
place,
atomic,
"Atomic Store",
move |memory, clocks, index, atomic| {
if atomic == AtomicWriteOp::Relaxed {
memory.store_relaxed(clocks, index)
} else {
memory.store_release(clocks, index)
}
},
)
}
/// Update the data-race detector for an atomic read-modify-write occurring
/// at the associated memory place and on the current thread.
fn validate_atomic_rmw(
&mut self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
atomic: AtomicRwOp,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
use AtomicRwOp::*;
let acquire = matches!(atomic, Acquire | AcqRel | SeqCst);
let release = matches!(atomic, Release | AcqRel | SeqCst);
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
this.validate_atomic_op(place, atomic, "Atomic RMW", move |memory, clocks, index, _| {
if acquire {
memory.load_acquire(clocks, index)?;
} else {
memory.load_relaxed(clocks, index)?;
}
if release {
memory.rmw_release(clocks, index)
} else {
memory.rmw_relaxed(clocks, index)
}
})
}
/// Update the data-race detector for an atomic fence on the current thread.
fn validate_atomic_fence(&mut self, atomic: AtomicFenceOp) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
let this = self.eval_context_mut();
if let Some(data_race) = &mut this.machine.data_race {
data_race.maybe_perform_sync_operation(move |index, mut clocks| {
log::trace!("Atomic fence on {:?} with ordering {:?}", index, atomic);
// Apply data-race detection for the current fences
// this treats AcqRel and SeqCst as the same as an acquire
// and release fence applied in the same timestamp.
if atomic != AtomicFenceOp::Release {
// Either Acquire | AcqRel | SeqCst
clocks.apply_acquire_fence();
}
if atomic != AtomicFenceOp::Acquire {
// Either Release | AcqRel | SeqCst
clocks.apply_release_fence();
}
// Increment timestamp in case of release semantics.
Ok(atomic != AtomicFenceOp::Acquire)
})
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
}
/// Vector clock metadata for a logical memory allocation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct VClockAlloc {
/// Assigning each byte a MemoryCellClocks.
alloc_ranges: RefCell<RangeMap<MemoryCellClocks>>,
}
impl VClockAlloc {
/// Create a new data-race detector for newly allocated memory.
pub fn new_allocation(
global: &GlobalState,
len: Size,
kind: MemoryKind<MiriMemoryKind>,
) -> VClockAlloc {
let (alloc_timestamp, alloc_index) = match kind {
// User allocated and stack memory should track allocation.
MemoryKind::Machine(
MiriMemoryKind::Rust | MiriMemoryKind::C | MiriMemoryKind::WinHeap,
)
| MemoryKind::Stack => {
let (alloc_index, clocks) = global.current_thread_state();
let alloc_timestamp = clocks.clock[alloc_index];
(alloc_timestamp, alloc_index)
}
// Other global memory should trace races but be allocated at the 0 timestamp.
MemoryKind::Machine(
MiriMemoryKind::Global
| MiriMemoryKind::Machine
| MiriMemoryKind::Runtime
| MiriMemoryKind::ExternStatic
| MiriMemoryKind::Tls,
)
| MemoryKind::CallerLocation => (0, VectorIdx::MAX_INDEX),
};
VClockAlloc {
alloc_ranges: RefCell::new(RangeMap::new(
len,
MemoryCellClocks::new(alloc_timestamp, alloc_index),
)),
}
}
// Find an index, if one exists where the value
// in `l` is greater than the value in `r`.
fn find_gt_index(l: &VClock, r: &VClock) -> Option<VectorIdx> {
log::trace!("Find index where not {:?} <= {:?}", l, r);
let l_slice = l.as_slice();
let r_slice = r.as_slice();
l_slice
.iter()
.zip(r_slice.iter())
.enumerate()
.find_map(|(idx, (&l, &r))| if l > r { Some(idx) } else { None })
.or_else(|| {
if l_slice.len() > r_slice.len() {
// By invariant, if l_slice is longer
// then one element must be larger.
// This just validates that this is true
// and reports earlier elements first.
let l_remainder_slice = &l_slice[r_slice.len()..];
let idx = l_remainder_slice
.iter()
.enumerate()
.find_map(|(idx, &r)| if r == 0 { None } else { Some(idx) })
.expect("Invalid VClock Invariant");
Some(idx + r_slice.len())
} else {
None
}
})
.map(VectorIdx::new)
}
/// Report a data-race found in the program.
/// This finds the two racing threads and the type
/// of data-race that occurred. This will also
/// return info about the memory location the data-race
/// occurred in.
#[cold]
#[inline(never)]
fn report_data_race<'tcx>(
global: &GlobalState,
range: &MemoryCellClocks,
action: &str,
is_atomic: bool,
ptr_dbg: Pointer<AllocId>,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
let (current_index, current_clocks) = global.current_thread_state();
let write_clock;
let (other_action, other_thread, other_clock) = if range.write
> current_clocks.clock[range.write_index]
{
// Convert the write action into the vector clock it
// represents for diagnostic purposes.
write_clock = VClock::new_with_index(range.write_index, range.write);
(range.write_type.get_descriptor(), range.write_index, &write_clock)
} else if let Some(idx) = Self::find_gt_index(&range.read, &current_clocks.clock) {
("Read", idx, &range.read)
} else if !is_atomic {
if let Some(atomic) = range.atomic() {
if let Some(idx) = Self::find_gt_index(&atomic.write_vector, &current_clocks.clock)
{
("Atomic Store", idx, &atomic.write_vector)
} else if let Some(idx) =
Self::find_gt_index(&atomic.read_vector, &current_clocks.clock)
{
("Atomic Load", idx, &atomic.read_vector)
} else {
unreachable!(
"Failed to report data-race for non-atomic operation: no race found"
)
}
} else {
unreachable!(
"Failed to report data-race for non-atomic operation: no atomic component"
)
}
} else {
unreachable!("Failed to report data-race for atomic operation")
};
// Load elaborated thread information about the racing thread actions.
let current_thread_info = global.print_thread_metadata(current_index);
let other_thread_info = global.print_thread_metadata(other_thread);
// Throw the data-race detection.
throw_ub_format!(
"Data race detected between {} on {} and {} on {} at {:?} (current vector clock = {:?}, conflicting timestamp = {:?})",
action,
current_thread_info,
other_action,
other_thread_info,
ptr_dbg,
current_clocks.clock,
other_clock
)
}
/// Detect data-races for an unsynchronized read operation, will not perform
/// data-race detection if `multi-threaded` is false, either due to no threads
/// being created or if it is temporarily disabled during a racy read or write
/// operation for which data-race detection is handled separately, for example
/// atomic read operations.
pub fn read<'tcx>(
&self,
alloc_id: AllocId,
range: AllocRange,
global: &GlobalState,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
if global.multi_threaded.get() {
let (index, clocks) = global.current_thread_state();
let mut alloc_ranges = self.alloc_ranges.borrow_mut();
for (offset, range) in alloc_ranges.iter_mut(range.start, range.size) {
if let Err(DataRace) = range.read_race_detect(&*clocks, index) {
// Report data-race.
return Self::report_data_race(
global,
range,
"Read",
false,
Pointer::new(alloc_id, offset),
);
}
}
Ok(())
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
// Shared code for detecting data-races on unique access to a section of memory
fn unique_access<'tcx>(
&mut self,
alloc_id: AllocId,
range: AllocRange,
write_type: WriteType,
global: &mut GlobalState,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
if global.multi_threaded.get() {
let (index, clocks) = global.current_thread_state();
for (offset, range) in self.alloc_ranges.get_mut().iter_mut(range.start, range.size) {
if let Err(DataRace) = range.write_race_detect(&*clocks, index, write_type) {
// Report data-race
return Self::report_data_race(
global,
range,
write_type.get_descriptor(),
false,
Pointer::new(alloc_id, offset),
);
}
}
Ok(())
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
/// Detect data-races for an unsynchronized write operation, will not perform
/// data-race threads if `multi-threaded` is false, either due to no threads
/// being created or if it is temporarily disabled during a racy read or write
/// operation
pub fn write<'tcx>(
&mut self,
alloc_id: AllocId,
range: AllocRange,
global: &mut GlobalState,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
self.unique_access(alloc_id, range, WriteType::Write, global)
}
/// Detect data-races for an unsynchronized deallocate operation, will not perform
/// data-race threads if `multi-threaded` is false, either due to no threads
/// being created or if it is temporarily disabled during a racy read or write
/// operation
pub fn deallocate<'tcx>(
&mut self,
alloc_id: AllocId,
range: AllocRange,
global: &mut GlobalState,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
self.unique_access(alloc_id, range, WriteType::Deallocate, global)
}
}
impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir> EvalContextPrivExt<'mir, 'tcx> for MiriEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx> {}
trait EvalContextPrivExt<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir>: MiriEvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx> {
/// Generic atomic operation implementation
fn validate_atomic_op<A: Debug + Copy>(
&self,
place: &MPlaceTy<'tcx, Tag>,
atomic: A,
description: &str,
mut op: impl FnMut(
&mut MemoryCellClocks,
&mut ThreadClockSet,
VectorIdx,
A,
) -> Result<(), DataRace>,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
let this = self.eval_context_ref();
if let Some(data_race) = &this.machine.data_race {
if data_race.multi_threaded.get() {
let size = place.layout.size;
let (alloc_id, base_offset, _tag) = this.ptr_get_alloc_id(place.ptr)?;
// Load and log the atomic operation.
// Note that atomic loads are possible even from read-only allocations, so `get_alloc_extra_mut` is not an option.
let alloc_meta = &this.get_alloc_extra(alloc_id)?.data_race.as_ref().unwrap();
log::trace!(
"Atomic op({}) with ordering {:?} on {:?} (size={})",
description,
&atomic,
place.ptr,
size.bytes()
);
// Perform the atomic operation.
data_race.maybe_perform_sync_operation(|index, mut clocks| {
for (offset, range) in
alloc_meta.alloc_ranges.borrow_mut().iter_mut(base_offset, size)
{
if let Err(DataRace) = op(range, &mut *clocks, index, atomic) {
mem::drop(clocks);
return VClockAlloc::report_data_race(
data_race,
range,
description,
true,
Pointer::new(alloc_id, offset),
)
.map(|_| true);
}
}
// This conservatively assumes all operations have release semantics
Ok(true)
})?;
// Log changes to atomic memory.
if log::log_enabled!(log::Level::Trace) {
for (_offset, range) in alloc_meta.alloc_ranges.borrow().iter(base_offset, size)
{
log::trace!(
"Updated atomic memory({:?}, size={}) to {:#?}",
place.ptr,
size.bytes(),
range.atomic_ops
);
}
}
}
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// Extra metadata associated with a thread.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
struct ThreadExtraState {
/// The current vector index in use by the
/// thread currently, this is set to None
/// after the vector index has been re-used
/// and hence the value will never need to be
/// read during data-race reporting.
vector_index: Option<VectorIdx>,
/// The name of the thread, updated for better
/// diagnostics when reporting detected data
/// races.
thread_name: Option<Box<str>>,
/// Thread termination vector clock, this
/// is set on thread termination and is used
/// for joining on threads since the vector_index
/// may be re-used when the join operation occurs.
termination_vector_clock: Option<VClock>,
}
/// Global data-race detection state, contains the currently
/// executing thread as well as the vector-clocks associated
/// with each of the threads.
// FIXME: it is probably better to have one large RefCell, than to have so many small ones.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct GlobalState {
/// Set to true once the first additional
/// thread has launched, due to the dependency
/// between before and after a thread launch.
/// Any data-races must be recorded after this
/// so concurrent execution can ignore recording
/// any data-races.
multi_threaded: Cell<bool>,
/// Mapping of a vector index to a known set of thread
/// clocks, this is not directly mapping from a thread id
/// since it may refer to multiple threads.
vector_clocks: RefCell<IndexVec<VectorIdx, ThreadClockSet>>,
/// Mapping of a given vector index to the current thread
/// that the execution is representing, this may change
/// if a vector index is re-assigned to a new thread.
vector_info: RefCell<IndexVec<VectorIdx, ThreadId>>,
/// The mapping of a given thread to associated thread metadata.
thread_info: RefCell<IndexVec<ThreadId, ThreadExtraState>>,
/// The current vector index being executed.
current_index: Cell<VectorIdx>,
/// Potential vector indices that could be re-used on thread creation
/// values are inserted here on after the thread has terminated and
/// been joined with, and hence may potentially become free
/// for use as the index for a new thread.
/// Elements in this set may still require the vector index to
/// report data-races, and can only be re-used after all
/// active vector-clocks catch up with the threads timestamp.
reuse_candidates: RefCell<FxHashSet<VectorIdx>>,
/// Counts the number of threads that are currently active
/// if the number of active threads reduces to 1 and then
/// a join operation occurs with the remaining main thread
/// then multi-threaded execution may be disabled.
active_thread_count: Cell<usize>,
/// This contains threads that have terminated, but not yet joined
/// and so cannot become re-use candidates until a join operation
/// occurs.
/// The associated vector index will be moved into re-use candidates
/// after the join operation occurs.
terminated_threads: RefCell<FxHashMap<ThreadId, VectorIdx>>,
}
impl GlobalState {
/// Create a new global state, setup with just thread-id=0
/// advanced to timestamp = 1.
pub fn new() -> Self {
let mut global_state = GlobalState {
multi_threaded: Cell::new(false),
vector_clocks: RefCell::new(IndexVec::new()),
vector_info: RefCell::new(IndexVec::new()),
thread_info: RefCell::new(IndexVec::new()),
current_index: Cell::new(VectorIdx::new(0)),
active_thread_count: Cell::new(1),
reuse_candidates: RefCell::new(FxHashSet::default()),
terminated_threads: RefCell::new(FxHashMap::default()),
};
// Setup the main-thread since it is not explicitly created:
// uses vector index and thread-id 0, also the rust runtime gives
// the main-thread a name of "main".
let index = global_state.vector_clocks.get_mut().push(ThreadClockSet::default());
global_state.vector_info.get_mut().push(ThreadId::new(0));
global_state.thread_info.get_mut().push(ThreadExtraState {
vector_index: Some(index),
thread_name: Some("main".to_string().into_boxed_str()),
termination_vector_clock: None,
});
global_state
}
// Try to find vector index values that can potentially be re-used
// by a new thread instead of a new vector index being created.
fn find_vector_index_reuse_candidate(&self) -> Option<VectorIdx> {
let mut reuse = self.reuse_candidates.borrow_mut();
let vector_clocks = self.vector_clocks.borrow();
let vector_info = self.vector_info.borrow();
let terminated_threads = self.terminated_threads.borrow();
for &candidate in reuse.iter() {
let target_timestamp = vector_clocks[candidate].clock[candidate];
if vector_clocks.iter_enumerated().all(|(clock_idx, clock)| {
// The thread happens before the clock, and hence cannot report
// a data-race with this the candidate index.
let no_data_race = clock.clock[candidate] >= target_timestamp;
// The vector represents a thread that has terminated and hence cannot
// report a data-race with the candidate index.
let thread_id = vector_info[clock_idx];
let vector_terminated =
reuse.contains(&clock_idx) || terminated_threads.contains_key(&thread_id);
// The vector index cannot report a race with the candidate index
// and hence allows the candidate index to be re-used.
no_data_race || vector_terminated
}) {
// All vector clocks for each vector index are equal to
// the target timestamp, and the thread is known to have
// terminated, therefore this vector clock index cannot
// report any more data-races.
assert!(reuse.remove(&candidate));
return Some(candidate);
}
}
None
}
// Hook for thread creation, enabled multi-threaded execution and marks
// the current thread timestamp as happening-before the current thread.
#[inline]
pub fn thread_created(&mut self, thread: ThreadId) {
let current_index = self.current_index();
// Increment the number of active threads.
let active_threads = self.active_thread_count.get();
self.active_thread_count.set(active_threads + 1);
// Enable multi-threaded execution, there are now two threads
// so data-races are now possible.
self.multi_threaded.set(true);
// Load and setup the associated thread metadata
let mut thread_info = self.thread_info.borrow_mut();
thread_info.ensure_contains_elem(thread, Default::default);
// Assign a vector index for the thread, attempting to re-use an old
// vector index that can no longer report any data-races if possible.
let created_index = if let Some(reuse_index) = self.find_vector_index_reuse_candidate() {
// Now re-configure the re-use candidate, increment the clock
// for the new sync use of the vector.
let vector_clocks = self.vector_clocks.get_mut();
vector_clocks[reuse_index].increment_clock(reuse_index);
// Locate the old thread the vector was associated with and update
// it to represent the new thread instead.
let vector_info = self.vector_info.get_mut();
let old_thread = vector_info[reuse_index];
vector_info[reuse_index] = thread;
// Mark the thread the vector index was associated with as no longer
// representing a thread index.
thread_info[old_thread].vector_index = None;
reuse_index
} else {
// No vector re-use candidates available, instead create
// a new vector index.
let vector_info = self.vector_info.get_mut();
vector_info.push(thread)
};
log::trace!("Creating thread = {:?} with vector index = {:?}", thread, created_index);
// Mark the chosen vector index as in use by the thread.
thread_info[thread].vector_index = Some(created_index);
// Create a thread clock set if applicable.
let vector_clocks = self.vector_clocks.get_mut();
if created_index == vector_clocks.next_index() {
vector_clocks.push(ThreadClockSet::default());
}
// Now load the two clocks and configure the initial state.
let (current, created) = vector_clocks.pick2_mut(current_index, created_index);
// Join the created with current, since the current threads
// previous actions happen-before the created thread.
created.join_with(current);
// Advance both threads after the synchronized operation.
// Both operations are considered to have release semantics.
current.increment_clock(current_index);
created.increment_clock(created_index);
}
/// Hook on a thread join to update the implicit happens-before relation
/// between the joined thread and the current thread.
#[inline]
pub fn thread_joined(&mut self, current_thread: ThreadId, join_thread: ThreadId) {
let clocks_vec = self.vector_clocks.get_mut();
let thread_info = self.thread_info.get_mut();
// Load the vector clock of the current thread.
let current_index = thread_info[current_thread]
.vector_index
.expect("Performed thread join on thread with no assigned vector");
let current = &mut clocks_vec[current_index];
// Load the associated vector clock for the terminated thread.
let join_clock = thread_info[join_thread]
.termination_vector_clock
.as_ref()
.expect("Joined with thread but thread has not terminated");
// The join thread happens-before the current thread
// so update the current vector clock.
// Is not a release operation so the clock is not incremented.
current.clock.join(join_clock);
// Check the number of active threads, if the value is 1
// then test for potentially disabling multi-threaded execution.
let active_threads = self.active_thread_count.get();
if active_threads == 1 {
// May potentially be able to disable multi-threaded execution.
let current_clock = &clocks_vec[current_index];
if clocks_vec
.iter_enumerated()
.all(|(idx, clocks)| clocks.clock[idx] <= current_clock.clock[idx])
{
// All thread terminations happen-before the current clock
// therefore no data-races can be reported until a new thread
// is created, so disable multi-threaded execution.
self.multi_threaded.set(false);
}
}
// If the thread is marked as terminated but not joined
// then move the thread to the re-use set.
let termination = self.terminated_threads.get_mut();
if let Some(index) = termination.remove(&join_thread) {
let reuse = self.reuse_candidates.get_mut();
reuse.insert(index);
}
}
/// On thread termination, the vector-clock may re-used
/// in the future once all remaining thread-clocks catch
/// up with the time index of the terminated thread.
/// This assigns thread termination with a unique index
/// which will be used to join the thread
/// This should be called strictly before any calls to
/// `thread_joined`.
#[inline]
pub fn thread_terminated(&mut self) {
let current_index = self.current_index();
// Increment the clock to a unique termination timestamp.
let vector_clocks = self.vector_clocks.get_mut();
let current_clocks = &mut vector_clocks[current_index];
current_clocks.increment_clock(current_index);
// Load the current thread id for the executing vector.
let vector_info = self.vector_info.get_mut();
let current_thread = vector_info[current_index];
// Load the current thread metadata, and move to a terminated
// vector state. Setting up the vector clock all join operations
// will use.
let thread_info = self.thread_info.get_mut();
let current = &mut thread_info[current_thread];
current.termination_vector_clock = Some(current_clocks.clock.clone());
// Add this thread as a candidate for re-use after a thread join
// occurs.
let termination = self.terminated_threads.get_mut();
termination.insert(current_thread, current_index);
// Reduce the number of active threads, now that a thread has
// terminated.
let mut active_threads = self.active_thread_count.get();
active_threads -= 1;
self.active_thread_count.set(active_threads);
}
/// Hook for updating the local tracker of the currently
/// enabled thread, should always be updated whenever
/// `active_thread` in thread.rs is updated.
#[inline]
pub fn thread_set_active(&self, thread: ThreadId) {
let thread_info = self.thread_info.borrow();
let vector_idx = thread_info[thread]
.vector_index
.expect("Setting thread active with no assigned vector");
self.current_index.set(vector_idx);
}
/// Hook for updating the local tracker of the threads name
/// this should always mirror the local value in thread.rs
/// the thread name is used for improved diagnostics
/// during a data-race.
#[inline]
pub fn thread_set_name(&mut self, thread: ThreadId, name: String) {
let name = name.into_boxed_str();
let thread_info = self.thread_info.get_mut();
thread_info[thread].thread_name = Some(name);
}
/// Attempt to perform a synchronized operation, this
/// will perform no operation if multi-threading is
/// not currently enabled.
/// Otherwise it will increment the clock for the current
/// vector before and after the operation for data-race
/// detection between any happens-before edges the
/// operation may create.
fn maybe_perform_sync_operation<'tcx>(
&self,
op: impl FnOnce(VectorIdx, RefMut<'_, ThreadClockSet>) -> InterpResult<'tcx, bool>,
) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
if self.multi_threaded.get() {
let (index, clocks) = self.current_thread_state_mut();
if op(index, clocks)? {
let (_, mut clocks) = self.current_thread_state_mut();
clocks.increment_clock(index);
}
}
Ok(())
}
/// Internal utility to identify a thread stored internally
/// returns the id and the name for better diagnostics.
fn print_thread_metadata(&self, vector: VectorIdx) -> String {
let thread = self.vector_info.borrow()[vector];
let thread_name = &self.thread_info.borrow()[thread].thread_name;
if let Some(name) = thread_name {
let name: &str = name;
format!("Thread(id = {:?}, name = {:?})", thread.to_u32(), &*name)
} else {
format!("Thread(id = {:?})", thread.to_u32())
}
}
/// Acquire a lock, express that the previous call of
/// `validate_lock_release` must happen before this.
/// As this is an acquire operation, the thread timestamp is not
/// incremented.
pub fn validate_lock_acquire(&self, lock: &VClock, thread: ThreadId) {
let (_, mut clocks) = self.load_thread_state_mut(thread);
clocks.clock.join(lock);
}
/// Release a lock handle, express that this happens-before
/// any subsequent calls to `validate_lock_acquire`.
/// For normal locks this should be equivalent to `validate_lock_release_shared`
/// since an acquire operation should have occurred before, however
/// for futex & condvar operations this is not the case and this
/// operation must be used.
pub fn validate_lock_release(&self, lock: &mut VClock, thread: ThreadId) {
let (index, mut clocks) = self.load_thread_state_mut(thread);
lock.clone_from(&clocks.clock);
clocks.increment_clock(index);
}
/// Release a lock handle, express that this happens-before
/// any subsequent calls to `validate_lock_acquire` as well
/// as any previous calls to this function after any
/// `validate_lock_release` calls.
/// For normal locks this should be equivalent to `validate_lock_release`.
/// This function only exists for joining over the set of concurrent readers
/// in a read-write lock and should not be used for anything else.
pub fn validate_lock_release_shared(&self, lock: &mut VClock, thread: ThreadId) {
let (index, mut clocks) = self.load_thread_state_mut(thread);
lock.join(&clocks.clock);
clocks.increment_clock(index);
}
/// Load the vector index used by the given thread as well as the set of vector clocks
/// used by the thread.
#[inline]
fn load_thread_state_mut(&self, thread: ThreadId) -> (VectorIdx, RefMut<'_, ThreadClockSet>) {
let index = self.thread_info.borrow()[thread]
.vector_index
.expect("Loading thread state for thread with no assigned vector");
let ref_vector = self.vector_clocks.borrow_mut();
let clocks = RefMut::map(ref_vector, |vec| &mut vec[index]);
(index, clocks)
}
/// Load the current vector clock in use and the current set of thread clocks
/// in use for the vector.
#[inline]
fn current_thread_state(&self) -> (VectorIdx, Ref<'_, ThreadClockSet>) {
let index = self.current_index();
let ref_vector = self.vector_clocks.borrow();
let clocks = Ref::map(ref_vector, |vec| &vec[index]);
(index, clocks)
}
/// Load the current vector clock in use and the current set of thread clocks
/// in use for the vector mutably for modification.
#[inline]
fn current_thread_state_mut(&self) -> (VectorIdx, RefMut<'_, ThreadClockSet>) {
let index = self.current_index();
let ref_vector = self.vector_clocks.borrow_mut();
let clocks = RefMut::map(ref_vector, |vec| &mut vec[index]);
(index, clocks)
}
/// Return the current thread, should be the same
/// as the data-race active thread.
#[inline]
fn current_index(&self) -> VectorIdx {
self.current_index.get()
}
}