use crate::utils::{ is_entrypoint_fn, is_expn_of, match_panic_def_id, method_chain_args, return_ty, span_lint, span_lint_and_note, }; use clippy_utils::ty::{implements_trait, is_type_diagnostic_item}; use if_chain::if_chain; use itertools::Itertools; use rustc_ast::ast::{Async, AttrKind, Attribute, FnKind, FnRetTy, ItemKind}; use rustc_ast::token::CommentKind; use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet; use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc; use rustc_errors::emitter::EmitterWriter; use rustc_errors::Handler; use rustc_hir as hir; use rustc_hir::intravisit::{self, NestedVisitorMap, Visitor}; use rustc_hir::{Expr, ExprKind, QPath}; use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass}; use rustc_middle::hir::map::Map; use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro; use rustc_middle::ty; use rustc_parse::maybe_new_parser_from_source_str; use rustc_parse::parser::ForceCollect; use rustc_session::parse::ParseSess; use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass}; use rustc_span::edition::Edition; use rustc_span::source_map::{BytePos, FilePathMapping, MultiSpan, SourceMap, Span}; use rustc_span::{sym, FileName, Pos}; use std::io; use std::ops::Range; use url::Url; declare_clippy_lint! { /// **What it does:** Checks for the presence of `_`, `::` or camel-case words /// outside ticks in documentation. /// /// **Why is this bad?** *Rustdoc* supports markdown formatting, `_`, `::` and /// camel-case probably indicates some code which should be included between /// ticks. `_` can also be used for emphasis in markdown, this lint tries to /// consider that. /// /// **Known problems:** Lots of bad docs won’t be fixed, what the lint checks /// for is limited, and there are still false positives. /// /// In addition, when writing documentation comments, including `[]` brackets /// inside a link text would trip the parser. Therfore, documenting link with /// `[`SmallVec<[T; INLINE_CAPACITY]>`]` and then [`SmallVec<[T; INLINE_CAPACITY]>`]: SmallVec /// would fail. /// /// **Examples:** /// ```rust /// /// Do something with the foo_bar parameter. See also /// /// that::other::module::foo. /// // ^ `foo_bar` and `that::other::module::foo` should be ticked. /// fn doit(foo_bar: usize) {} /// ``` /// /// ```rust /// // Link text with `[]` brackets should be written as following: /// /// Consume the array and return the inner /// /// [`SmallVec<[T; INLINE_CAPACITY]>`][SmallVec]. /// /// [SmallVec]: SmallVec /// fn main() {} /// ``` pub DOC_MARKDOWN, pedantic, "presence of `_`, `::` or camel-case outside backticks in documentation" } declare_clippy_lint! { /// **What it does:** Checks for the doc comments of publicly visible /// unsafe functions and warns if there is no `# Safety` section. /// /// **Why is this bad?** Unsafe functions should document their safety /// preconditions, so that users can be sure they are using them safely. /// /// **Known problems:** None. /// /// **Examples:** /// ```rust ///# type Universe = (); /// /// This function should really be documented /// pub unsafe fn start_apocalypse(u: &mut Universe) { /// unimplemented!(); /// } /// ``` /// /// At least write a line about safety: /// /// ```rust ///# type Universe = (); /// /// # Safety /// /// /// /// This function should not be called before the horsemen are ready. /// pub unsafe fn start_apocalypse(u: &mut Universe) { /// unimplemented!(); /// } /// ``` pub MISSING_SAFETY_DOC, style, "`pub unsafe fn` without `# Safety` docs" } declare_clippy_lint! { /// **What it does:** Checks the doc comments of publicly visible functions that /// return a `Result` type and warns if there is no `# Errors` section. /// /// **Why is this bad?** Documenting the type of errors that can be returned from a /// function can help callers write code to handle the errors appropriately. /// /// **Known problems:** None. /// /// **Examples:** /// /// Since the following function returns a `Result` it has an `# Errors` section in /// its doc comment: /// /// ```rust ///# use std::io; /// /// # Errors /// /// /// /// Will return `Err` if `filename` does not exist or the user does not have /// /// permission to read it. /// pub fn read(filename: String) -> io::Result { /// unimplemented!(); /// } /// ``` pub MISSING_ERRORS_DOC, pedantic, "`pub fn` returns `Result` without `# Errors` in doc comment" } declare_clippy_lint! { /// **What it does:** Checks the doc comments of publicly visible functions that /// may panic and warns if there is no `# Panics` section. /// /// **Why is this bad?** Documenting the scenarios in which panicking occurs /// can help callers who do not want to panic to avoid those situations. /// /// **Known problems:** None. /// /// **Examples:** /// /// Since the following function may panic it has a `# Panics` section in /// its doc comment: /// /// ```rust /// /// # Panics /// /// /// /// Will panic if y is 0 /// pub fn divide_by(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 { /// if y == 0 { /// panic!("Cannot divide by 0") /// } else { /// x / y /// } /// } /// ``` pub MISSING_PANICS_DOC, pedantic, "`pub fn` may panic without `# Panics` in doc comment" } declare_clippy_lint! { /// **What it does:** Checks for `fn main() { .. }` in doctests /// /// **Why is this bad?** The test can be shorter (and likely more readable) /// if the `fn main()` is left implicit. /// /// **Known problems:** None. /// /// **Examples:** /// ``````rust /// /// An example of a doctest with a `main()` function /// /// /// /// # Examples /// /// /// /// ``` /// /// fn main() { /// /// // this needs not be in an `fn` /// /// } /// /// ``` /// fn needless_main() { /// unimplemented!(); /// } /// `````` pub NEEDLESS_DOCTEST_MAIN, style, "presence of `fn main() {` in code examples" } #[allow(clippy::module_name_repetitions)] #[derive(Clone)] pub struct DocMarkdown { valid_idents: FxHashSet, in_trait_impl: bool, } impl DocMarkdown { pub fn new(valid_idents: FxHashSet) -> Self { Self { valid_idents, in_trait_impl: false, } } } impl_lint_pass!(DocMarkdown => [DOC_MARKDOWN, MISSING_SAFETY_DOC, MISSING_ERRORS_DOC, MISSING_PANICS_DOC, NEEDLESS_DOCTEST_MAIN] ); impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for DocMarkdown { fn check_crate(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, _: &'tcx hir::Crate<'_>) { let attrs = cx.tcx.hir().attrs(hir::CRATE_HIR_ID); check_attrs(cx, &self.valid_idents, attrs); } fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx hir::Item<'_>) { let attrs = cx.tcx.hir().attrs(item.hir_id()); let headers = check_attrs(cx, &self.valid_idents, attrs); match item.kind { hir::ItemKind::Fn(ref sig, _, body_id) => { if !(is_entrypoint_fn(cx, item.def_id.to_def_id()) || in_external_macro(cx.tcx.sess, item.span)) { let body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body_id); let mut fpu = FindPanicUnwrap { cx, typeck_results: cx.tcx.typeck(item.def_id), panic_span: None, }; fpu.visit_expr(&body.value); lint_for_missing_headers( cx, item.hir_id(), item.span, sig, headers, Some(body_id), fpu.panic_span, ); } }, hir::ItemKind::Impl(ref impl_) => { self.in_trait_impl = impl_.of_trait.is_some(); }, _ => {}, } } fn check_item_post(&mut self, _cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx hir::Item<'_>) { if let hir::ItemKind::Impl { .. } = item.kind { self.in_trait_impl = false; } } fn check_trait_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx hir::TraitItem<'_>) { let attrs = cx.tcx.hir().attrs(item.hir_id()); let headers = check_attrs(cx, &self.valid_idents, attrs); if let hir::TraitItemKind::Fn(ref sig, ..) = item.kind { if !in_external_macro(cx.tcx.sess, item.span) { lint_for_missing_headers(cx, item.hir_id(), item.span, sig, headers, None, None); } } } fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, item: &'tcx hir::ImplItem<'_>) { let attrs = cx.tcx.hir().attrs(item.hir_id()); let headers = check_attrs(cx, &self.valid_idents, attrs); if self.in_trait_impl || in_external_macro(cx.tcx.sess, item.span) { return; } if let hir::ImplItemKind::Fn(ref sig, body_id) = item.kind { let body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body_id); let mut fpu = FindPanicUnwrap { cx, typeck_results: cx.tcx.typeck(item.def_id), panic_span: None, }; fpu.visit_expr(&body.value); lint_for_missing_headers( cx, item.hir_id(), item.span, sig, headers, Some(body_id), fpu.panic_span, ); } } } fn lint_for_missing_headers<'tcx>( cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, hir_id: hir::HirId, span: impl Into + Copy, sig: &hir::FnSig<'_>, headers: DocHeaders, body_id: Option, panic_span: Option, ) { if !cx.access_levels.is_exported(hir_id) { return; // Private functions do not require doc comments } if !headers.safety && sig.header.unsafety == hir::Unsafety::Unsafe { span_lint( cx, MISSING_SAFETY_DOC, span, "unsafe function's docs miss `# Safety` section", ); } if !headers.panics && panic_span.is_some() { span_lint_and_note( cx, MISSING_PANICS_DOC, span, "docs for function which may panic missing `# Panics` section", panic_span, "first possible panic found here", ); } if !headers.errors { if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, return_ty(cx, hir_id), sym::result_type) { span_lint( cx, MISSING_ERRORS_DOC, span, "docs for function returning `Result` missing `# Errors` section", ); } else { if_chain! { if let Some(body_id) = body_id; if let Some(future) = cx.tcx.lang_items().future_trait(); let typeck = cx.tcx.typeck_body(body_id); let body = cx.tcx.hir().body(body_id); let ret_ty = typeck.expr_ty(&body.value); if implements_trait(cx, ret_ty, future, &[]); if let ty::Opaque(_, subs) = ret_ty.kind(); if let Some(gen) = subs.types().next(); if let ty::Generator(_, subs, _) = gen.kind(); if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, subs.as_generator().return_ty(), sym::result_type); then { span_lint( cx, MISSING_ERRORS_DOC, span, "docs for function returning `Result` missing `# Errors` section", ); } } } } } /// Cleanup documentation decoration. /// /// We can't use `rustc_ast::attr::AttributeMethods::with_desugared_doc` or /// `rustc_ast::parse::lexer::comments::strip_doc_comment_decoration` because we /// need to keep track of /// the spans but this function is inspired from the later. #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)] #[must_use] pub fn strip_doc_comment_decoration(doc: &str, comment_kind: CommentKind, span: Span) -> (String, Vec<(usize, Span)>) { // one-line comments lose their prefix if comment_kind == CommentKind::Line { let mut doc = doc.to_owned(); doc.push('\n'); let len = doc.len(); // +3 skips the opening delimiter return (doc, vec![(len, span.with_lo(span.lo() + BytePos(3)))]); } let mut sizes = vec![]; let mut contains_initial_stars = false; for line in doc.lines() { let offset = line.as_ptr() as usize - doc.as_ptr() as usize; debug_assert_eq!(offset as u32 as usize, offset); contains_initial_stars |= line.trim_start().starts_with('*'); // +1 adds the newline, +3 skips the opening delimiter sizes.push((line.len() + 1, span.with_lo(span.lo() + BytePos(3 + offset as u32)))); } if !contains_initial_stars { return (doc.to_string(), sizes); } // remove the initial '*'s if any let mut no_stars = String::with_capacity(doc.len()); for line in doc.lines() { let mut chars = line.chars(); while let Some(c) = chars.next() { if c.is_whitespace() { no_stars.push(c); } else { no_stars.push(if c == '*' { ' ' } else { c }); break; } } no_stars.push_str(chars.as_str()); no_stars.push('\n'); } (no_stars, sizes) } #[derive(Copy, Clone)] struct DocHeaders { safety: bool, errors: bool, panics: bool, } fn check_attrs<'a>(cx: &LateContext<'_>, valid_idents: &FxHashSet, attrs: &'a [Attribute]) -> DocHeaders { let mut doc = String::new(); let mut spans = vec![]; for attr in attrs { if let AttrKind::DocComment(comment_kind, comment) = attr.kind { let (comment, current_spans) = strip_doc_comment_decoration(&comment.as_str(), comment_kind, attr.span); spans.extend_from_slice(¤t_spans); doc.push_str(&comment); } else if attr.has_name(sym::doc) { // ignore mix of sugared and non-sugared doc // don't trigger the safety or errors check return DocHeaders { safety: true, errors: true, panics: true, }; } } let mut current = 0; for &mut (ref mut offset, _) in &mut spans { let offset_copy = *offset; *offset = current; current += offset_copy; } if doc.is_empty() { return DocHeaders { safety: false, errors: false, panics: false, }; } let parser = pulldown_cmark::Parser::new(&doc).into_offset_iter(); // Iterate over all `Events` and combine consecutive events into one let events = parser.coalesce(|previous, current| { use pulldown_cmark::Event::Text; let previous_range = previous.1; let current_range = current.1; match (previous.0, current.0) { (Text(previous), Text(current)) => { let mut previous = previous.to_string(); previous.push_str(¤t); Ok((Text(previous.into()), previous_range)) }, (previous, current) => Err(((previous, previous_range), (current, current_range))), } }); check_doc(cx, valid_idents, events, &spans) } const RUST_CODE: &[&str] = &["rust", "no_run", "should_panic", "compile_fail"]; fn check_doc<'a, Events: Iterator, Range)>>( cx: &LateContext<'_>, valid_idents: &FxHashSet, events: Events, spans: &[(usize, Span)], ) -> DocHeaders { // true if a safety header was found use pulldown_cmark::CodeBlockKind; use pulldown_cmark::Event::{ Code, End, FootnoteReference, HardBreak, Html, Rule, SoftBreak, Start, TaskListMarker, Text, }; use pulldown_cmark::Tag::{CodeBlock, Heading, Link}; let mut headers = DocHeaders { safety: false, errors: false, panics: false, }; let mut in_code = false; let mut in_link = None; let mut in_heading = false; let mut is_rust = false; let mut edition = None; for (event, range) in events { match event { Start(CodeBlock(ref kind)) => { in_code = true; if let CodeBlockKind::Fenced(lang) = kind { for item in lang.split(',') { if item == "ignore" { is_rust = false; break; } if let Some(stripped) = item.strip_prefix("edition") { is_rust = true; edition = stripped.parse::().ok(); } else if item.is_empty() || RUST_CODE.contains(&item) { is_rust = true; } } } }, End(CodeBlock(_)) => { in_code = false; is_rust = false; }, Start(Link(_, url, _)) => in_link = Some(url), End(Link(..)) => in_link = None, Start(Heading(_)) => in_heading = true, End(Heading(_)) => in_heading = false, Start(_tag) | End(_tag) => (), // We don't care about other tags Html(_html) => (), // HTML is weird, just ignore it SoftBreak | HardBreak | TaskListMarker(_) | Code(_) | Rule => (), FootnoteReference(text) | Text(text) => { if Some(&text) == in_link.as_ref() { // Probably a link of the form `` // Which are represented as a link to "http://example.com" with // text "http://example.com" by pulldown-cmark continue; } headers.safety |= in_heading && text.trim() == "Safety"; headers.errors |= in_heading && text.trim() == "Errors"; headers.panics |= in_heading && text.trim() == "Panics"; let index = match spans.binary_search_by(|c| c.0.cmp(&range.start)) { Ok(o) => o, Err(e) => e - 1, }; let (begin, span) = spans[index]; if in_code { if is_rust { let edition = edition.unwrap_or_else(|| cx.tcx.sess.edition()); check_code(cx, &text, edition, span); } } else { // Adjust for the beginning of the current `Event` let span = span.with_lo(span.lo() + BytePos::from_usize(range.start - begin)); check_text(cx, valid_idents, &text, span); } }, } } headers } fn check_code(cx: &LateContext<'_>, text: &str, edition: Edition, span: Span) { fn has_needless_main(code: &str, edition: Edition) -> bool { rustc_driver::catch_fatal_errors(|| { rustc_span::with_session_globals(edition, || { let filename = FileName::anon_source_code(code); let sm = Lrc::new(SourceMap::new(FilePathMapping::empty())); let emitter = EmitterWriter::new(box io::sink(), None, false, false, false, None, false); let handler = Handler::with_emitter(false, None, box emitter); let sess = ParseSess::with_span_handler(handler, sm); let mut parser = match maybe_new_parser_from_source_str(&sess, filename, code.into()) { Ok(p) => p, Err(errs) => { for mut err in errs { err.cancel(); } return false; }, }; let mut relevant_main_found = false; loop { match parser.parse_item(ForceCollect::No) { Ok(Some(item)) => match &item.kind { // Tests with one of these items are ignored ItemKind::Static(..) | ItemKind::Const(..) | ItemKind::ExternCrate(..) | ItemKind::ForeignMod(..) => return false, // We found a main function ... ItemKind::Fn(box FnKind(_, sig, _, Some(block))) if item.ident.name == sym::main => { let is_async = matches!(sig.header.asyncness, Async::Yes { .. }); let returns_nothing = match &sig.decl.output { FnRetTy::Default(..) => true, FnRetTy::Ty(ty) if ty.kind.is_unit() => true, _ => false, }; if returns_nothing && !is_async && !block.stmts.is_empty() { // This main function should be linted, but only if there are no other functions relevant_main_found = true; } else { // This main function should not be linted, we're done return false; } }, // Another function was found; this case is ignored too ItemKind::Fn(..) => return false, _ => {}, }, Ok(None) => break, Err(mut e) => { e.cancel(); return false; }, } } relevant_main_found }) }) .ok() .unwrap_or_default() } if has_needless_main(text, edition) { span_lint(cx, NEEDLESS_DOCTEST_MAIN, span, "needless `fn main` in doctest"); } } fn check_text(cx: &LateContext<'_>, valid_idents: &FxHashSet, text: &str, span: Span) { for word in text.split(|c: char| c.is_whitespace() || c == '\'') { // Trim punctuation as in `some comment (see foo::bar).` // ^^ // Or even as in `_foo bar_` which is emphasized. let word = word.trim_matches(|c: char| !c.is_alphanumeric()); if valid_idents.contains(word) { continue; } // Adjust for the current word let offset = word.as_ptr() as usize - text.as_ptr() as usize; let span = Span::new( span.lo() + BytePos::from_usize(offset), span.lo() + BytePos::from_usize(offset + word.len()), span.ctxt(), ); check_word(cx, word, span); } } fn check_word(cx: &LateContext<'_>, word: &str, span: Span) { /// Checks if a string is camel-case, i.e., contains at least two uppercase /// letters (`Clippy` is ok) and one lower-case letter (`NASA` is ok). /// Plurals are also excluded (`IDs` is ok). fn is_camel_case(s: &str) -> bool { if s.starts_with(|c: char| c.is_digit(10)) { return false; } let s = s.strip_suffix('s').unwrap_or(s); s.chars().all(char::is_alphanumeric) && s.chars().filter(|&c| c.is_uppercase()).take(2).count() > 1 && s.chars().filter(|&c| c.is_lowercase()).take(1).count() > 0 } fn has_underscore(s: &str) -> bool { s != "_" && !s.contains("\\_") && s.contains('_') } fn has_hyphen(s: &str) -> bool { s != "-" && s.contains('-') } if let Ok(url) = Url::parse(word) { // try to get around the fact that `foo::bar` parses as a valid URL if !url.cannot_be_a_base() { span_lint( cx, DOC_MARKDOWN, span, "you should put bare URLs between `<`/`>` or make a proper Markdown link", ); return; } } // We assume that mixed-case words are not meant to be put inside bacticks. (Issue #2343) if has_underscore(word) && has_hyphen(word) { return; } if has_underscore(word) || word.contains("::") || is_camel_case(word) { span_lint( cx, DOC_MARKDOWN, span, &format!("you should put `{}` between ticks in the documentation", word), ); } } struct FindPanicUnwrap<'a, 'tcx> { cx: &'a LateContext<'tcx>, panic_span: Option, typeck_results: &'tcx ty::TypeckResults<'tcx>, } impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for FindPanicUnwrap<'a, 'tcx> { type Map = Map<'tcx>; fn visit_expr(&mut self, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) { if self.panic_span.is_some() { return; } // check for `begin_panic` if_chain! { if let ExprKind::Call(ref func_expr, _) = expr.kind; if let ExprKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, ref path)) = func_expr.kind; if let Some(path_def_id) = path.res.opt_def_id(); if match_panic_def_id(self.cx, path_def_id); if is_expn_of(expr.span, "unreachable").is_none(); then { self.panic_span = Some(expr.span); } } // check for `unwrap` if let Some(arglists) = method_chain_args(expr, &["unwrap"]) { let reciever_ty = self.typeck_results.expr_ty(&arglists[0][0]).peel_refs(); if is_type_diagnostic_item(self.cx, reciever_ty, sym::option_type) || is_type_diagnostic_item(self.cx, reciever_ty, sym::result_type) { self.panic_span = Some(expr.span); } } // and check sub-expressions intravisit::walk_expr(self, expr); } fn nested_visit_map(&mut self) -> NestedVisitorMap { NestedVisitorMap::OnlyBodies(self.cx.tcx.hir()) } }