add `-C overflow-checks` option
In addition to defining and handling the new option, we also add a method on librustc::Session for determining the necessity of overflow checks. This method provides a single point to sort out the three (!) different ways for turning on overflow checks: -C debug-assertions, -C overflow-checks, and -Z force-overflow-checks.
I was seeing a [run-pass/issue-28950.rs](b1363a73ed/src/test/run-pass/issue-28950.rs) failure on my machine with these patches, but I was also seeing the failure without the changes to the core compiler. We'll see what travis says.
Fixes#33134. r? @alexcrichton
582d5d9793