115 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
115 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
#rust-clippy
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[](https://travis-ci.org/Manishearth/rust-clippy)
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A collection of lints that give helpful tips to newbies and catch oversights.
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##Lints
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There are 48 lints included in this crate:
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name | default | meaning
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-------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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approx_constant | warn | the approximate of a known float constant (in `std::f64::consts` or `std::f32::consts`) is found; suggests to use the constant
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bad_bit_mask | deny | expressions of the form `_ & mask == select` that will only ever return `true` or `false` (because in the example `select` containing bits that `mask` doesn't have)
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box_vec | warn | usage of `Box<Vec<T>>`, vector elements are already on the heap
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cast_possible_truncation | allow | casts that may cause truncation of the value, e.g `x as u8` where `x: u32`, or `x as i32` where `x: f32`
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cast_possible_wrap | allow | casts that may cause wrapping around the value, e.g `x as i32` where `x: u32` and `x > i32::MAX`
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cast_precision_loss | allow | casts that cause loss of precision, e.g `x as f32` where `x: u64`
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cast_sign_loss | allow | casts from signed types to unsigned types, e.g `x as u32` where `x: i32`
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cmp_nan | deny | comparisons to NAN (which will always return false, which is probably not intended)
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cmp_owned | warn | creating owned instances for comparing with others, e.g. `x == "foo".to_string()`
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collapsible_if | warn | two nested `if`-expressions can be collapsed into one, e.g. `if x { if y { foo() } }` can be written as `if x && y { foo() }`
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eq_op | warn | equal operands on both sides of a comparison or bitwise combination (e.g. `x == x`)
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explicit_iter_loop | warn | for-looping over `_.iter()` or `_.iter_mut()` when `&_` or `&mut _` would do
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float_cmp | warn | using `==` or `!=` on float values (as floating-point operations usually involve rounding errors, it is always better to check for approximate equality within small bounds)
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identity_op | warn | using identity operations, e.g. `x + 0` or `y / 1`
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ineffective_bit_mask | warn | expressions where a bit mask will be rendered useless by a comparison, e.g. `(x | 1) > 2`
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inline_always | warn | `#[inline(always)]` is a bad idea in most cases
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iter_next_loop | warn | for-looping over `_.next()` which is probably not intended
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len_without_is_empty | warn | traits and impls that have `.len()` but not `.is_empty()`
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len_zero | warn | checking `.len() == 0` or `.len() > 0` (or similar) when `.is_empty()` could be used instead
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let_and_return | warn | creating a let-binding and then immediately returning it like `let x = expr; x` at the end of a function
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let_unit_value | warn | creating a let binding to a value of unit type, which usually can't be used afterwards
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linkedlist | warn | usage of LinkedList, usually a vector is faster, or a more specialized data structure like a RingBuf
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match_ref_pats | warn | a match has all arms prefixed with `&`; the match expression can be dereferenced instead
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modulo_one | warn | taking a number modulo 1, which always returns 0
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mut_mut | warn | usage of double-mut refs, e.g. `&mut &mut ...` (either copy'n'paste error, or shows a fundamental misunderstanding of references)
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needless_bool | warn | if-statements with plain booleans in the then- and else-clause, e.g. `if p { true } else { false }`
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needless_lifetimes | warn | using explicit lifetimes for references in function arguments when elision rules would allow omitting them
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needless_range_loop | warn | for-looping over a range of indices where an iterator over items would do
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needless_return | warn | using a return statement like `return expr;` where an expression would suffice
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non_ascii_literal | allow | using any literal non-ASCII chars in a string literal; suggests using the \\u escape instead
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option_unwrap_used | allow | using `Option.unwrap()`, which should at least get a better message using `expect()`
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precedence | warn | expressions where precedence may trip up the unwary reader of the source; suggests adding parentheses, e.g. `x << 2 + y` will be parsed as `x << (2 + y)`
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ptr_arg | allow | fn arguments of the type `&Vec<...>` or `&String`, suggesting to use `&[...]` or `&str` instead, respectively
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range_step_by_zero | warn | using Range::step_by(0), which produces an infinite iterator
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redundant_closure | warn | using redundant closures, i.e. `|a| foo(a)` (which can be written as just `foo`)
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result_unwrap_used | allow | using `Result.unwrap()`, which might be better handled
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shadow_foreign | warn | The name is re-bound without even using the original value
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shadow_reuse | allow | rebinding a name to an expression that re-uses the original value, e.g. `let x = x + 1`
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shadow_same | allow | rebinding a name to itself, e.g. `let mut x = &mut x`
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single_match | warn | a match statement with a single nontrivial arm (i.e, where the other arm is `_ => {}`) is used; recommends `if let` instead
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str_to_string | warn | using `to_string()` on a str, which should be `to_owned()`
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string_add | allow | using `x + ..` where x is a `String`; suggests using `push_str()` instead
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string_add_assign | allow | using `x = x + ..` where x is a `String`; suggests using `push_str()` instead
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string_to_string | warn | calling `String.to_string()` which is a no-op
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toplevel_ref_arg | warn | a function argument is declared `ref` (i.e. `fn foo(ref x: u8)`, but not `fn foo((ref x, ref y): (u8, u8))`)
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type_complexity | warn | usage of very complex types; recommends factoring out parts into `type` definitions
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unit_cmp | warn | comparing unit values (which is always `true` or `false`, respectively)
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zero_width_space | deny | using a zero-width space in a string literal, which is confusing
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More to come, please [file an issue](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/issues) if you have ideas!
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##Usage
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Compiler plugins are highly unstable and will only work with a nightly Rust for now. Since stable Rust is backwards compatible, you should be able to compile your stable programs with nightly Rust with clippy plugged in to circumvent this.
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Add in your `Cargo.toml`:
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```toml
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[dependencies]
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clippy = "*"
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```
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Sample `main.rs`:
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```rust
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#![feature(plugin)]
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#![plugin(clippy)]
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fn main(){
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let x = Some(1u8);
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match x {
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Some(y) => println!("{:?}", y),
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_ => ()
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}
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}
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```
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Produce this warning:
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```
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src/main.rs:8:5: 11:6 warning: You seem to be trying to use match for destructuring a single type. Did you mean to use `if let`?, #[warn(single_match)] on by default
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src/main.rs:8 match x {
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src/main.rs:9 Some(y) => println!("{:?}", y),
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src/main.rs:10 _ => ()
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src/main.rs:11 }
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src/main.rs:8:5: 11:6 help: Try
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if let Some(y) = x { println!("{:?}", y) }
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```
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You can add options to `allow`/`warn`/`deny`:
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- the whole set using the `clippy` lint group (`#![deny(clippy)]`, etc)
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- only some lints (`#![deny(single_match, box_vec)]`, etc)
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- `allow`/`warn`/`deny` can be limited to a single function or module using `#[allow(...)]`, etc
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Note: `deny` produces errors instead of warnings
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To have cargo compile your crate with clippy without needing `#![plugin(clippy)]`
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in your code, you can use:
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```
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cargo rustc -- -L /path/to/clippy_so -Z extra-plugins=clippy
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```
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##License
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Licensed under [MPL](https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/). If you're having issues with the license, let me know and I'll try to change it to something more permissive.
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