rust/clippy_lints/src/matches.rs
2017-04-01 00:14:04 +02:00

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use rustc::hir::*;
use rustc::lint::*;
use rustc::middle::const_val::ConstVal;
use rustc::ty;
use rustc_const_eval::ConstContext;
use rustc_const_math::ConstInt;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::collections::Bound;
use syntax::ast::LitKind;
use syntax::codemap::Span;
use utils::paths;
use utils::{match_type, snippet, span_note_and_lint, span_lint_and_then, in_external_macro, expr_block, walk_ptrs_ty,
is_expn_of, remove_blocks};
use utils::sugg::Sugg;
/// **What it does:** Checks for matches with a single arm where an `if let`
/// will usually suffice.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Just readability `if let` nests less than a `match`.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// match x {
/// Some(ref foo) => bar(foo),
/// _ => ()
/// }
/// ```
declare_lint! {
pub SINGLE_MATCH,
Warn,
"a match statement with a single nontrivial arm (i.e. where the other arm \
is `_ => {}`) instead of `if let`"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for matches with a two arms where an `if let` will
/// usually suffice.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** Just readability `if let` nests less than a `match`.
///
/// **Known problems:** Personal style preferences may differ.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// match x {
/// Some(ref foo) => bar(foo),
/// _ => bar(other_ref),
/// }
/// ```
declare_lint! {
pub SINGLE_MATCH_ELSE,
Allow,
"a match statement with a two arms where the second arm's pattern is a wildcard \
instead of `if let`"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for matches where all arms match a reference,
/// suggesting to remove the reference and deref the matched expression
/// instead. It also checks for `if let &foo = bar` blocks.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** It just makes the code less readable. That reference
/// destructuring adds nothing to the code.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// match x {
/// &A(ref y) => foo(y),
/// &B => bar(),
/// _ => frob(&x),
/// }
/// ```
declare_lint! {
pub MATCH_REF_PATS,
Warn,
"a match or `if let` with all arms prefixed with `&` instead of deref-ing the match expression"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for matches where match expression is a `bool`. It
/// suggests to replace the expression with an `if...else` block.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** It makes the code less readable.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let condition: bool = true;
/// match condition {
/// true => foo(),
/// false => bar(),
/// }
/// ```
declare_lint! {
pub MATCH_BOOL,
Warn,
"a match on a boolean expression instead of an `if..else` block"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for overlapping match arms.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** It is likely to be an error and if not, makes the code
/// less obvious.
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let x = 5;
/// match x {
/// 1 ... 10 => println!("1 ... 10"),
/// 5 ... 15 => println!("5 ... 15"),
/// _ => (),
/// }
/// ```
declare_lint! {
pub MATCH_OVERLAPPING_ARM,
Warn,
"a match with overlapping arms"
}
/// **What it does:** Checks for arm which matches all errors with `Err(_)`
/// and take drastic actions like `panic!`.
///
/// **Why is this bad?** It is generally a bad practice, just like
/// catching all exceptions in java with `catch(Exception)`
///
/// **Known problems:** None.
///
/// **Example:**
/// ```rust
/// let x : Result(i32, &str) = Ok(3);
/// match x {
/// Ok(_) => println!("ok"),
/// Err(_) => panic!("err"),
/// }
/// ```
declare_lint! {
pub MATCH_WILD_ERR_ARM,
Warn,
"a match with `Err(_)` arm and take drastic actions"
}
#[allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
pub struct MatchPass;
impl LintPass for MatchPass {
fn get_lints(&self) -> LintArray {
lint_array!(SINGLE_MATCH,
MATCH_REF_PATS,
MATCH_BOOL,
SINGLE_MATCH_ELSE,
MATCH_OVERLAPPING_ARM,
MATCH_WILD_ERR_ARM)
}
}
impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for MatchPass {
fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr) {
if in_external_macro(cx, expr.span) {
return;
}
if let ExprMatch(ref ex, ref arms, MatchSource::Normal) = expr.node {
check_single_match(cx, ex, arms, expr);
check_match_bool(cx, ex, arms, expr);
check_overlapping_arms(cx, ex, arms);
check_wild_err_arm(cx, ex, arms);
}
if let ExprMatch(ref ex, ref arms, source) = expr.node {
check_match_ref_pats(cx, ex, arms, source, expr);
}
}
}
#[cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt_skip)]
fn check_single_match(cx: &LateContext, ex: &Expr, arms: &[Arm], expr: &Expr) {
if arms.len() == 2 &&
arms[0].pats.len() == 1 && arms[0].guard.is_none() &&
arms[1].pats.len() == 1 && arms[1].guard.is_none() {
let els = remove_blocks(&arms[1].body);
let els = if is_unit_expr(els) {
None
} else if let ExprBlock(_) = els.node {
// matches with blocks that contain statements are prettier as `if let + else`
Some(els)
} else {
// allow match arms with just expressions
return;
};
let ty = cx.tables.expr_ty(ex);
if ty.sty != ty::TyBool || cx.current_level(MATCH_BOOL) == Allow {
check_single_match_single_pattern(cx, ex, arms, expr, els);
check_single_match_opt_like(cx, ex, arms, expr, ty, els);
}
}
}
fn check_single_match_single_pattern(cx: &LateContext, ex: &Expr, arms: &[Arm], expr: &Expr, els: Option<&Expr>) {
if arms[1].pats[0].node == PatKind::Wild {
report_single_match_single_pattern(cx, ex, arms, expr, els);
}
}
fn report_single_match_single_pattern(cx: &LateContext, ex: &Expr, arms: &[Arm], expr: &Expr, els: Option<&Expr>) {
let lint = if els.is_some() {
SINGLE_MATCH_ELSE
} else {
SINGLE_MATCH
};
let els_str = els.map_or(String::new(), |els| format!(" else {}", expr_block(cx, els, None, "..")));
span_lint_and_then(cx,
lint,
expr.span,
"you seem to be trying to use match for destructuring a single pattern. Consider using `if \
let`",
|db| {
db.span_suggestion(expr.span,
"try this",
format!("if let {} = {} {}{}",
snippet(cx, arms[0].pats[0].span, ".."),
snippet(cx, ex.span, ".."),
expr_block(cx, &arms[0].body, None, ".."),
els_str));
});
}
fn check_single_match_opt_like(
cx: &LateContext,
ex: &Expr,
arms: &[Arm],
expr: &Expr,
ty: ty::Ty,
els: Option<&Expr>
) {
// list of candidate Enums we know will never get any more members
let candidates = &[(&paths::COW, "Borrowed"),
(&paths::COW, "Cow::Borrowed"),
(&paths::COW, "Cow::Owned"),
(&paths::COW, "Owned"),
(&paths::OPTION, "None"),
(&paths::RESULT, "Err"),
(&paths::RESULT, "Ok")];
let path = match arms[1].pats[0].node {
PatKind::TupleStruct(ref path, ref inner, _) => {
// contains any non wildcard patterns? e.g. Err(err)
if inner.iter().any(|pat| pat.node != PatKind::Wild) {
return;
}
print::to_string(print::NO_ANN, |s| s.print_qpath(path, false))
},
PatKind::Binding(BindByValue(MutImmutable), _, ident, None) => ident.node.to_string(),
PatKind::Path(ref path) => print::to_string(print::NO_ANN, |s| s.print_qpath(path, false)),
_ => return,
};
for &(ty_path, pat_path) in candidates {
if path == *pat_path && match_type(cx, ty, ty_path) {
report_single_match_single_pattern(cx, ex, arms, expr, els);
}
}
}
fn check_match_bool(cx: &LateContext, ex: &Expr, arms: &[Arm], expr: &Expr) {
// type of expression == bool
if cx.tables.expr_ty(ex).sty == ty::TyBool {
span_lint_and_then(cx,
MATCH_BOOL,
expr.span,
"you seem to be trying to match on a boolean expression",
move |db| {
if arms.len() == 2 && arms[0].pats.len() == 1 {
// no guards
let exprs = if let PatKind::Lit(ref arm_bool) = arms[0].pats[0].node {
if let ExprLit(ref lit) = arm_bool.node {
match lit.node {
LitKind::Bool(true) => Some((&*arms[0].body, &*arms[1].body)),
LitKind::Bool(false) => Some((&*arms[1].body, &*arms[0].body)),
_ => None,
}
} else {
None
}
} else {
None
};
if let Some((true_expr, false_expr)) = exprs {
let sugg = match (is_unit_expr(true_expr), is_unit_expr(false_expr)) {
(false, false) => {
Some(format!("if {} {} else {}",
snippet(cx, ex.span, "b"),
expr_block(cx, true_expr, None, ".."),
expr_block(cx, false_expr, None, "..")))
},
(false, true) => {
Some(format!("if {} {}", snippet(cx, ex.span, "b"), expr_block(cx, true_expr, None, "..")))
},
(true, false) => {
let test = Sugg::hir(cx, ex, "..");
Some(format!("if {} {}", !test, expr_block(cx, false_expr, None, "..")))
},
(true, true) => None,
};
if let Some(sugg) = sugg {
db.span_suggestion(expr.span, "consider using an if/else expression", sugg);
}
}
}
});
}
}
fn check_overlapping_arms(cx: &LateContext, ex: &Expr, arms: &[Arm]) {
if arms.len() >= 2 && cx.tables.expr_ty(ex).is_integral() {
let ranges = all_ranges(cx, arms);
let type_ranges = type_ranges(&ranges);
if !type_ranges.is_empty() {
if let Some((start, end)) = overlapping(&type_ranges) {
span_note_and_lint(cx,
MATCH_OVERLAPPING_ARM,
start.span,
"some ranges overlap",
end.span,
"overlaps with this");
}
}
}
}
fn check_wild_err_arm(cx: &LateContext, ex: &Expr, arms: &[Arm]) {
let ex_ty = walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty(ex));
if match_type(cx, ex_ty, &paths::RESULT) {
for arm in arms {
if let PatKind::TupleStruct(ref path, ref inner, _) = arm.pats[0].node {
let path_str = print::to_string(print::NO_ANN, |s| s.print_qpath(path, false));
if_let_chain! {[
path_str == "Err",
inner.iter().any(|pat| pat.node == PatKind::Wild),
let ExprBlock(ref block) = arm.body.node,
is_panic_block(block)
], {
// `Err(_)` arm with `panic!` found
span_note_and_lint(cx,
MATCH_WILD_ERR_ARM,
arm.pats[0].span,
"Err(_) will match all errors, maybe not a good idea",
arm.pats[0].span,
"to remove this warning, match each error seperately \
or use unreachable macro");
}}
}
}
}
}
// If the block contains only a `panic!` macro (as expression or statement)
fn is_panic_block(block: &Block) -> bool {
match (&block.expr, block.stmts.len(), block.stmts.first()) {
(&Some(ref exp), 0, _) => {
is_expn_of(exp.span, "panic").is_some() && is_expn_of(exp.span, "unreachable").is_none()
},
(&None, 1, Some(stmt)) => {
is_expn_of(stmt.span, "panic").is_some() && is_expn_of(stmt.span, "unreachable").is_none()
},
_ => false,
}
}
fn check_match_ref_pats(cx: &LateContext, ex: &Expr, arms: &[Arm], source: MatchSource, expr: &Expr) {
if has_only_ref_pats(arms) {
if let ExprAddrOf(Mutability::MutImmutable, ref inner) = ex.node {
span_lint_and_then(cx,
MATCH_REF_PATS,
expr.span,
"you don't need to add `&` to both the expression and the patterns",
|db| {
let inner = Sugg::hir(cx, inner, "..");
let template = match_template(expr.span, source, &inner);
db.span_suggestion(expr.span, "try", template);
});
} else {
span_lint_and_then(cx,
MATCH_REF_PATS,
expr.span,
"you don't need to add `&` to all patterns",
|db| {
let ex = Sugg::hir(cx, ex, "..");
let template = match_template(expr.span, source, &ex.deref());
db.span_suggestion(expr.span,
"instead of prefixing all patterns with `&`, you can dereference the expression",
template);
});
}
}
}
/// Get all arms that are unbounded `PatRange`s.
fn all_ranges<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, arms: &[Arm]) -> Vec<SpannedRange<ConstVal<'tcx>>> {
let constcx = ConstContext::with_tables(cx.tcx, cx.tables);
arms.iter()
.flat_map(|arm| {
if let Arm { ref pats, guard: None, .. } = *arm {
pats.iter()
} else {
[].iter()
}
.filter_map(|pat| {
if_let_chain! {[
let PatKind::Range(ref lhs, ref rhs, ref range_end) = pat.node,
let Ok(lhs) = constcx.eval(lhs),
let Ok(rhs) = constcx.eval(rhs)
], {
let rhs = match *range_end {
RangeEnd::Included => Bound::Included(rhs),
RangeEnd::Excluded => Bound::Excluded(rhs),
};
return Some(SpannedRange { span: pat.span, node: (lhs, rhs) });
}}
if_let_chain! {[
let PatKind::Lit(ref value) = pat.node,
let Ok(value) = constcx.eval(value)
], {
return Some(SpannedRange { span: pat.span, node: (value.clone(), Bound::Included(value)) });
}}
None
})
})
.collect()
}
#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct SpannedRange<T> {
pub span: Span,
pub node: (T, Bound<T>),
}
type TypedRanges = Vec<SpannedRange<ConstInt>>;
/// Get all `Int` ranges or all `Uint` ranges. Mixed types are an error anyway and other types than
/// `Uint` and `Int` probably don't make sense.
fn type_ranges(ranges: &[SpannedRange<ConstVal>]) -> TypedRanges {
ranges.iter()
.filter_map(|range| match range.node {
(ConstVal::Integral(start), Bound::Included(ConstVal::Integral(end))) => {
Some(SpannedRange {
span: range.span,
node: (start, Bound::Included(end)),
})
},
(ConstVal::Integral(start), Bound::Excluded(ConstVal::Integral(end))) => {
Some(SpannedRange {
span: range.span,
node: (start, Bound::Excluded(end)),
})
},
(ConstVal::Integral(start), Bound::Unbounded) => {
Some(SpannedRange {
span: range.span,
node: (start, Bound::Unbounded),
})
},
_ => None,
})
.collect()
}
fn is_unit_expr(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
match expr.node {
ExprTup(ref v) if v.is_empty() => true,
ExprBlock(ref b) if b.stmts.is_empty() && b.expr.is_none() => true,
_ => false,
}
}
fn has_only_ref_pats(arms: &[Arm]) -> bool {
let mapped = arms.iter()
.flat_map(|a| &a.pats)
.map(|p| {
match p.node {
PatKind::Ref(..) => Some(true), // &-patterns
PatKind::Wild => Some(false), // an "anything" wildcard is also fine
_ => None, // any other pattern is not fine
}
})
.collect::<Option<Vec<bool>>>();
// look for Some(v) where there's at least one true element
mapped.map_or(false, |v| v.iter().any(|el| *el))
}
fn match_template(span: Span, source: MatchSource, expr: &Sugg) -> String {
match source {
MatchSource::Normal => format!("match {} {{ .. }}", expr),
MatchSource::IfLetDesugar { .. } => format!("if let .. = {} {{ .. }}", expr),
MatchSource::WhileLetDesugar => format!("while let .. = {} {{ .. }}", expr),
MatchSource::ForLoopDesugar => span_bug!(span, "for loop desugared to match with &-patterns!"),
MatchSource::TryDesugar => span_bug!(span, "`?` operator desugared to match with &-patterns!"),
}
}
pub fn overlapping<T>(ranges: &[SpannedRange<T>]) -> Option<(&SpannedRange<T>, &SpannedRange<T>)>
where T: Copy + Ord
{
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
enum Kind<'a, T: 'a> {
Start(T, &'a SpannedRange<T>),
End(Bound<T>, &'a SpannedRange<T>),
}
impl<'a, T: Copy> Kind<'a, T> {
fn range(&self) -> &'a SpannedRange<T> {
match *self {
Kind::Start(_, r) |
Kind::End(_, r) => r,
}
}
fn value(self) -> Bound<T> {
match self {
Kind::Start(t, _) => Bound::Included(t),
Kind::End(t, _) => t,
}
}
}
impl<'a, T: Copy + Ord> PartialOrd for Kind<'a, T> {
fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
Some(self.cmp(other))
}
}
impl<'a, T: Copy + Ord> Ord for Kind<'a, T> {
fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
match (self.value(), other.value()) {
(Bound::Included(a), Bound::Included(b)) |
(Bound::Excluded(a), Bound::Excluded(b)) => a.cmp(&b),
// Range patterns cannot be unbounded (yet)
(Bound::Unbounded, _) |
(_, Bound::Unbounded) => unimplemented!(),
(Bound::Included(a), Bound::Excluded(b)) => {
match a.cmp(&b) {
Ordering::Equal => Ordering::Greater,
other => other,
}
},
(Bound::Excluded(a), Bound::Included(b)) => {
match a.cmp(&b) {
Ordering::Equal => Ordering::Less,
other => other,
}
},
}
}
}
let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(2 * ranges.len());
for r in ranges {
values.push(Kind::Start(r.node.0, r));
values.push(Kind::End(r.node.1, r));
}
values.sort();
for (a, b) in values.iter().zip(values.iter().skip(1)) {
match (a, b) {
(&Kind::Start(_, ra), &Kind::End(_, rb)) => {
if ra.node != rb.node {
return Some((ra, rb));
}
},
(&Kind::End(a, _), &Kind::Start(b, _)) if a != Bound::Included(b) => (),
_ => return Some((a.range(), b.range())),
}
}
None
}