rustdoc: Fix ICE for intra-doc link on intermediate re-export
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/109282.
This PR is based on #109266 as it includes its commit to make this work.
`@petrochenkov:` It was exactly as you predicted, adding the `DefId` to the attributes fixed the error for intermediate re-exports as well. Thanks a lot!
r? `@petrochenkov`