Port clippy away from compiletest to ui_test
Reasons to do this:
* runs completely on stable Rust
* is easier to extend with new features
* has its own dogfood test suite, so changes can be tested in [the `ui_test` repo](https://github.com/oli-obk/ui_test)
* supports dependencies from crates.io without having to manually fiddle with command line flags
* supports `ui-cargo`, `ui`, `ui-toml` out of the box, no need to find and run the tests ourselves
One thing that is a big difference to `compiletest` is that if a test emits *any* error, you need to mark all of them with `//~ ERROR:` annotations. Since many clippy tests did not have annotations, I changed many lints to be `warn` in their test so that only the `stderr` output is tested.
TODO:
* [ ] check that this still works as a subtree in the rustc repo
changelog: none
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Note: at present the latest changes needed for clippy are only available as a git dependency, but I expect to publish a new crates.io version soon
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